Surveillance of urine cultures and evaluation gram negative uropathogens; five year data from Erbil
Yıl: 2023 Cilt: 14 Sayı: 49 Sayfa Aralığı: 111 - 116 Metin Dili: İngilizce DOI: 10.17944/interdiscip.1351971 İndeks Tarihi: 05-10-2023
Surveillance of urine cultures and evaluation gram negative uropathogens; five year data from Erbil
Öz: Objective: Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are most common infectious disease and a public health problem that imposes a large economic burden. Determining the distribution and resistance profiles of uropathogens in a region is important for planning empirical treatments, preventing antimicrobial drug resistance and establishing rational antibiotic use policies. The aim of this study is to gather surveillance data of urine cultures and determine the prevalence of uropathogens in urine samples of patients referred to outpatient clinics in Erbil region and to evaluate the antimicrobial susceptibility of the gram negative uropathogens. Methods: All urine cultures result of patients referred to Erbil hospitals in the last 5 years (2015-2020) are retrospectively examined in this study. Microorganisms are identified by standard bacterial methods and their susceptibilities are assessed by VITEK 2 (bioMérieux, Marcy l’Etoile, France) automated system. Results: The results of urine culture of 3380 suspected UTI cases are examined and out of 3097 positive cultures observed, a total of 1961 (63.3%) isolates are gram-negative and 1136 (36.7%) are gram-positive pathogens. Conclusion: The most common urinary pathogen determined in this study is Escherichia coli. The highest resistances of gram-negative urinary pathogens are against the ampicillin, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole and ceftriaxone. It is thought that the data obtained from this study will be useful in the planning of empirical treatment of urinary tract infections and in the development of rational antibiotic use policies.
Anahtar Kelime: Belge Türü: Makale Makale Türü: Araştırma Makalesi Erişim Türü: Erişime Açık
- 1. Köves B, Cai T, Veeratterapillay R, Pickard R, Seisen T, Lam TB, Yuan CY, Bruyere F, Wagenlehner F, Bartoletti R, Geerlings SE, Pilatz A, Pradere B, Hofmann F, Bonkat G, Wullt B. Benefits and Harms of Treatment of Asymptomatic Bacteriuria: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis by the European Association of Urology Urological Infection Guidelines Panel. Eur Urol. 2017;72(6):865-868. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. eururo.2017.07.014.
- 2. Anderson GG, Goller CC, Justice S, Hultgren SJ, Seed PC. Polysaccharide capsule and sialic acid-mediated regulation promote biofilm-like intracellular bacterial communities during cystitis. Infect Immun. 2010;78(3):963-975. https://doi. org/10.1128/IAI.00925-09
- 3. Beyer AK, Currea GCC, Holm A. Validity of microscopy for diagnosing urinary tract infection in general practice - a systematic review. Scand J Prim Health Care. 2019;37(3):373- 379. https://doi.org/10.1080/02813432.2019.1639935
- 4. Flores-Mireles AL, Walker JN, Caparon M, Hultgren SJ. Urinary tract infections: epidemiology, mechanisms of infection and treatment options. Nat Rev Microbiol. 2015;13(5):269-284. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrmicro3432
- 5. Ganguly N, Wattal C, Chandy S, Arora S, Gupta U, and Kotwani A. Situation Analysis Antibiotic Use and Resistance in India. Public Health Foundation of India and Center for Disease Dynamics, Economics and Policy. 2011;209-212.
- 6. Scholes D, Hooton TM, Roberts PL, Stapleton AE, Gupta K, Stamm WE. Risk factors for recurrent urinary tract infection in young women. J Infect Dis. 2000;182(4):1177-82. https://doi. org/10.1086/315827.
- 7. Walsh T and Collyns T. The pathophysiology of urinary tract infections. Surgery (Oxford), 2017;35(6):293-298. https://doi. org/10.1016/J.MPSUR.2017.03.007
- 8. Oteo J, Pérez-Vázquez M, Campos J. Extended-spectrum [beta]- lactamase producing Escherichia coli: changing epidemiology and clinical impact. Curr Opin Infect Dis. 2010;23(4):320-6. https://doi.org/10.1097/qco.0b013e3283398dc1.
- 9. Martens E, Demain AL. The antibiotic resistance crisis, with a focus on the United States. J Antibiot. 2017 May;70(5):520- 526. https://doi.org/10.1038/ja.2017.30.
- 10. Hooton TM. Clinical practice. Uncomplicated urinary tract infection. N Engl J Med. 2012;15;366(11):1028-37. https://doi. org/10.1056/NEJMcp1104429.
- 11. Ahmed SS, Shariq A, Alsalloom AA, Babikir IH, Alhomoud BN. Uropathogens and their antimicrobial resistance patterns: Relationship with urinary tract infections. Int J Health Sci. 2019;13(2):48-55.
- 12. Aktaş O, Denktaş E. Five- Year Evaluation of the Urine Culture Results and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Profiles of Isolated E. coli Strains. Biomed J Sci & Tech Res. 2020; 24(2). https://doi. org/10.26717/BJSTR.2020.24.004029
- 13. Giwa FJ, Ige OT, Haruna DM, Yaqub Y, Lamido TZ, Usman SY. Extended-Spectrum beta-lactamase production and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of uropathogens in a Tertiary Hospital in Northwestern Nigeria. Ann Trop Pathol 2018;9:11-6 https://doi.org/10.4103/atp.atp_39_17
- 14. Gupta N, Kundra S, Sharma A, Gautam V, Arora DR. Antimicrobial susceptibility of uropathogens in India. J Infect Dis Antimicrob Agents. 2007;24:13-18.
