Ünlü Güvenilirliği Modelinin Ünlülerle Kurulan Para-Sosyal İlişki ve Ünlü-Benlik Bağlantısı Üzerindeki Rolü

Yıl: 2022 Cilt: 57 Sayı: 2 Sayfa Aralığı: 1153 - 1175 Metin Dili: Türkçe DOI: 10.15659/3.sektor-sosyal-ekonomi.22.05.1857 İndeks Tarihi: 09-09-2022

Ünlü Güvenilirliği Modelinin Ünlülerle Kurulan Para-Sosyal İlişki ve Ünlü-Benlik Bağlantısı Üzerindeki Rolü

Öz:
Kaynak güvenilirliği modeli halen pazarlama iletişim çalışmalarında yaygın bir şekilde araştırılan konular arasında yer almaktadır. Pazarlama iletişimi çalışmaları bu modeli ünlü güvenilirliği modeli olarak ele almış ve ünlü bir kişinin güvenilir, çekici ve uzman olarak algılanması halinde pozitif tüketici tepkilerinin ortaya çıkacağını ortaya koymuştur. Ancak, ünlüler sadece markaları tanıtan kişiler olarak değil, tüketicilerle ve özellikle hayranlarıyla yoğun ilişkiler kuran kişilikler olarak da değerlendirilmektedir. Ünlü güvenilirliği modelinin ise kurulan bu tüketici-ünlü ilişkileri üzerindeki rolü tam olarak bilinmemektedir. Bu çalışmada ünlü güvenilirliği modelinin ünlülerle kurulan para-sosyal ilişki ve benlik-ünlü bağlantısı üzerindeki rolü ve bunun sonucunda ünlünün tanıttığı ürüne yönelik satın alma niyeti üzerindeki etkisi araştırılmaktadır. Ayrıca, çalışma para-sosyal ilişki ve benlik-ünlü bağlantısının ünlü güvenilirliği modeli ile satın alma niyeti arasındaki ilişkideki aracılık etkisini de incelemektedir. Kolayda örneklem yoluyla elde edilen 366 anket Yapısal Eşitlik Modellemesiyle analiz edilmiştir. Sonuçlar, ünlü güvenilirliği modeli değişkenlerinin para-sosyal ilişki ve benlik-ünlü bağlantısı oluşturma potansiyeline sahip olduğunu göstermektedir. Ayrıca para-sosyal ilişki ve benlik-ünlü bağlantısı, ünlü güvenilirliği modeli ile satın alma niyeti arasında aracılık etkilerine sahiptir. Ünlü güvenilirliği modelinin ünlülerle tüketiciler arasında ilişkiler kurulmasına yardım edebileceğini gösteren bu sonuçlar, mevcut bilgiye katkı sağlamaktadır.
Anahtar Kelime:

The Role Of Celebrity Credibility Model On Para-Social Relationship And Celebrity-Self Connection

Öz:
The source credibility model is still one of the most popular topics in marketing communication studies. Advertisement research has examined this model as the celebrity credibility model and concluded that the perception of the celebrities as trustworthy, attractive, and expert results in positive consumer responses. However, celebrities are not only figures who endorse brands but also personas establish intense relationships with consumers, especially with their fans. What is not yet clear is the role of the celebrity credibility model in these consumer-celebrity relationships. This study aims to research the effect of the celebrity credibility model on para-social relationships with celebrities and celebrity-self connection, which result in purchase intention regarding the brand endorsed by the celebrity. Besides, the study investigates the mediation effects of para-social relationships and celebrity-self connection between celebrity credibility model and purchase intention. 366 questionnaires obtained by convenience sampling have been analysed by Structural Equation Modelling. Results have shown that the celebrity credibility model has potent in establishing para-social relationships with celebrities and celebrity-self connections. Moreover, para-social relationships and celebrity-self connection have vital mediator effects between celebrity credibility model and purchase intention. These results, which show that the celebrity credibility model can help establish relationships between celebrities and consumers, have potential to contribute to the celebrity literature.
