Objective: Thrombosis of a hemodialysis arteriovenous fistula(AVF) is a serious complication that needs urgent treatment. Mostcases are treated surgically, but recently, endovascular strategieshave become a viable alternative. This study is an evaluation ofthe success and patency rate of percutaneous balloon angioplasty of thrombosed hemodialysis fistulas using a drug-coatedballoon (DCB) contrasted with a standard balloon (SB).Methods: The data of 33 patients with a thrombosed nativehemodialysis AVF treated percutaneously in a tertiary care center were analyzed retrospectively. Success of the procedurewas defined as restoration of flow with less than 30% residualstenosis and resumption of dialysis through the hemodialysisAVF. The success rate of the procedure and the patency rate at1, 6, and 12 months were evaluated. The effect on patency of aDCB was compared to that of a SB.Results: Twenty-five radiocephalic and 8 brachiocephalic thrombosed hemodialysis AVFs were treated during the study period.Flow was restored in 23 thrombosed fistulas, a success rate of69.7%. The patency rate of successfully treated fistulas was 95.6%at 1 month, 76.1% at 6 months, and 57.9% at 12 months. Ten ofthe 23 re-established AVFs were treated with a DCB and the remainder were treated with a SB. The patency of the fistulas treatedwith a DCB was similar to that of a SB at 1 month (100% vs 92.3%,respectively; p=0.393). The patency rate of a DCB was greaterthan that of a SB at 6 months (88.9% vs 66.7%, respectively;p=0.258) and 12 months (75% vs 45.4%, respectively; p=0.219).Conclusion: Percutaneous intervention for thrombosedhemodialysis AVFs is a safe, minimally invasive, and effective procedure. There was a positive trend in the patency rate of patientstreated with a DCB at 6 and 12 months compared with a SB.