Yıl: 2022 Cilt: 10 Sayı: 2 Sayfa Aralığı: 596 - 613 Metin Dili: İngilizce DOI: 10.15320/ICONARP.2022.217 İndeks Tarihi: 03-01-2023

What Fundamental Indicators Should Be Used to Measure the Change in the Historic Urban Landscape Approach?

Öz:
Historic Urban Landscape (HUL) identifies an urban area due to its cultural and natural values and the qualities of its historical plane. Within this context, this article aims to determine and categorize these values used in the HUL approach as indicators. The research question focuses on finding specific indicators used in the HUL approach to measuring change beyond considering natural and cultural heritage values in the landscape context. These indicators in 228 peer-reviewed publications implementing the HUL from 2008 to 2021 are assessed. The six-step inclusive and exclusive theoretical framework is established as a method in this article to detect the inadequate implementations of HUL in case studies. The initial finding of this article is that the adequacy of using the HUL approach in publications is questionable as the implementation of the HUL approach processes was incomplete or misunderstood in most of them. Only 29 articles of the 228 publications implemented the HUL approach in its entirety. The other finding is that when the change measurement indicators in the HUL approach are examined, it is evident that natural indicators were the least used group compared to cultural and identity indicators. Each cultural, natural, and identity indicator group should be utilized evenly to implement the HUL approach adequately. This article presents a fundamental indicator list that includes cultural, natural, and identity groups for correctly using the HUL approach. 
Anahtar Kelime: Heritage indicators historic urban landscape landscape context limits of change

Belge Türü: Makale Makale Türü: Araştırma Makalesi Erişim Türü: Erişime Açık
  • Bandarin, F. (2014). Introduction. Reconnecting the City: The Historic Urban Landscape Approach and the Future of Urban Heritage, 9781118383988, pp. 1–16. doi:10.1002/9781118383940.ch0
  • Bandarin, F., & van Oers, R. (2012). The historic urban landscape: Managing heritage in an urban century. The historic urban landscape: Managing heritage in an urban century. doi:10.1002/9781119968115
  • Bengtsson, M. (2016). How to plan and perform a qualitative study using content analysis. Nursing Plus Open. 2. 10.1016/j.npls.2016.01.001.
  • Berg, S. K. (2018). "Conditional values of urban heritage: context and scale," Journal of Cultural Heritage Management and Sustainable Development, 8(1), 17–29.
  • Bonadei, R., Cisani, M., & Viani, E. (2017). "City Walls as Historic Urban Landscape: a Case Study on Participatory Education," Almatourism. Journal of Tourism, Culture, and Territorial Development, 8(7), 75–88. http://doi.org/10.6092/issn.2036-5195/6756
  • Buckley, K., Cooke, S., & Fayad, S. (2016). Using the historic urban landscape to re-imagine Ballarat: The local context. Urban heritage, development, and sustainability: International frameworks, national and local governance (pp. 93-113) doi:10.4324/9781315728018
  • Carone, P., De Toro, P., & Franciosa, A. (2017). Evaluation of urban processes on health in historic urban landscape approach: Experimentation in the metropolitan area of Naples (Italy). Quality Innovation Prosperity, 21(1), 202-222. doi:10.12776/QIP.V21I1.793
  • Colavitti, A. M., & Serra, S. (2020). Non-financial compensation for the redevelopment of the historic urban landscape: The case study of Villasor in Sardinia (Italy). City, Territory and Architecture, 7(1) doi:10.1186/s40410-020-00124-9
  • De Medici, S., Riganti, P., & Viola, S. (2018). Circular economy and the role of universities in urban regeneration: The case of Ortygia, Syracuse. Sustainability (Switzerland), 10(11) doi:10.3390/su10114305
  • De Rosa, F., & Di Palma, M. (2013). Historic urban landscape approach and port cities regeneration: Naples between identity and outlook. Sustainability (Switzerland), 5(10), 4268-4287. doi:10.3390/su5104268
  • Dhingra, M., & Chattopadhyay, S. (2021). A fuzzy approach for assessment of smart socio-cultural attributes of a historic urban landscape: A case study of Alwar walled city in India. Sustainable Cities and Society, p. 69 doi:10.1016/j.scs.2021.102855
  • Edmiston, J. T., Hyman, G., McNeely, J. A. & Trzyna, T. (2014). Urban protected areas Profiles and Best Practice Guidelines Series No. 22, Gland, Switzerland: IUCN. pp. xiv + 110pp.
  • EU (2000). European Landscape Convention. Strasbourg: Council of Europe Publishing.
  • EU (2005). Council of Europe Framework Convention on the Value of Cultural Heritage for Society, Faro.