Anahtar Kelime:

Belge Türü: Makale Makale Türü: Araştırma Makalesi Erişim Türü: Erişime Açık
  • Amos, C., Holmes, G., & Strutton, D. (2008). Exploring the relationship between celebrity endorser effects and advertising effectiveness: A quantitative synthesis of effect size. International Journal Of Advertising, 27(2), 209-234.
  • Aw, E. C. X., & Chuah, S. H. W. (2021). “Stop the unattainable ideal for an ordinary me!” fostering para-social relationships with social media influencers: The role of self-discrepancy. Journal of Business Research, 132, 146-157.
  • Bagozzi, R. P., & Yi, Y. (1988). On the evaluation of structural equation models. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 16(1), 74–94. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02723327
  • Bairrada, C.M., Coelho, F. and Coelho, A. (2018), “Antecedents and outcomes of brand love: utilitarian and symbolic brand qualities”, European Journal of Marketing, Vol. 52 No. 3/4, pp. 656-682. https://doi.org/10.1108/EJM-02-2016-0081
  • Ballantine, P.W., Martin, B.A.S., (2005), Forming Para-social Relationships in Online Communities, Advances in Consumer Research, Volume 32
  • Belonax Jr, J. J., Newell, S. J., & Plank, R. E. (2007). The role of purchase importance on buyer perceptions of the trust and expertise components of supplier and salesperson credibility in business-to-business relationships. Journal of Personal Selling & Sales Management, 27(3), 247- 258.
  • Bergkvist, L., Hjalmarson, H., & Mägi, A. W. (2016). A new model of how celebrity endorsements work: attitude toward the endorsement as a mediator of celebrity source and endorsement effects. International Journal of Advertising, 35(2), 171-184.
  • Bhatt, N., Jayswal, R. M., & Patel, J. D. (2013). Impact of celebrity endorser's source credibility on attitude towards advertisements and brands. South Asian Journal of Management, 20(4), 74.
  • Boon, S. & Lomore, C. (2001), “Admirer-celebrity relationships among young adults”, Human Communication Research, 27(3), 432-465. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2958.2001.tb00788.x
  • Brown, T. (2015). Confirmatory factor analysis for applied research (Second ed.). Guilford. Chen, T. Y., Yeh, T. L., & Lee, F. Y. (2021b). The impact of Internet celebrity characteristics on followers’ impulse purchase behavior: the mediation of attachment and para-social interaction. Journal of Research in Interactive Marketing. Vol. 15 No. 3, pp. 483-501. https://doi.org/10.1108/JRIM-09-2020-0183
  • Chen, X., Li, W., & Joo, D. (2021a). Literary celebrity, tourists’ self-destination connection, and brand engagement: Based on a marketing perspective of celebrity endorsement effects. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management, 48, 230-239.
  • Chung, S. & Cho, H. (2017), “Fostering para-social relationships with celebrities on social media: Implications for celebrity endorsement”, Psychology & Marketing, 34(4), 481- 495.https://doi.org/10.1002/mar.21001
  • Cole, T. and Leets, L. (1999), “Attachment styles and intimate television viewing: insecurely forming relationships in a para-social way”, Journal of Social and Personal Relations, Vol. 16 No. 4, pp. 495-511, doi: 10.1177/0265407599164005.
  • Cuomo, M. T., Foroudi, P., Tortora, D., Hussain, S., & Melewar, T. C. (2019). Celebrity endorsement and the attitude towards luxury brands for sustainable consumption. Sustainability, 11(23), 6791.
  • Dwivedi, A., Johnson, L. W., & McDonald, R. E. (2015). Celebrity endorsement, self-brand connection and consumer-based brand equity. Journal of Product & Brand Management, 24(5), 449–461. https://doi.org/10.1108/JPBM-10-2014-0722
  • Erdoğan, B.Z., (1999), Celebrity Endorsement: A Literature Review, Journal of Marketing Management, 15:4, 291-314
  • Ermeç, A., Catli, O., & Korkmaz, S. (2014). Examining the effect of endorser credibility on the consumers’ buying intentions: an empirical study in Turkey. International Review of Management and Marketing, 4(1), 66-77.
