Yıl: 2015 Cilt: 11 Sayı: 42 Sayfa Aralığı: 1 - 40 Metin Dili: Türkçe İndeks Tarihi: 29-07-2022

MIKTA: A FUNCTIONING PRODUCT OF NEW MIDDLE POWER-ISM?

Öz:
Orta düzeyde güçleri net bir tanımlamaya oturtmak her ne kadar zor olsa da kendilerine özgü nitelikleri üzerinde yoğunlaşmak onları anlamlı kılabilir. Bu kendilerine özgü özelliklerden en fazla öne çıkanı, orta düzeyde güçlerin çok taraflılığıdır. 2000li yıllar orta düzeyde güç- lere uluslararası politikada sadece daha belirleyici bir şekilde etkilerini arttırma imkanı vermemiş, aynı zamanda bu güçlerin çok taraflılık şemalarına da yeni bir perspektif getirmiştir. Bu çalışma, söz konusu perspektifiyeni orta düzeyde güçlenme olarak tanımlamaktadır. Bu perspektiften bakıldığında makale, MIKTA (Meksika, Endonezya, Güney Kore, Türkiye, Avustralya) yapısının yeni orta düzeyde güçlenme çerçevesindeki yerini ve fonksiyonelliğini analiz etmeye çalışmaktadır. Analiz kapsamında MIKTA, orta düzeydeki güçlerin seslerini duyurmak üzere kullandıkları diğer orta düzeyde güç örgütlenmelerinden G20, IBSA ve BRICS ile karşılaştırılmaktadır. Bu çalışmanın sorgulaması, MIKTA gibi tamamen orta düzeyde güçlerden oluşturulmuş ve yeni orta düzeyde güçlenmenin en son eserlerinden olan bir yapının üyelerinin, kurumsal bir çerçeve olmaksızın, güçlerinin kümülatif etkisinden daha fazla bir kurumsal etki sağlayabileyecek olmasıdır.
Anahtar Kelime:

Konular: Siyasi Bilimler Uluslararası İlişkiler

MIKTA: YENİ ORTA DÜZEYDE GÜÇLENMENİN FONKSİYONEL BİR ESERİ?

Öz:
The concept of middle powers is as difficult as ever to define; focusing on what makes them unique is a useful way to try to make sense of them. One such peculiarity is middle power multilateralism. The new millennium has not only allowed middle powers to assert themselves and seek to extend their influence in international politics, but it has also brought a new perspective to middle power multilateralism, which is labeled asnew middle power-ism in this study. This study attempts to analyze the place and functionality of the new grouping MIKTA (Mexico, Indonesia, (South) Korea, Turkey, Australia) in the evolution of new middle power-ism, and compares MIKTA with three significant multilateral structures in which middle powers strive to have their voices heard: G20, IBSA and BRICS. This paper argues that MIKTA, as a pure middle power, multilateral structure, and as the most recent product of newmiddle power-ism, provides a successful institutional framework which increases the influence of its members: the whole of its (burgeoning) cumulative power is greater than the sum of its individual (country) parts.
Anahtar Kelime:

Konular: Siyasi Bilimler Uluslararası İlişkiler
Belge Türü: Makale Makale Türü: Araştırma Makalesi Erişim Türü: Erişime Açık
  • “About IBSA Background”, India-Brazil-South Africa Dialogue Forum official website, _____http://www.ibsa-trilateral.org/about-ibsa/background>, (Date Accessed: 17 May 2015).
  • “About IBSA – Introduction”, India-Brazil-South Africa Dialogue Forum Official Website, _____http://www.ibsa-trilateral.org/> (Date Accessed: 22 May 2015).
  • Acharya, Amitav, “ASEAN and Asia-Pacific Multilateralism: Managing Regional Security”, in Amitav Acharya and Richard Stubbs (Eds.), New Challenges for ASEAN: Emerging Policy Issues, (Vancouver: University of British Columbia Press, 1995).
  • Alden, Chris and Marco Antonio Vieira, “The new diplomacy of the South: South Africa, Brazil, India and Trilateralism”, Third World Quarterly, Vol. 26, No. 7, 2005, pp. 1077–1095, pp. 1077–1095.
  • Alexandroff, Alan S. and John Kirton, “The Emergence of the G20 Leaders’ Summit”, in John Gerard Ruggie (Ed.), Multilateralism Matters: The Theory and Praxis of an Institutional Form, (New York, 1993).