  • Fabbricatti, K., & Biancamano, P. F. (2019), "Circular Economy and Resilience Thinking for Historic Urban Landscape Regeneration: The Case of Torre Annunziata, Naples", Sustainability (Switzerland), 11(12), art. no 3391. http://doi.org/10.3390/su11123391
  • Fowler, (2003). World Heritage Cultural Landscapes 1992-2002, UNESCO World Heritage Centre, Paris.
  • Garau, C., Annunziata, A., & Yamu, C. (2020). The multi-method tool 'PAST' for evaluating cultural routes in historical cities: Evidence from Cagliari, Italy. Sustainability (Switzerland), 12(12) doi:10.3390/SU12145513
  • Giuliani, F., De Paoli, R. G., & Di Miceli, E. (2021). A risk-reduction framework for urban cultural heritage: A comparative study on Italian historic centres. Journal of Cultural Heritage Management and Sustainable Development, doi:10.1108/JCHMSD-07-2020-0099
  • Hill, M. J., & Tanaka, M. (2016). Entrepreneurial heritage: Historic urban landscapes and the politics of "comprehensive development" in post-soviet Cuba. Urban heritage, development, and sustainability: International frameworks, national and local governance (pp. 214-231) doi:10.4324/9781315728018
  • Hussein, F., Stephens, J., & Tiwari, R. (2020). Memory for social sustainability: Recalling cultural memories in Zanqit Alsitat historical street market, Alexandria, Egypt. Sustainability (Switzerland), 12(19) doi:10.3390/su12198141
  • IUCN & ICOMOS (2017). Connecting Practice Phase II: Final Report.
  • Ji, X., Shao, L., & Du, Y. (2020). Collaborating with local communities to identify improvement priorities for historic urban landscape based on residents' satisfaction: An application of asymmetric impact-performance analysis in Dandong, China. Sustainability (Switzerland), 12(4), 1-16. doi:10.3390/su12041463
  • Kashihara, S. (2021). Redefining urban heritage value for Hanoi trade streets. Journal of Cultural Heritage Management and Sustainable Development, 11(1), 78-94. doi:10.1108/JCHMSD-11-2019-0147
  • Klingmann, A. (2021). Re-scripting Riyadh's historical downtown as a global destination: A sustainable model? Journal of Place Management and Development, doi:10.1108/JPMD-07-2020-0071
  • Kırmızı, O. & Karaman, A. (2021). A participatory planning model in the context of Historic Urban Landscape: The case of Kyrenia's Historic Port Area. Land Use Policy, 102. doi: 10.1016/j.landusepol.2020.105130
  • Kudumovic, L. (2015). "Toward historic urban landscape approach: Serial properties along the Bosna River," Open House International, 40(4), 37–43.
  • Margottini, C. (2015). "Engineering geology in shaping and preserving the historic urban landscapes and cultural heritage: Achievements in UNESCO world heritage sites," in Lollino, G., Giordan, D., Marunteanu, C., Christaras, B., Yoshinori, I., and Margottini, C. (Eds.), Engineering Geology for Society and Territory – Volume 8: Preservation of Cultural Heritage, Springer, Cham, pp. 1–28.
  • Martinez, G.P. (2017), "Urban authenticity at stake: A new framework for its definition from the perspective of heritage at the Shanghai Music Valley," Cities, 70, 55–64.
  • Melnick R.Z. (1984). Cultural Landscapes: Rural Historic Districts in the National Park System, Washington DC: US Department of the Interior, National Park Service.
  • Moertiningsih, S., Nurgandarum, D., & Nurfanty, O. (2020). Sense of place dynamics in historic city centre of Tangerang. International Journal of Scientific and Technology Research, 9(3), 2095-2099.
  • Muminovic, E., Radosavljević, U., & Beganović, D. (2020). Strategic planning and management model for the regeneration of historic urban landscapes: The case of historic center of Novi Pazar in Serbia. Sustainability (Switzerland), 12(4) doi:10.3390/su12041323
  • Murphy, A., Dahlhaus, P., & Thompson, H. (2016). "Historic Urban Landscapes and Visualising Ballarat: Citizen Participation for Sustainable Urban Planning and Design, in Both, A., Duckham, M. and Kealy, A. (Eds.), CEUR Workshop Proceedings, 1570, CEUR-WS, Melbourne, pp. 41–46.