  • Escalas, J. E. (2004). Narrative processing: Building consumer connections to brands. Journal of Consumer Psychology, 14(1-2), 168-180.
  • Escalas, J. E., & Bettman, J. R. (2003). You are what they eat: The influence of reference groups on consumers’ connections to brands. Journal of Consumer Psychology, 13(3), 339-348.
  • Field, A. (2005). Discovering statistics using SPSS. Second edition. Sage. Fornell, C., & Larcker, D. F. (1981). Evaluating structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error. Journal of Marketing Research, 18(1), 39–50. https://doi.org/10.1177/002224378101800104
  • Fournier, S., & Eckhardt, G. M. (2019). Putting the person back in person-brands: Understanding and managing the two-bodied brand. Journal of Marketing Research, 56(4), 602–619. https://doi.org/ 10.1177/0022243719830654
  • Friedman, H.H., Friedman, L., (1979), Endorser Effectiveness by Product Type, Journal Of Advertising Research, 19, pp. 63-71.
  • Giles, D. C., & Maltby, J. (2004). The role of media figures in adolescent development: Relations between autonomy, attachment, and interest in celebrities. Personality and Individual Differences, 36(4), 813-822.
  • Goldsmith, R. E., Lafferty, B. A., & Newell, S. J. (2000). The impact of corporate credibility and celebrity credibility on consumer reaction to advertisements and brands. Journal of Advertising, 29(3), 43-54.
  • Gong, W., & Li, X. (2017). Engaging fans on microblog: the synthetic influence of para-social interaction and source characteristics on celebrity endorsement. Psychology & Marketing, 34(7), 720-732.
  • Hair, J. F., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J., & Anderson, R. E. (2010). Multivariate Data Analysis. Prentice Hall.
  • Halder, D., Pradhan, D., & Chaudhuri, H. R. (2021). Forty-five years of celebrity credibility and endorsement literature: Review and learnings. Journal of Business Research, 125, 397-415.
  • Haobin Ye, B., Fong, L. H. N., & Luo, J. M. (2021). Para-social interaction on tourism companies’ social media sites: antecedents and consequences. Current Issues in Tourism, 24(8), 1093-1108.
  • Harrison, K. (2000). The body electric: Thin-ideal media and eating disorders in adolescents. Journal of Communication, 50(3), 119-143.
  • Hartmann, T., & Goldhoorn, C. (2011). Horton and Wohl revisited: Exploring viewers’ experience of para-social interaction. Journal of Communication, 61(6), 1104-1121.
  • Horton, D., & Richard Wohl, R. (1956). Mass Communication and Para-Social Interaction. Psychiatry, 19(3), 215–229. https://doi.org/10.1080/00332747.1956.11023049
  • Horton, D., Wohl, R.R., (1956), Mass Communication and Para-Social Interaction: Observations on Intimacy at a Distance, Psychiatry, Volume 19, Issue 3: 215-229
  • Huang, Y. A., Lin, C., & Phau, I. (2015). Idol attachment and human brand loyalty. European Journal of Marketing. Vol. 49 No. 7/8, pp. 1234-1255. https://doi.org/10.1108/EJM-07-2012-0416
  • Hung, K. (2014). Why celebrity sells: A dual entertainment path model of brand endorsement. Journal of Advertising, 43(2), 155-166.
  • Hung, K., Chan, K.W., Tse, C.H., (2011), Assessing Celebrity Endorsement Effects in China, A Consumer-Celebrity Relational Approach, Journal Of Advertising Research, December, vol. 51 no. 4
  • Ilicic, J., & Webster, C. M. (2016). Being true to oneself: Investigating celebrity brand authenticity. Psychology & Marketing, 33(6), 410-420.
  • Ilicic, J., Webster, C.M., (2011), Effects of Multiple Endorsements and Consumer–Celebrity Attachment on Attitude and Purchase Intention, Australasian Marketing Journal (AMJ), 19(4), 230-237.ISO 690
  • Ilicic, J., Baxter, S. M., & Kulczynski, A. (2016). The impact of age on consumer attachment to celebrities and endorsed brand attachment. Journal of Brand Management, 23(3), 273-288.