- 15. Osman AA. Antibiotic Resistance of Bacteria isolated in Urinary Tract Infections in Erbil City. Zanco J of Pure and Applied Sci. 2019; 31(4):42-49. https://doi.org/10.21271/zjpas.31.4.5
- 16. Abujnah AA, Zorgani A, Sabri MA, El-Mohammady H, Khalek RA, Ghenghesh KS. Multidrug resistance and extended- spectrum β-lactamases genes among Escherichia coli from patients with urinary tract infections in Northwestern Libya. Libyan J Med. 2015;2;10:26412. https://doi.org/10.3402/ljm. v10.26412.
- 17. Ali FA, Merza EM and Aula TS. Antibiotic resistance among Escherichia coli isolated from different clinical samples in Erbil City. Int J of Research Studies in Sci, Eng and Tech. 2017;4(10):12-21.
- 18. Edlin RS, Shapiro DJ, Hersh AL, Copp HL. Antibiotic resistance patterns of outpatient pediatric urinary tract infections. J Urol. 2013;190(1):222-7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. juro.2013.01.069.
- 19. Mohammed MA, Alnour TM, Shakurfo OM, Aburass MM. Prevalence and antimicrobial resistance pattern of bacterial strains isolated from patients with urinary tract infection in Messalata Central Hospital, Libya. Asian Pac J Trop Med. 2016;9(8):771-6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apjtm.2016.06.011.
- 20. Hertz FB, Schønning K, Rasmussen SC, Littauer P, Knudsen JD, Løbner-Olesen A, Frimodt-Møller N. Epidemiological factors associated with ESBL- and non ESBL-producing E. coli causing urinary tract infection in general practice. Infect Dis (Lond). 2016;48(3):241-5. https://doi.org/10.3109/23744235.2015.11 03895
| APA | Sadeq M, Seerwan Ghafour H, Demiray T, Altindis M (2023). Surveillance of urine cultures and evaluation gram negative uropathogens; five year data from Erbil. , 111 - 116. 10.17944/interdiscip.1351971 |
| Chicago | Sadeq Mohammed,Seerwan Ghafour Hevi,Demiray Tayfur,Altindis Mustafa Surveillance of urine cultures and evaluation gram negative uropathogens; five year data from Erbil. (2023): 111 - 116. 10.17944/interdiscip.1351971 |
| MLA | Sadeq Mohammed,Seerwan Ghafour Hevi,Demiray Tayfur,Altindis Mustafa Surveillance of urine cultures and evaluation gram negative uropathogens; five year data from Erbil. , 2023, ss.111 - 116. 10.17944/interdiscip.1351971 |
| AMA | Sadeq M,Seerwan Ghafour H,Demiray T,Altindis M Surveillance of urine cultures and evaluation gram negative uropathogens; five year data from Erbil. . 2023; 111 - 116. 10.17944/interdiscip.1351971 |
| Vancouver | Sadeq M,Seerwan Ghafour H,Demiray T,Altindis M Surveillance of urine cultures and evaluation gram negative uropathogens; five year data from Erbil. . 2023; 111 - 116. 10.17944/interdiscip.1351971 |
| IEEE | Sadeq M,Seerwan Ghafour H,Demiray T,Altindis M "Surveillance of urine cultures and evaluation gram negative uropathogens; five year data from Erbil." , ss.111 - 116, 2023. 10.17944/interdiscip.1351971 |
| ISNAD | Sadeq, Mohammed vd. "Surveillance of urine cultures and evaluation gram negative uropathogens; five year data from Erbil". (2023), 111-116. https://doi.org/10.17944/interdiscip.1351971 |
| APA | Sadeq M, Seerwan Ghafour H, Demiray T, Altindis M (2023). Surveillance of urine cultures and evaluation gram negative uropathogens; five year data from Erbil. Interdisciplinary medical journal, 14(49), 111 - 116. 10.17944/interdiscip.1351971 |
| Chicago | Sadeq Mohammed,Seerwan Ghafour Hevi,Demiray Tayfur,Altindis Mustafa Surveillance of urine cultures and evaluation gram negative uropathogens; five year data from Erbil. Interdisciplinary medical journal 14, no.49 (2023): 111 - 116. 10.17944/interdiscip.1351971 |
| MLA | Sadeq Mohammed,Seerwan Ghafour Hevi,Demiray Tayfur,Altindis Mustafa Surveillance of urine cultures and evaluation gram negative uropathogens; five year data from Erbil. Interdisciplinary medical journal, vol.14, no.49, 2023, ss.111 - 116. 10.17944/interdiscip.1351971 |
| AMA | Sadeq M,Seerwan Ghafour H,Demiray T,Altindis M Surveillance of urine cultures and evaluation gram negative uropathogens; five year data from Erbil. Interdisciplinary medical journal. 2023; 14(49): 111 - 116. 10.17944/interdiscip.1351971 |
| Vancouver | Sadeq M,Seerwan Ghafour H,Demiray T,Altindis M Surveillance of urine cultures and evaluation gram negative uropathogens; five year data from Erbil. Interdisciplinary medical journal. 2023; 14(49): 111 - 116. 10.17944/interdiscip.1351971 |
| IEEE | Sadeq M,Seerwan Ghafour H,Demiray T,Altindis M "Surveillance of urine cultures and evaluation gram negative uropathogens; five year data from Erbil." Interdisciplinary medical journal, 14, ss.111 - 116, 2023. 10.17944/interdiscip.1351971 |
| ISNAD | Sadeq, Mohammed vd. "Surveillance of urine cultures and evaluation gram negative uropathogens; five year data from Erbil". Interdisciplinary medical journal 14/49 (2023), 111-116. https://doi.org/10.17944/interdiscip.1351971 |