  • Oumelkheir, B., & Nadia, D. (2021). Assessment process in the delimitation of historic urban landscape of Algiers by AHP. Miscellanea Geographica, 25(2), 110-126. doi:10.2478/mgrsd-2020-0053
  • Pintossi, N., Ikiz Kaya, D., & Pereira Roders, A. (2021 a). Assessing cultural heritage adaptive reuse practices: multi-scale challenges and solutions in Rijeka. Sustainability (Switzerland), 13(7) doi:10.3390/su13073603
  • Pintossi, N., Ikiz Kaya, D., & Pereira Roders, A. (2021 b). Identifying challenges and solutions in cultural heritage adaptive reuse through the historic urban landscape approach in Amsterdam. Sustainability (Switzerland), 13(10) doi:10.3390/su13105547
  • Psarra, S. (2018). The role of spatial networks in the historic urban landscape: Learning from Venice in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries. Historic Environment: Policy and Practice, 9(3-4), pp. 249–273. doi:10.1080/17567505.2018.1516380
  • Rey Perez, J., & Dominguez Ruiz, V. (2020). Multidisciplinary, citizen participation and geographic information system, cross-cutting strategies for sustainable development in rural heritage. The case study of Valverde de Burguillos (Spain). Sustainability (Switzerland), 12(22), 1-31. doi:10.3390/su12229628
  • Rey Perez, J., & Martinez, G. P. (2018). "Lights and shadows over the Recommendation on the Historic Urban Landscape: "managing change" in Ballarat and Cuenca through a radical approach focused on values and authenticity," International Journal of Heritage Studies, 24(1), 101–116.
  • Rey Perez, J. & Pereira Roders, A. (2020). Historic urban landscape: A systematic review, eight years after the adoption of the HUL approach. Journal of Cultural Heritage Management and Sustainable Development. doi:10.1108/JCHMSD-05-2018-0036.
  • Rey Perez, J., & Siguencia Avila, M. E. (2017). Historic urban landscape: An approach for sustainable management in Cuenca (Ecuador). Journal of Cultural Heritage Management and Sustainable Development, 7(3), 308-327. doi:10.1108/JCHMSD-12-2016-0064
  • Rey-Perez, J., & Valencia Avellán, D. (2018). "Towards the implementation of The Historic Urban Landscape approach in the Guayaquil waterfront (Ecuador): A scoping Case Study," The Historic Environment: Policy and Practice, 9(3-4), 349–375.
  • Rodwell, D. (2018). "The Historic Urban Landscape and the Geography of Urban Heritage," The Historic Environment: Policy& Practice, 9(3-4), 180–206.
  • Shin, H. S., Chen, Y., Lee, W. H., & Kim, D. H. (2015). Sustainability of historical landscape to Gwanghalluwon garden in Namwon city, Korea. Sustainability (Switzerland), 7(7), 8565–8586. doi:10.3390/su7078565
  • Siguencia Avila, M. E., & Rey Pérez, J. (2016). Heritage values protection, from the monument to the urban dimension. Case study: The historic centre of Santa Ana de Los Ríos de Cuenca, Ecuador. Historic Environment: Policy and Practice, 7(2), 164-176. doi:10.1080/17567505.2016.1172785
  • Sil Shin, H., Chen, Y., Ho Lee, W., & Hyun Kim, D. (2015). "Sustainability of Historical Landscape to Gwanghalluwon Garden in Namwon City, Korea," Sustainability, 7, 8565–8586. http://doi.org/10.3390/su7078565
  • Siravo, F. (2015), "Planning and Managing Historic Urban Landscapes", in F. Bandarín and R. van Oers (Eds.), Reconnecting the City. The Historic Urban Landscape Approach and the Future of Urban Heritage, John Wiley and Sons, Ltd., Chichester, pp. 161–202.
  • Taha, S. (2014). "Still a place to call home? Development and the changing character of place", Historic Environment: Policy and Practice, 5(1), 17–35.
  • Trzyna, T. (2017). Connecting people, nature, and culture through metropolitan conservation alliances. Background paper for a workshop at the 2017 George Wright Society Conference on Parks, Protected Areas, and Cultural Sites, Norfolk, Virginia, April 2017: "Making nature-culture connections by broadening metropolitan conservation alliances."
  • UNESCO, (1992). Cultural Landscapes, Paris.
  • UNESCO, (2008). Guidelines On the Inscription of Specific Types of Properties on the World Heritage List, Paris.
  • UNESCO, (2010). Managing Historic Cities. Paris.
  • UNESCO, (2011). Recommendation On the Historic Urban Landscape, Paris.
  • Verdini, G., Frassoldati, F., & Nolf, C. (2017). Reframing China's heritage conservation discourse. Learning by testing civic engagement tools in a historic rural village. International Journal of Heritage Studies, 23(4), 317-334. doi:10.1080/13527258.2016.1269358
  • Von Oers, R. (2014). Conclusion: The Way Forward: An Agenda for Reconnecting the City in Reconnecting the City: The Historic Urban Landscape Approach and the Future of Urban Heritage. Editor: Francesco Bandarin ve Ron Von Oers. pp. 317.
