Yıl: 2020 Cilt: 22 Sayı: 4 Sayfa Aralığı: 41 - 54 Metin Dili: İngilizce DOI: 10.25253/99.2020224.03 İndeks Tarihi: 26-07-2022

Turkey’s Libya Policy: Achievements and Challenges

Öz:
Libya has been witnessing a long and destructive civil war since the fall of Qaddafi in 2011. While countries like the United Arab Emirates, Egypt and France have an extremely damaging role in Libya, Turkey and Qatar has been trying to focus on ending the conflict and establishing a stable democratic country. Hafter’s invasion attempt, supported by the UAE and Egypt, failed as a result of Turkey’s intervention. In this regard, it would be correct to say that the peace process and political dialogue has only become possible with Turkey’s involvement in the Libyan equation. In Libya, where tribal ties are already effective, and centralization is weak, long-term conflicts have deeply shaken social cohesion. Furthermore, international actors have remained uninterested in Libya or preferred to fuel the problem rather than solve it. All of these factors, made it difficult for Turkey to implement its plans in Libya. Nevertheless, both Libya and Turkey have achieved major gains since the beginning of the year. In this context, this study aims to underscore the challenges of aforementioned process and consequently acquisitions of both sides.
Anahtar Kelime:

Belge Türü: Makale Makale Türü: Diğer Erişim Türü: Erişime Açık
  • 1. Daren Butler and Tuvan Gumrukcu, “Turkey Signs Maritime Boundaries Deal with Libya,” Reuters, (November 28, 2019), retrieved October 2, 2020, from https://www.reuters.com/article/ us-turkey-libya-idUSKBN1Y213I.
  • 2. Servet Günerigök, “UN Registers Turkey-Libya Maritime Deal,” Anadolu Agency, (October 1, 2020), retrieved October 2, 2020, from https://www.aa. com.tr/en/middle-east/un-registers-turkey-libya- maritime-deal/1992682; “Memorandum of Understanding between the Government of the Republic of Turkey and the Government of National Accord-State of Libya on Delimitation of the Maritime Jurisdiction Areas in the Mediterranean,” The United Nations, (November 27, 2019), retrieved October 3, 2020, from https://www. un.org/Depts/los/LEGISLATIONANDTREATIES/ STATEFILES/TUR.htm.
  • 3. “Turkey, Libya Deals ‘Void:’ Egypt, France, Greece, Cyprus,” Al Arabiya, (January 9, 2020), retrieved October 3, 2020, from https://english. alarabiya.net/en/News/north-africa/2020/01/09/ Turkey-Libya-deals-void-Egypt-France-Greece- Cyprus-.html.
  • 4. “EU Condemns Turkey-Libya Deal Despite Accordance With Int’l Law,” Daily Sabah, (December 13, 2019), retrieved October 3, 2020, from https:// www.dailysabah.com/diplomacy/2019/12/13/ eu-condemns-turkey-libya-deal-despite-accordance- with-intl-law.
  • 5. Günerigök, “UN Registers Turkey-Libya Maritime Deal,” Anadolu Agency.
  • 6. Burak Dağ, “Turkey’s Support for Libya Will Continue,” Anadolu Agency, (October 2, 2020), retrieved October 4, 2020, from https://www. aa.com.tr/en/africa/turkeys-support-for-libya- will-continue/1993165https://www.aa.com.tr/ en/africa/turkeys-support-for-libya-will-continue/ 1993165.
  • 7. “Turkey to Establish Military Base in Libya,” Middle East Monitor, (December 18, 2019), retrieved October 5, 2020, from https://www.middleeastmonitor. com/20191218-turkey-to-establish-military- base-in-libya/.
  • 8. Enes Canlı, “Libya: Haftar Use Daesh/ISIS Tactic While Withdrawing,” Anadolu Agency, (May 23, 2020), retrieved October 6, 2020, from https:// www.aa.com.tr/en/middle-east/libya-haftar-usedaesh- isis-tactic-while-withdrawing/1851072.