  • Jain, K., Sharma, I., & Behl, A. (2021). Voice of the stars-exploring the outcomes of online celebrity activism. Journal of Strategic Marketing, 1-22.
  • Jarvis, C. B., MacKenzie, S. B., & Podsakoff, P. M. (2003). A critical review of construct indicators and measurement model misspecification in marketing and consumer research. The Journal Of Consumer Research, 30(2), 199–218. https://doi.org/10.1086/376806
  • Kamins, M.A., (1990), An Investigation into the “Match-Up” Hypothesis in Celebrity Advertising: When Beauty May be Only Skin Deep, Journal of Advertising, Volume 19, Number 1, Page 4-13
  • Keel, A., Nataraajan, R., (2012), Celebrity Endorsements and Beyond: New Avenues for Celebrity Branding, Psychology and Marketing, Vol. 29(9), (September), 690-703
  • Keller, K. L. (1993). Conceptualizing, measuring and managing customer based brand equity. Journal of Marketing, 57(1), 1–22. https://doi.org/10.1177/002224299305700101
  • Keller, K.L., (2012), Strategic Brand Management: Building, Measuring, and Managing Brand Equity, Pearson Education Limited, England
  • Kemp, E., Childers, C. Y., & Williams, K. H. (2012). A tale of a musical city: Fostering self-brand connection among residents of Austin, Texas. Place Branding and Public Diplomacy, 8(2), 147- 157.
  • Kline, R. B. (2015). Principles and Practice of Structural Equation Modelling. Guilford publications.
  • Lefever, S., Dal, M., & Matthíasdóttir, Á. (2007). Online data collection in academic research: advantages and limitations. British Journal of Educational Technology, 38(4), 574-582.
  • Levy, M.R., (1979), Watching TV News as Para-Social Interaction. Journal of Broadcasting, Volume 23, Issue 1, 69-80.
  • Liu, M.T., Liu, Y. and Zhang, L.L. (2019), “Vlog and brand evaluations: the influence of para-social interaction”, Asia Pacific Journal of Marketing and Logistics, Vol. 31 No. 2, pp. 419-436. https://doi.org/10.1108/APJML-01-2018-0021
  • Loroz, P.S., Braig, B M., (2015), Consumer Attachments to Human Brands: The “Oprah Effect”, Psychology & Marketing, 32(7), 751-763.
  • Machado, J. C., Vacas-de-Carvalho, L., Azar, S. L., André, A. R., & Dos Santos, B. P. (2019). Brand gender and consumer-based brand equity on Facebook: The mediating role of consumer-brand engagement and brand love. Journal of Business Research, 96, 376-385.
  • Maltby, J., Giles, D. C., Barber, L., & McCutcheon, L. E. (2005). Intense personal celebrity worship and body image: Evidence of a link among female adolescents. British Journal of Health Psychology, 10(1), 17-32.
  • McCracken, G., (1989), Who is the Celebrity Endorser? Cultural Foundations of the Endorsement Process, Journal of Consumer Research, 16 (December), 310-321.
  • McNulty, J. K., Neff, L. A., & Karney, B. R. (2008). Beyond initial attraction: physical attractiveness in newlywed marriage. Journal of Family Psychology, 22(1), 135.
  • Namrata, & Parmar, Y. (2021). The Moderating Effect of Attachment Styles on the Relationship Between Celebrity Credibility and Brand Attachment. Global Business Review, 09721509211044334.
