Effects of seed sowing methods on emergence and seedling growth of some Rhododendron species
Yıl: 2021 Cilt: 36 Sayı: 3 Sayfa Aralığı: 408 - 417 Metin Dili: İngilizce DOI: 10.7161/omuanajas.911128 İndeks Tarihi: 16-01-2023
Effects of seed sowing methods on emergence and seedling growth of some Rhododendron species
Öz: This study was conducted to determine the effects of different seed sowing methods on emergence rate, densities of seedling emergence and seedling growth of five Rhododendron species (Rhododednron ponticum L., R. luteum Sweet, R. caucasicum Pallas, R. simirnowii Trautv and R. ungernii Trautv). Four different sowing methods were tested, namely manual sowing in row (control), mixing with plant agar, mixing with Murashige and Skoog Basal medium (MS) and mixing with stream sand. The highest seed emergence rates were obtained by manual sowing in row (control) with R. ponticum species (76%) followed by R. luteum (66.6%), R. smirnowii (55.33%), R. ungernii (24%) and R. caucasicum (15.33%), respectively. Similarly, the values closest to ideal seed distribution for homogenous seedling density were obtained by hand-sowing in row method. The highest seedling height was obtained in MS medium with R. ponticum (2.11 cm), followed by R. luteum (3.08 cm), R. smirnowii (4.07 cm), and R. ungernii (1.39 cm), while the effect of seeding method on seedling growth of R. caucasicum species was not significant. To conclude, the best homogeneous distribution of seedling emergence densities of Rhododendron species was obtained by controlled manual seeding method. However, the seed sowing with MS mixing increased significantly seedling growth in all Rhododendron species.
Anahtar Kelime: Farklı Tohum Ekim Yöntemlerinin Orman Gülü (Rhododendron ssp.) Tohumlarının Çıkışları ve Fide Gelişimi Üzerine Etkileri
Öz: Pallas, R. simirnovii Trautv ve R. ungernii Trautv) tohumlarınına uygulanan farklı tohum ekim yöntemlerinin çıkış süresi, fide çıkış sıklıkları ve bitki büyümesine olan etkilerini belirlemek amacıyla yürütülmüştür. Ekim yöntemi olarak, elle sıraya ekme (kontrol), plant agar ile karıştırma, MS ile karıştırma ve dere kumu ile karıştırma olmak üzere dört farklı tohum ekim yöntemi denenmiştir. Araştırmamız sonucunda, en yüksek tohum çıkışı oranları R. ponticum türünde %76, R. luteum % 66.6, R. smirnovii %55.33, R. ungernii %24 ve R. caucasicum %15.33 olarak elle sıraya ekme (kontrol) uygulamasından elde edilmiştir. Benzer şekilde, homojen fide sıklığı bakımından da ideal tohum dağılımına en yakın değerler elle sıraya ekme yönteminden elde edilmiştir. Fide boylarında en iyi sonuç R. ponticum (2.11 cm), R. luteum (3.08 cm), R. smirnovii (4.07 cm), R. ungernii (1.39 cm) türlerinde MS ortamından alınmışken, R. caucasicum türünde tohum ekim yönteminin fide gelişimi üzerine etkisi olmamıştır. Sonuç olarak orman gülü türlerinin generatif yöntemle çoğaltılmasında fide çıkış sıklıklarının homejen olarak dağılması için elle kontrollü bir şekilde ekim yönteminin en iyi sonucu verdiği halde, MS ile karıştırarak yapılan tohum ekim yönteminin tüm Rhododendron türlerinde fide gelişimini dikkat çekici bir oranda arttırdığı belirlenmiştir.
Anahtar Kelime: Belge Türü: Makale Makale Türü: Araştırma Makalesi Erişim Türü: Erişime Açık
- Altun, B., 2011. Collection and Cultivation of Turkey Rhododendrons. PhD Thesis. Ondokuzmayıs University Institute of Science, p.244. Samsun.
- Altun, B., Çelik, H., 2016. Determination Of Propagation Performance From Seeds In Rhododendron Species. VII International Scientific Agriculture Symposium, 889-894, October 06 – 09, Jahorina.
- Arocha, L.O., Blazich, F.A., Warren, S.L., Thetford, M., Berry, J.B., 1999. Seed germination of Rhododendron chapmanii: influence of light and temperature. Journal of Environmental Horticulture, 17(4):193-196.
- Basnet, D.B., 2005. Seed collection and cultivation of Rhododendron arboreum Smith. Indian Journal of Forestry, 28(3):239-242.
- Chang, L., Le, S.J., Qing, L.X., Si, H.L., Ping, C.S., Zheng, X., Fa, X.C., 2015. Effects of drought stress on seed germination and seedling physiological characteristics of Rhododendron latoucheae. Acta Botanica BorealiOccidentalia Sinica, 35(7):1421-1427.