  • Arkhangelskaya, Alexandra A., “IBSA – past? BRICS – future?”, _____http://www.brics5. co.za/assets/AAA2.pdf>, (Date Accessed: 17 May 2015).
  • Australian Government Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade, _____www.dfat.gov. au/>, (Date Accessed: 21 March 2015).
  • Baba, Gürol and Taylan Özgür Kaya, “Testing the Creativity of Kevin Rudd’s Middle Power Diplomacy: EU-Australia Partnership Framework versus the Asia-Pacific Community”, International Relations of the Asia-Pacific, Vol. 14, No. 2, pp. 239- 269.
  • Bouchard, Caroline and John Peterson, “Conceptualising Multilateralism: Can We All Just Get Along”, MERCURY, E-paper No. 1, February 2010, _____http://www.sipri.org/ research/ security/old-pages/euroatlantic/projects/mercury_principal/mercury_ papers/epaper_1> (Date Accessed: 22 May 2015).
  • BRICS Joint Statistical Publications, http://brics6.itamaraty.gov.br/joint-statisticalpublications.
  • Boyraz, Hacı Mehmet, “Coming Closer Via MIKTA: A Start of Economic Cooperation”, _____http://politikaakademisi.org/coming-closer-via-mikta-a-start-of-economic-cooperation/ >, (Date Accessed: 21 March 2015).
  • Butler, Robert J. and Irving Lachow, “Multilateral Approaches for Improving Global Security in Cyberspace”, Georgetown Journal of International Affairs, Special Issue 2012, pp. 5-14.
  • Caporaso, James A., “International Relations Theory and Multilateralism: The Search for Foundations”, International Organization, Vol. 46, No. 3, 1992, pp. 599-632. Chapnick, Adam, “The Middle Power”, Canadian Foreign Policy Journal, Vol. 7, No. 2, 1999, pp. 73-82.
  • Ciorciari, John D., “Chiand Mai Initiative Multilateralization”, Asian Survey, Vol. 51, No. 5, 2011, pp. 926-952.
  • Connelly, Aoron L., “Indonesian Foreign Policy Under President Jokowi”, Lowy Institute for International Policy, 16 October 2014, _____http://www.lowyinstitute.org/publications/ indonesian-foreign-policy-under-president-jokowi>, (Date Accessed: 22 May 2015).
  • Cooper, Andrew F., “Sequeezed or Revitalised? Middle Powers, the G20 and the Evolution of Global Governance”, Third World Quarterly, Vol. 34, No. 6, 2013, pp. 963- 984.
  • Cooper, Andrew F., “Labels Matter: Interpreting Rising States through Acronyms”, in Alan S. Alexandroff and Andrew F. Cooper (Eds.), Rising States, Rising Institutions: Challenges for Global Governance, (Waterloo, Ontario: The Center for International Governance Innovation, 2010).
  • Cooper,Andrew Fenton, Richard A. Higgott and Kim Richard Nossal, Relocating Middle Powers: Australia and Canada in a Changing World Order, (Vancouver/UBC Press, 1993).
  • Cooper, Andrew and Jongryn Mo, “Middle Power Leadership and the Evolution of the G20”, Global Summitry Journal, May 2013, _____http://globalsummitry.org/cgi/viewcontent. cgi?article=1001&context=gsj>, (Date Accessed: 04 April 2015)
  • Cooper, Andrew F. and Jongryn Mo, “Middle Power Leadership and the Evolution of G20”, Hills Governance Center at Yonsei, HGCY Working Paper Series No. 11-02, _____http://csis.org/files/publication/110818_hgcy_working_paper_No_1102.pdf> (Date Accessed: 19 April 2015).
  • Cox, Robert, “Middlepowermanship, Japan and the Future World Order”, International Journal, Vol. 44, No. 4, 1989, pp. 823-862.
  • De Arruda, Pedro Lara and Ashleigh Kate Slingsby, “Digesting the Alphabet Soup: A Comparative Institutional History of IBSA and BRICS”, The International Policy Centre for Inclusive Growth, Research Brief No. 43, June 2014, _____ http://www.ipcundp.org/pub/IPCPolicyResearchBrief43.pdf>, (Date Accessed: 20 June 2015).