  • Nunnally, J. C., & Bernstein, I. H. (1994). Psychological theory. MacGraw-Hill. Ohanian, R. 1990. Construction and validation of a scale to measure celebrity endorsers’ perceived expertise, trustworthiness, and attractiveness. Journal of Advertising 19 (3): 39–52
  • Ohanian, R., (1991), The Impact of Celebrity Spokesperson’s Perceived Image on Consumers’ Intention to Purchase, Journal of Advertising Research. Feb/Mar, Vol. 31 Issue 1, p46-54. 9p
  • Osorio, M.L., Centeno, E., Cambra-Fierro, J. and del Castillo, E. (2022), “In search of fit or authenticity? A product-type consumer decision in celebrity brand extensions”, Journal of Product & Brand Management, Vol. ahead-of-print No. ahead-of-print. https://doi.org/10.1108/JPBM-04-2021- 3437
  • Özer, M., Özer, A., & Koçak, A. (2020). A different perspective on celebrity attachment with self- congruence theory: Investigating the consumer-celebrity-brand relationship with its positive and negative outcomes. Proceedings of the European Marketing Academy, 49th.
  • Perse, E. M., & Rubin, R. B. (1989). Attribution in social and para-social relationships. Communication Research, 16(1), 59-77. https://doi.org/10.1177%2F009365089016001003
  • Perse, E.M. ve Rubin, R.B., (1989), Attribution in Social and Para-social Relationships, Communication Research, 16(1), 59-77.
  • Podsakoff, P. M., & Organ, D. W. (1986). Self-Reports in organizational research: Problems and prospects. Journal of Management, 12(4), 531–544. https://doi.org/10.1177/014920638601200408
  • Podsakoff, P. M., MacKenzie, S. B., Lee, J. Y., & Podsakoff, N. P. (2003). Common method biases in behavioral research: A critical review of the literature and recommended remedies. The Journal of Applied Psychology, 88(5), 879–903.
  • Pornpitakpan, C., (2003), Validation of the Celebrity Endorsers’ Credibility Scale: Evidence From Asians, Journal Of Marketing Management, Volume 19, Issue 1-2, pp. 179·195
  • Pornpitakpan, C., (2004), The Persuasiveness of Source Credibility: A Critical Review of Five Decades’ Evidence, Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 34,2, pp. 243-281.
  • Rubin, A. M., & Step, M. M. (2000). Impact of motivation, attraction, and para-social interaction on talk radio listening. Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media, 44(4), 635-654. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15506878jobem4404_7
  • Rubin, A.M. ve Perse, E.M., (1987), Audience Activity and Soap Opera Involvement A Uses and Effects Investigation, Human Communication Research, Volume 14, Issue 2, December: pages 246–268
  • Rubin, R. B., & McHugh, M. P. (1987). Development of para-social interaction relationships. Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media, 31:3, 279-292, DOI: 10.1080/08838158709386664
  • Saboo, A. R., Kumar, V., & Ramani, G. (2016). Evaluating the impact of social media activities on human brand sales. International Journal of Research in Marketing, 33(3), 524–541. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.ijresmar.2015.02.007
  • Sakib, M. N., Zolfagharian, M., & Yazdanparast, A. (2020). Does para-social interaction with weight loss vloggers affect compliance? The role of vlogger characteristics, consumer readiness, and health consciousness. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 52, 101733.
  • Saldanha, N., Mulye, R., & Rahman, K. (2020). A strategic view of celebrity endorsements through the attachment lens. Journal of Strategic Marketing, 28(5), 434-454.
  • Schiappa, E., Allen, M., & Gregg, P. B. (2007). Para-social relationships and television: A meta-analysis of the effects. Mass media effects research: Advances through meta-analysis, 301-314.
  • Schimmelpfennig, C., & Hunt, J. B. (2020). Fifty years of celebrity endorser research: Support for a comprehensive celebrity endorsement strategy framework. Psychology & Marketing, 37(3), 488- 505.
  • Shin, D. H. (2016). Do users experience real sociability through social TV? Analyzing para-social behavior in relation to social TV. Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media, 60(1), 140-159.
  • Silvera, D.H. and Austad, B. (2004), “Factors predicting the effectiveness of celebrity endorsement advertisements”, European Journal of Marketing, Vol. 38 No. 11/12, pp. 1509-1526. https://doi.org/10.1108/03090560410560218
  • Singh, R. P., & Banerjee, N. (2018). Exploring the influence of celebrity credibility on brand attitude, advertisement attitude and purchase intention. Global Business Review, 19(6), 1622-1639.