- Chen, L.L., Sheng, W.C., 2017. Influence of light intensity and photoperiod on the seed germination of four Rhododendron species in Taiwan. Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences, 20(5): 253-259.
- Cullen, J., 2005. Hardy Rhododendron Species A Guide to Identification. Timber Press, Inc, p. 496.
- Elmongy, M.S., Zhoua, H., Caoa, Y., Liua, B., Xiaa, Y., 2018. The effect of humic acid on endogenous hormone levels and antioxidant enzyme activity during in vitro rooting of evergreen azalea. Scientia Horticulturae, 227, 234–243.
- Francon, L., Corona, C., Roussel, E., Saez, J.L., Stoffel, M., 2017. Warm summers and moderate winter precipitation boost Rhododendron ferrugineum L. growth in the Taillefer massif (French Alps). Science of the Total Environment, 586, 1020–1031.
- Georgian, E., Fang, Z., Emshwiller1, E., Pidgeon, A., 2015. The Pollination Ecology of Rhododendron floccigerum Franchet (Ericaceae) In Weixi, Yunnan Province, China. Journal of Pollination Ecology, 16(11):72-81.
- Glenn, C.T., Blazich, F.A., Warren, S.L., 1999. Secondary seed dormancy of Rhododendron catawbiense and Rhododendron maximum. Journal of Environmental Horticulture, 17(1):1-4.
- Hay, F., Klin, J., Probert, R., 2006. Can a post-harvest ripening treatment extend the longevity of Rhododendron L. seeds?. Scientia Horticulturae, 111: 80–83.
- Jin, P.F., Bian, C.M., Yang, W., Ke, J.M., 2007. Seed breeding and sapling transplantation of Rhododendron fortunei in Linhai. Journal of Zhejiang Forestry Science and Technology, 27(2):34-36.
- Juan, Z.X., Ming, Z.Y., Man, L.J., Ming, Z.Y., Zhong, H.C., 2014. Effects of storage temperature and time on seed germination of Rhododendron delavayi. Journal of Southwest Forestry University, 34(5):59-63.
- Kanmaz, E., 2013. A study on propagation of sand lily (Pancratium maritimum L.) by seed in vivo and in vitro conditions. Master Thesis. Adnan Menderes University Institute of Science, p. 79. Aydın.
- Li, Z.J., Wen, W.Y., Zhi, W.H., Zhou, Z.H., Yue, W.Y., 2012. Studies on seed germination of four species of Subgen. Hymenanthes (Blume) K. Koch (Ericaceae) in Yunnan. Journal of Yunnan Agricultural University, 27(6) 875-881.
- Li, S., Sun, W., Ma., 2018. Does the giant tree Rhododendron need conservation priority?. Global Ecology and Conservation, 15, e00421.
- Murashige, T., Skoog, F., 1962. A revised medium for rapid growth and bioassays with tobacco tissue cultures. Physiol. Plant, 15:473-497.
- Milne, R. I., Abbott, J.R., Wolff, K., Chamberlain, D.F., 1999. Hybridization among Sympatric Species of Rhododendron (Ericaceae) In Turkey: Morphological and Molecular Evidence. American Journal of Botany, 86(12): 1776-1785.
- Pan, L., Min, G.X., Na, L., 2018. Effects of irradiation on Rhododendron seed germination and seedling growth under saline and alkaline stress. Journal of Southern Agriculture, 49(3): 516-524.
- Parmar, G., Pant, B., 2015. In vitro seed germination and seedling development of Coelogyne flaccida Lindl. (Orchidaceae). Advances in Forestry Science, 2(4): 85-88.
- Ryabova, N.V., Zueva, E.N., 1993. Propagation and growing of ornamental shrubs with small seeds. Byulleten' Glavnogo Botanicheskogo Sada, 167:8-13.
- Sağlam S., 2009. Research on Obtaining Transgenic Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) Plants Resistant to Seed Insects (Bruchidae: Coleoptera). PhD Thesis. Ankara University, p.108. Ankara.
- Sakharova, S.G., 1993. Laboratory germination of Rhododendron seeds. Byulleten' Glavnogo Botanicheskogo Sada, 167:124-129.
- Shen, S.K., Wu, F.Q., Yang, G.S., Wang, Y.H., Sun, W.B., 2015. Seed germination and seedling emergence in the extremely endangered species Rhododendron protistum var.giganteum—the world’s largest Rhododendron. Flora, 216:65–70.
- Tewari, B., Tewari, A., 2019. Capsule maturation timing in Rhododendron arboreum Smith in the Central Himalayan Region. Indian Journal of Ecology, 46(4):768-771.