  • 9. “Libya’s GNS Says Pro-Haftar Mercenaries Deployed in Jufra and Sirte Despite Ceasefire,” Middle East Eye, (August 30, 2020), retrieved October 8, 2020, from https://www.middleeasteye.net/ news/libya-gna-military-pro-haftar-mercenaries- deployed-jufra-sirte-ceasefire.
  • 10. Mücahit Aydemir, “Libya: Russian Plane Brings Syrian Fighters to Sirte,” Anadolu Agency, (October 3, 2020), retrieved October 8, 2020, from https:// www.aa.com.tr/en/africa/libya-russian-planebrings- syrian-fighters-to-sirte/1994770.
  • 11. “NOC Recognised as Sole Legitimate Libyan Oil Corporation by International Community,” National Oil Corporation, retrieved October 8, 2020, from https://noc.ly/index.php/ en/new-4/3773-noc-recognised-as-sole-legitimate- libyan-oil-corporation-by-international- community.
  • 12. “Press Release Regarding the Signing of the Libyan Political Agreement,” Republic of Turkey Ministry of Foreign Affairs, (December 18, 2015), retrieved October 9, 2020, from http://www. mfa.gov.tr/no_-308_-16-december-2015_-pressrelease- regarding-the-signing-ceremony-ofthe- libyan-political-agreement.en.mfa.
  • 13. Ramy Allahoum, “Libya’s War: Who Is Supporting Whom?” Al Jazeera, (January 9, 2020), retrieved October 9, 2020, from https://www. aljazeera.com/news/2020/1/9/libyas-war-who-issupporting- whom.
  • 14. “Libya and the New Global Disorder: A Conversation with Ghassan Salamé,” Carnegie Endowment, (October 15, 2020), retrieved October 20, 2020, from https://www.youtube.com/ watch?v=XPo1Mk67GoA&t=1s&ab_channel=- CarnegieLive.
  • 15. Brian Katz and Joseph S. Bermudez Jr., “Moscow’s Next Front: Russia’s Expanding Military Footprint in Libya,” Center for Strategic International Studies, (June 17, 2020), retrieved October 9, 2020, from https://www.csis.org/analysis/moscows- next-front-russias-expanding-military-footprint- libya.
  • 16. Mücahit Aydemir, “Haftar Losing Ground despite UAE Spending Fortune,” Anadolu Agency, (May 21, 2020), retrieved October 10, 2020, from https://www.aa.com.tr/en/middle-east/haftarlosing- ground-despite-uae-spending-fortune-/ 1848499.
  • 17. Aishwarya Rakesh, “Libyan Military Destroys Haftar Forces’ Pantsir Air Defense System, Wing Loong Drones,” Defense World, (May 18, 2020), retrieved October 11, 2020, from https://www. defenseworld.net/news/26999/Libyan_Military_ Destroys_Haftar_Forces____Pantsir_Air_Defense_ Systems__Wing_Loong_Drones.
  • 18. “Egypt Sends more Arms to Libya’s Haftar,” Middle East Monitor, (June 7, 2019), retrieved October 12, 2020, from https://www.middleeastmonitor. com/20190607-egypt-sends-more-arms-tolibyas- haftar/https://www.middleeastmonitor. com/20190607-egypt-sends-more-arms-to-libyas- haftar/.
  • 19. “Turkish Parliament Ratifies Libya Troops Motion,” Anadolu Agency, (January 2, 2020), retrieved October 14, 2020, from https://www.aa.com. tr/en/turkey/turkish-parliament-ratifies-libya- troops-motion/1690396.
  • 20. İsmail Numan Telci, “Why the Eastern Mediterranean Is of Strategic Importance for Turkey,” Politics Today, (May 13, 2019), retrieved October 15, 2020, from https://politicstoday.org/why-theeastern- mediterranean-is-of-strategic-importance- for-turkey/.
  • 21. İsmail Numan Telci, “Turkey’s Quest for Influence in the Mediterranean in the Post-Arab Uprisings Era,” in Robert Mason (ed.), Transnational Security Cooperation in the Mediterranean, (Cham: Palgrave, 2020), pp. 171-173.