  • Sirgy, M. J. (1982). Self-concept in consumer behavior: A critical review. Journal of Consumer Research, 9(3), 287-300.
  • Sokolova, K., & Kefi, H. (2020). Instagram and YouTube bloggers promote it, why should I buy? How credibility and para-social interaction influence purchase intentions. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 53, 101742.
  • Suki, N. M. (2014). Does celebrity credibility influence Muslim and non-Muslim consumers’ attitudes toward brands and purchase intention? Journal of Islamic Marketing, Vol. 5 No. 2, pp. 227-240. https://doi.org/10.1108/JIMA-04-2013-0024
  • Sun, T. (2010). Antecedents and consequences of para-social interaction with sport athletes and identification with sport teams. Journal of Sport Behavior, 33(2), 194.
  • Swami, V., Taylor, R., & Carvalho, C. (2009). Acceptance of cosmetic surgery and celebrity worship: Evidence of associations among female undergraduates. Personality and Individual Differences, 47(8), 869-872.
  • Tang, T., Fang, E., & Wang, F. (2014). Is neutral really neutral? The effects of neutral user-generated content on product sales. Journal of Marketing, 78(4), 41–58. https://doi.org/10.1509/jm.13.0301
  • Thomson, M., (2006), Human Brands: Investigating Antecedents to Consumers’ Strong Attachments to Celebrities, Journal of Marketing, 70(3), 104-119.
  • Vijaranakorn, K. and Shannon, R. (2017), “The influence of country image on luxury value perception and purchase intention”, Journal of Asia Business Studies, Vol. 11 No. 1, pp. 88-110.
  • Vrontis, D., Makrides, A., Christofi, M., & Thrassou, A. (2021). Social media influencer marketing: A systematic review, integrative framework and future research agenda. International Journal of Consumer Studies. https://doi.org/10.1111/ijcs.12647
  • Wang, S. W., & Scheinbaum, A. C. (2017). Trustworthiness trumps attractiveness and expertise: enhancing brand credibility through celebrity endorsement. Journal of Advertising Research. 58(4):6–22
  • West, S. G., Finch, J. F., & Curran, P. J. (1995). Structural Equation models with nonnormal variables: Problems and remedies. In R. A. Hoyle (Ed.), Structural <: Concepts, issues, and applications (pp. 56–73). Sage.
  • White, R., Haddock, G., Varese, F., & Haarmans, M. (2021). “Sex isn’t everything”: views of people with experience of psychosis on intimate relationships and implications for mental health services. BMC psychiatry, 21(1), 1-15.
  • Xiang, L., Zheng, X., Lee, M. K., & Zhao, D. (2016). Exploring consumers’ impulse buying behavior on social commerce platform: The role of para-social interaction. International Journal of Information Management, 36(3), 333-347.
  • Yang, W., & Sia, C. L. (2018, July). Why blogger sells: An approach from the attachment theory. In International Conference on HCI in Business, Government, and Organizations (pp. 526-535). Springer, Cham.