  • Douglas, Elena, “MIKTA Narratives: Prosperity, Persuasion and Projection”, Perth USAsia Centre, 2014, _____http: //perthusasia.edu.au/usac/assets/media/docs/publications/Smart-Power-Vol-2_MIKTA.pdf>, (Date Accessed: 20 May 2015).
  • “Dreaming With BRICs: The Path to 2050”, Goldman Sachs, _____http://www. goldmansachs.com/korea/ideas/brics/99-dreaming.pdf>, (Date Accessed: 20 May 2015).
  • Evans, Gareth and Bruce Grant, Australia’s Foreign Relations, (Melbourne: Melbourne University Press, 1991).
  • Fels, Enrico, “Power Shift? Power in International Relations and the Allegiance of Middle Powers”, in Enrico Fels et al. (Ed.), Power in the 21st Century: International Security and International Political Economy in a Changing World, (Heidelberg: Springer, 2012), pp. 3-28.
  • Fensom, Anthony, “Australia Readies for G20 Summit”, The Diplomat, 11 November 2014, _____http://thediplomat.com/ 2014/11/australia-readies-for-g20-summit/>, (Date Accessed: 17 April 2015).
  • “G20 – Argentina”, Babel Monthly Newsletter, _____http://www.babelgroup.co.uk/uimages/File/ Babel%20G20%20Argentina.pdf>, (Date Accessed: 22 May 2015).
  • Glazebrook,G., “The Middle Powers in the United Nations System”, International Organization, Vol. 1, No. 2, 1947, pp. 307-318.
  • Granatstein, J. L. (Ed.), Canadian Foreign Policy Since 1945: Middle Power or Satellite, (Toronto: Copp Clark, 1970).
  • “Gross Domestic Product 2013”, _____http://databank.worldbank.org/data/download/ GDP.pdf>, (Date Accessed: 21 May 2015).
  • Henrikson, A.K., “Middle Powers as Managers: International Mediation within, across and outside Institutions”, in Andrew F. Cooper (Ed.), Niche Diplomacy: Middle Powers after the Cold War, (Basingstoke: Macmillan, 1997), pp. 46–72.
  • Higgott, Richard A. and Andrew Fenton Cooper, “Middle Power Leadership and Coalition Building: Australia, the Cairns Group, and the Uruguay Round of Trade Negotiations”, International Organization, Vol. 44, No. 4, pp. 589-632.
  • Holbraad, Carsten, “The Role of Middle Powers”, Cooperation and Conflict, Vol. 6, No. 1, 1971, pp. 77-90.
  • Ikenberry, G. J., Liberal Order and Imperial Ambition: Essays on American Power and World Politics, (Cambridge and Malden MA: Polity, 2006).
  • “Index of Economic Freedom”, The Heritage Foundation, 2014, _____http://www.heritage. org/index/>, (Date Accessed: 23 May 2015).
  • “Information about BRICS”, _____http://brics6.itamaraty.gov.br/about-brics/informationabout-brics>, (Date Accessed: 22 May 2015).
  • “Joint Article by MIKTA Foreign Ministers Entitled ‘21st Century Global Governance: Rise of the Rest-Cross Regional Networks’” The Daily Sabah, _____http://www.mfa. gov.tr/joint-article-by-mikta-foreign-ministers-entitled-_21st-century-globalgovernance_-rise-of-the -rest_cross-regional-networks_-published-in-the-dailysabah.en.mfa>, (Date Accessed: 21 May 2015).
  • Jordaan, Eduard, “The Concept of a Middle Power in International Relations: Distinguishing between Emerging and Traditional Middle Powers”, Politikon, Vol. 30, No. 2, 2003, pp. 165-181.
  • Kahler, Miles, “Multilateralism with Small and Large Numbers”, International Organization, Vol. 46, No. 3, 1992, pp. 681-708.
  • Karagöl, Erdal Tanas, “Kıtalar Arası Ekonomik İşbirliği: MIKTA”, SETA, August 2014, _____http://file.setav.org/Files/Pdf/20140819155101_kitalar-arasi-ekonomik-isbirligimikta-pdf.pdf>, (Date Accessed: 21 May 2015).
  • Keohane, Robert, “Lilliputians’ Dilemmas: Small States in International Politics”, International Organizations, Vol. 23, No. 2, 1969, pp. 291-310.