  • 22. “Turkey to Launch Oil Exploration in East Med Soon under Pact with Libyan Government,” Daily Sabah, (May 29, 2020), retrieved October 18, 2020, from https://www.dailysabah.com/business/ energy/turkey-to-launch-oil-exploration-ineast- med-soon-under-pact-with-libyan-government.
  • 23. “Turkey’s Foreign Minister Visits Libya for Talks with GNA,” Al Jazeera, (June 17, 2020), retrieved October 18, 2020, from https://www.aljazeera. com/news/2020/6/17/turkeys-foreign-ministervisits- libya-for-talks-with-gna.
  • 24. “Turkey-Libya Deal to Complete Unfinished Construction Projects Enters into Force,” Daily Sabah, (October 16, 2020), retrieved October 18, 2020, from https://www.dailysabah.com/ business/economy/turkey-libya-deal-to-complete- unfinished-construction-projects-enters- into-force.
  • 25. Alex Gatopoulos, “Largest Drone War in the World: How Airpower Saved Tripoli,” Al Jazeera, (May 28, 2020), retrieved October 18, 2020, from https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/5/28/ largest-drone-war-in-the-world-how-airpowersaved- tripoli.
  • 26. Çağatay Zontur, “Turkish Intel Helps Cross-Border Operations Succeed—Erdoğan,” Anadolu Agency, (June 6, 2020), retrieved October 18, 2020, from https://www.aa.com.tr/en/turkey/ turkish-intel-helps-cross-border-operations-succeed/ 1694021https://www.aa.com.tr/en/turkey/ turkish-intel-helps-cross-border-operations-succeed/ 1694021.
APA telci i (2020). Turkey’s Libya Policy: Achievements and Challenges. , 41 - 54. 10.25253/99.2020224.03
Chicago telci ismail numan Turkey’s Libya Policy: Achievements and Challenges. (2020): 41 - 54. 10.25253/99.2020224.03
MLA telci ismail numan Turkey’s Libya Policy: Achievements and Challenges. , 2020, ss.41 - 54. 10.25253/99.2020224.03
AMA telci i Turkey’s Libya Policy: Achievements and Challenges. . 2020; 41 - 54. 10.25253/99.2020224.03
Vancouver telci i Turkey’s Libya Policy: Achievements and Challenges. . 2020; 41 - 54. 10.25253/99.2020224.03
IEEE telci i "Turkey’s Libya Policy: Achievements and Challenges." , ss.41 - 54, 2020. 10.25253/99.2020224.03
ISNAD telci, ismail numan. "Turkey’s Libya Policy: Achievements and Challenges". (2020), 41-54. https://doi.org/10.25253/99.2020224.03
APA telci i (2020). Turkey’s Libya Policy: Achievements and Challenges. Insight Turkey, 22(4), 41 - 54. 10.25253/99.2020224.03
Chicago telci ismail numan Turkey’s Libya Policy: Achievements and Challenges. Insight Turkey 22, no.4 (2020): 41 - 54. 10.25253/99.2020224.03
MLA telci ismail numan Turkey’s Libya Policy: Achievements and Challenges. Insight Turkey, vol.22, no.4, 2020, ss.41 - 54. 10.25253/99.2020224.03
AMA telci i Turkey’s Libya Policy: Achievements and Challenges. Insight Turkey. 2020; 22(4): 41 - 54. 10.25253/99.2020224.03
Vancouver telci i Turkey’s Libya Policy: Achievements and Challenges. Insight Turkey. 2020; 22(4): 41 - 54. 10.25253/99.2020224.03
IEEE telci i "Turkey’s Libya Policy: Achievements and Challenges." Insight Turkey, 22, ss.41 - 54, 2020. 10.25253/99.2020224.03
ISNAD telci, ismail numan. "Turkey’s Libya Policy: Achievements and Challenges". Insight Turkey 22/4 (2020), 41-54. https://doi.org/10.25253/99.2020224.03