  • İnternet kaynakları
  • https://www.capital.com.tr/yonetim/pazarlama/unlu-kullanimi-yuzde-70e-ulasti; Erişim tarihi: 07.03.2022
APA Özer M (2022). Ünlü Güvenilirliği Modelinin Ünlülerle Kurulan Para-Sosyal İlişki ve Ünlü-Benlik Bağlantısı Üzerindeki Rolü. , 1153 - 1175. 10.15659/3.sektor-sosyal-ekonomi.22.05.1857
Chicago Özer Mehmet Ünlü Güvenilirliği Modelinin Ünlülerle Kurulan Para-Sosyal İlişki ve Ünlü-Benlik Bağlantısı Üzerindeki Rolü. (2022): 1153 - 1175. 10.15659/3.sektor-sosyal-ekonomi.22.05.1857
MLA Özer Mehmet Ünlü Güvenilirliği Modelinin Ünlülerle Kurulan Para-Sosyal İlişki ve Ünlü-Benlik Bağlantısı Üzerindeki Rolü. , 2022, ss.1153 - 1175. 10.15659/3.sektor-sosyal-ekonomi.22.05.1857
AMA Özer M Ünlü Güvenilirliği Modelinin Ünlülerle Kurulan Para-Sosyal İlişki ve Ünlü-Benlik Bağlantısı Üzerindeki Rolü. . 2022; 1153 - 1175. 10.15659/3.sektor-sosyal-ekonomi.22.05.1857
Vancouver Özer M Ünlü Güvenilirliği Modelinin Ünlülerle Kurulan Para-Sosyal İlişki ve Ünlü-Benlik Bağlantısı Üzerindeki Rolü. . 2022; 1153 - 1175. 10.15659/3.sektor-sosyal-ekonomi.22.05.1857
IEEE Özer M "Ünlü Güvenilirliği Modelinin Ünlülerle Kurulan Para-Sosyal İlişki ve Ünlü-Benlik Bağlantısı Üzerindeki Rolü." , ss.1153 - 1175, 2022. 10.15659/3.sektor-sosyal-ekonomi.22.05.1857
ISNAD Özer, Mehmet. "Ünlü Güvenilirliği Modelinin Ünlülerle Kurulan Para-Sosyal İlişki ve Ünlü-Benlik Bağlantısı Üzerindeki Rolü". (2022), 1153-1175. https://doi.org/10.15659/3.sektor-sosyal-ekonomi.22.05.1857
APA Özer M (2022). Ünlü Güvenilirliği Modelinin Ünlülerle Kurulan Para-Sosyal İlişki ve Ünlü-Benlik Bağlantısı Üzerindeki Rolü. Üçüncü Sektör Sosyal Ekonomi, 57(2), 1153 - 1175. 10.15659/3.sektor-sosyal-ekonomi.22.05.1857
Chicago Özer Mehmet Ünlü Güvenilirliği Modelinin Ünlülerle Kurulan Para-Sosyal İlişki ve Ünlü-Benlik Bağlantısı Üzerindeki Rolü. Üçüncü Sektör Sosyal Ekonomi 57, no.2 (2022): 1153 - 1175. 10.15659/3.sektor-sosyal-ekonomi.22.05.1857
MLA Özer Mehmet Ünlü Güvenilirliği Modelinin Ünlülerle Kurulan Para-Sosyal İlişki ve Ünlü-Benlik Bağlantısı Üzerindeki Rolü. Üçüncü Sektör Sosyal Ekonomi, vol.57, no.2, 2022, ss.1153 - 1175. 10.15659/3.sektor-sosyal-ekonomi.22.05.1857
AMA Özer M Ünlü Güvenilirliği Modelinin Ünlülerle Kurulan Para-Sosyal İlişki ve Ünlü-Benlik Bağlantısı Üzerindeki Rolü. Üçüncü Sektör Sosyal Ekonomi. 2022; 57(2): 1153 - 1175. 10.15659/3.sektor-sosyal-ekonomi.22.05.1857
Vancouver Özer M Ünlü Güvenilirliği Modelinin Ünlülerle Kurulan Para-Sosyal İlişki ve Ünlü-Benlik Bağlantısı Üzerindeki Rolü. Üçüncü Sektör Sosyal Ekonomi. 2022; 57(2): 1153 - 1175. 10.15659/3.sektor-sosyal-ekonomi.22.05.1857
IEEE Özer M "Ünlü Güvenilirliği Modelinin Ünlülerle Kurulan Para-Sosyal İlişki ve Ünlü-Benlik Bağlantısı Üzerindeki Rolü." Üçüncü Sektör Sosyal Ekonomi, 57, ss.1153 - 1175, 2022. 10.15659/3.sektor-sosyal-ekonomi.22.05.1857
ISNAD Özer, Mehmet. "Ünlü Güvenilirliği Modelinin Ünlülerle Kurulan Para-Sosyal İlişki ve Ünlü-Benlik Bağlantısı Üzerindeki Rolü". Üçüncü Sektör Sosyal Ekonomi 57/2 (2022), 1153-1175. https://doi.org/10.15659/3.sektor-sosyal-ekonomi.22.05.1857