- Tiwari, O.N., Chauhan, U.K., 2007. Seed germination studies in Rhododendron maddenii Hook. f. and Rhododendron niveum Hook. f. Indian Journal of Plant Physiology, 12(1):50-56.
- Vipasha Sanyam, Kaler, N.S., 2018. Pre-sowing seed treatment effect on germination behaviour of Rhododendron. Journal of Hill Agriculture, 9(2):244-246.
- Vologdina, O.S., 2006. Biology of Rhododendron dauricum, R. mucronulatum and R. sichotense (Ericaceae) seeds germination. Rastitel'nye Resursy, 42(2):55-60.
- Weia, X., Chenb, J., Zhangc, C., Wanga, Z., 2018. In vitro shoot culture of Rhododendron fortunei: An important plant for bioactive phytochemicals. Industrial Crops & Products, 126, 459–465.
- Yıldız, B., Aktoklu, E., 2010. Plant Systematics from the First Terrestrial Plant one dicotyledons. Palme Publishing, Ankara.
- Zhang, J.L., Ma, Y.P., Wu, Z.K., Dong, K., Zheng, S.L., Wang, Y.Y., 2017. Natural hybridization and introgression among sympatrically distributed Rhododendron species in Guizhou, China. Biochemical Systematics and Ecology, 70, 268-273.
| APA | yucel yazıcı t, Altun B (2021). Effects of seed sowing methods on emergence and seedling growth of some Rhododendron species. , 408 - 417. 10.7161/omuanajas.911128 |
| Chicago | yucel yazıcı tugba,,Altun Bahadır Effects of seed sowing methods on emergence and seedling growth of some Rhododendron species. (2021): 408 - 417. 10.7161/omuanajas.911128 |
| MLA | yucel yazıcı tugba,,Altun Bahadır Effects of seed sowing methods on emergence and seedling growth of some Rhododendron species. , 2021, ss.408 - 417. 10.7161/omuanajas.911128 |
| AMA | yucel yazıcı t,Altun B Effects of seed sowing methods on emergence and seedling growth of some Rhododendron species. . 2021; 408 - 417. 10.7161/omuanajas.911128 |
| Vancouver | yucel yazıcı t,Altun B Effects of seed sowing methods on emergence and seedling growth of some Rhododendron species. . 2021; 408 - 417. 10.7161/omuanajas.911128 |
| IEEE | yucel yazıcı t,Altun B "Effects of seed sowing methods on emergence and seedling growth of some Rhododendron species." , ss.408 - 417, 2021. 10.7161/omuanajas.911128 |
| ISNAD | yucel yazıcı, tugba, - Altun, Bahadır. "Effects of seed sowing methods on emergence and seedling growth of some Rhododendron species". (2021), 408-417. https://doi.org/10.7161/omuanajas.911128 |
| APA | yucel yazıcı t, Altun B (2021). Effects of seed sowing methods on emergence and seedling growth of some Rhododendron species. Anadolu Tarım Bilimleri Dergisi, 36(3), 408 - 417. 10.7161/omuanajas.911128 |
| Chicago | yucel yazıcı tugba,,Altun Bahadır Effects of seed sowing methods on emergence and seedling growth of some Rhododendron species. Anadolu Tarım Bilimleri Dergisi 36, no.3 (2021): 408 - 417. 10.7161/omuanajas.911128 |
| MLA | yucel yazıcı tugba,,Altun Bahadır Effects of seed sowing methods on emergence and seedling growth of some Rhododendron species. Anadolu Tarım Bilimleri Dergisi, vol.36, no.3, 2021, ss.408 - 417. 10.7161/omuanajas.911128 |
| AMA | yucel yazıcı t,Altun B Effects of seed sowing methods on emergence and seedling growth of some Rhododendron species. Anadolu Tarım Bilimleri Dergisi. 2021; 36(3): 408 - 417. 10.7161/omuanajas.911128 |
| Vancouver | yucel yazıcı t,Altun B Effects of seed sowing methods on emergence and seedling growth of some Rhododendron species. Anadolu Tarım Bilimleri Dergisi. 2021; 36(3): 408 - 417. 10.7161/omuanajas.911128 |
| IEEE | yucel yazıcı t,Altun B "Effects of seed sowing methods on emergence and seedling growth of some Rhododendron species." Anadolu Tarım Bilimleri Dergisi, 36, ss.408 - 417, 2021. 10.7161/omuanajas.911128 |
| ISNAD | yucel yazıcı, tugba, - Altun, Bahadır. "Effects of seed sowing methods on emergence and seedling growth of some Rhododendron species". Anadolu Tarım Bilimleri Dergisi 36/3 (2021), 408-417. https://doi.org/10.7161/omuanajas.911128 |