  • Wang, S. & Gu, K. (2020). Pingyao: The historic urban landscape and planning for heritage-led urban changes. Cities, 97, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cities. 2019.102489
  • Wang, S., Jiang, Y., Xu, Y., Zhang, L., Li, X., & Zhu, L. (2019). Sustainability of historical heritage: The conservation of the Xi'an city wall. Sustainability (Switzerland), 11(3) doi:10.3390/su11030740
  • WHL & UNESCO (2019). Operational Guidelines for the Implementation of the World Heritage Convention. Paris.
  • Yan, S. (2018). "HUL and Conservation of the Historic City of Kulangsu: A Scoping Case" The Historic Environment: Policy and Practice, (9:3-4) pp.376–388.
  • Yang, M., Brumana, R., & Previtali, M. (2019). "Heritage and Development" Strategy on Historic Urban Landscape (HUL): The added value of multi-Temporal hub application," ISPRS Annals of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences, 42(2/W11), pp. 1151–1158. Citing a Group or Organisation: (International Citation Association, 2020)
APA Koyunoglu A, zeren gulersoy n (2022). What Fundamental Indicators Should Be Used to Measure the Change in the Historic Urban Landscape Approach?. , 596 - 613. 10.15320/ICONARP.2022.217
Chicago Koyunoglu Aysen Balin,zeren gulersoy nuran What Fundamental Indicators Should Be Used to Measure the Change in the Historic Urban Landscape Approach?. (2022): 596 - 613. 10.15320/ICONARP.2022.217
MLA Koyunoglu Aysen Balin,zeren gulersoy nuran What Fundamental Indicators Should Be Used to Measure the Change in the Historic Urban Landscape Approach?. , 2022, ss.596 - 613. 10.15320/ICONARP.2022.217
AMA Koyunoglu A,zeren gulersoy n What Fundamental Indicators Should Be Used to Measure the Change in the Historic Urban Landscape Approach?. . 2022; 596 - 613. 10.15320/ICONARP.2022.217
Vancouver Koyunoglu A,zeren gulersoy n What Fundamental Indicators Should Be Used to Measure the Change in the Historic Urban Landscape Approach?. . 2022; 596 - 613. 10.15320/ICONARP.2022.217
IEEE Koyunoglu A,zeren gulersoy n "What Fundamental Indicators Should Be Used to Measure the Change in the Historic Urban Landscape Approach?." , ss.596 - 613, 2022. 10.15320/ICONARP.2022.217
ISNAD Koyunoglu, Aysen Balin - zeren gulersoy, nuran. "What Fundamental Indicators Should Be Used to Measure the Change in the Historic Urban Landscape Approach?". (2022), 596-613. https://doi.org/10.15320/ICONARP.2022.217
APA Koyunoglu A, zeren gulersoy n (2022). What Fundamental Indicators Should Be Used to Measure the Change in the Historic Urban Landscape Approach?. ICONARP International Journal Of Architecture And Planning, 10(2), 596 - 613. 10.15320/ICONARP.2022.217
Chicago Koyunoglu Aysen Balin,zeren gulersoy nuran What Fundamental Indicators Should Be Used to Measure the Change in the Historic Urban Landscape Approach?. ICONARP International Journal Of Architecture And Planning 10, no.2 (2022): 596 - 613. 10.15320/ICONARP.2022.217
MLA Koyunoglu Aysen Balin,zeren gulersoy nuran What Fundamental Indicators Should Be Used to Measure the Change in the Historic Urban Landscape Approach?. ICONARP International Journal Of Architecture And Planning, vol.10, no.2, 2022, ss.596 - 613. 10.15320/ICONARP.2022.217
AMA Koyunoglu A,zeren gulersoy n What Fundamental Indicators Should Be Used to Measure the Change in the Historic Urban Landscape Approach?. ICONARP International Journal Of Architecture And Planning. 2022; 10(2): 596 - 613. 10.15320/ICONARP.2022.217
Vancouver Koyunoglu A,zeren gulersoy n What Fundamental Indicators Should Be Used to Measure the Change in the Historic Urban Landscape Approach?. ICONARP International Journal Of Architecture And Planning. 2022; 10(2): 596 - 613. 10.15320/ICONARP.2022.217
IEEE Koyunoglu A,zeren gulersoy n "What Fundamental Indicators Should Be Used to Measure the Change in the Historic Urban Landscape Approach?." ICONARP International Journal Of Architecture And Planning, 10, ss.596 - 613, 2022. 10.15320/ICONARP.2022.217
ISNAD Koyunoglu, Aysen Balin - zeren gulersoy, nuran. "What Fundamental Indicators Should Be Used to Measure the Change in the Historic Urban Landscape Approach?". ICONARP International Journal Of Architecture And Planning 10/2 (2022), 596-613. https://doi.org/10.15320/ICONARP.2022.217