  • Keohane, Robert O., “Multilateralism: An Agenda for Research”, International Journal, Vol. 45, No. 4, 1990, pp. 731-764.
  • Ko, Sangtu, “Korea’s Middle Power Activism and Peacekeeping Operations”, Asia Europe Journal, Vol. 10, No. 4, 2012, pp. 287-299.
  • Kornegay, Francis A., “Move over BRICS and IBSA – MIKTA’s here!”, 17 October 2013, _____http://www.safpi.org/worldview/francis-kornegay-jr-move-over-brics-and-ibsamikta-s-here>, (Date Accessed: 21 May 2015).
  • Larson, D. V. and A. Shevchenko, “Status Seekers: Chinese and Russian Responses to U.S. Primacy”, International Security, Vol. 34, No. 4, 2010, pp. 63-95.
  • Lee, Donna, Middle Powers and Commercial Diplomacy: British Influence at the Kennedy Trade Round, (Basingstoke: Palgrave-Macmillan, 1999).
  • Mares, David, “Middle Powers under Regional Hegemony: to Challenge or to Acquiesce in Hegemonic Enforcement”, International Studies Quarterly, Vol. 32, No. 4, 1988, pp. 453-471.
  • Martin, Lisa, “The Rational State Choice of Multilateralism”, in J. G. Ruggie (Ed.), Multilateralism Matters: The Theory and Praxis of Institutional Form, (New York: Columbia University Press, 1993).
  • “Mexico Country Brief”, Australian Government Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade, _____http://www.dfat.gov.au/geo/mexico/mexico_brief.html>, (Date Accessed: 22 May 2015).
  • “Mexico Wants to Boost Strategic Partnership with Turkey, Nieto Says”, _____http://www. todays zaman.com/newsDetail_openPrintPage.action?newsId=334135>, (Date Accessed: 24 May 2015).
  • “MIKTA as a Force for Good”, The World Post, 15 April 2014, _____http://www. huffingtonpost.com/jose-antonio-meade/post_7360_b_5152411.html>, (Date Accessed: 21 May 2015).
  • “MIKTA Countries Choose Geneva to Explain Their Global Agenda”, _____http://www. diplomacy.edu/sites/ default/files/MIKTA.pdf>, (Date Accessed: 24 March 2015).
  • “MIKTA Diplomacy: New Dynamism or More of the Same”, SRE, _____http://mision.sre. gob.mx/ oi/intranet/archivos/Intervention.pdf>, (Date Accessed: 23 May 2015). “MIKTA to Raise “Middle Power Voice””, The Korea Herald, 20 April 2014, _____http:// www.koreaherald.com/view.php?ud=20140420000368>, (Date Accessed: 20 May 2015).
  • “MIKTA’s Foreign Ministers Informal Consultation to Strengthen Multi-Region Cooperation”, Embassy of the Republic of Indonesia, 16 November 2014, _____http://www. kemlu. go.id/mexicocity/Pages/News.aspx?IDP= 7109&l=en>, (Date Accessed: 21 May 2015).
  • “4th MIKTA Foreign Ministers’ Meeting”, Minister of Foreign Affairs of Australia, 26 November 2014, _____http://foreignminister.gov.au/releases/Pages/2014/jb_mr_141126. aspx>, (Date Accessed: 21 March 2015).
  • Missiroli, Antonio and Domhnall O’Sullivan, “BRICS - the Next Layer”, November 2013, _____http://www.iss.europa.eu/uploads/media/Alert_38_Next_BRICS.pdf>, (Date Accessed: 23 March 2015).
  • Neack, Laura, “Linking State Type with Foreign Policy Behavior”, in Laura Neack, Jeanne A. K. Hey and Patrick J. Haney, (Ed.), Foreign Policy Analysis: Continuity and Change in its Second Generation, (New Jersey: Prentice Hall, 1995).
  • Nye, Joseph, “South Korean’s Growing Soft Power,” The Korea Times, 16 November 2009, _____http://www.koreatimes.co.kr/www/news/opinion/2009/11/160_55438. html>, (Date Accessed: 17 May 2015)
  • Oudenaren, John Van, “What is ‘Multilateral’?”, Policy Review, Vol. 117, 2003, pp. 33- 47.
  • Öniş, Ziya and Ali Burak Güven, “The Global Economic Crisis and the Future of Neoliberal Globalization: Rupture versus Continuity”, GLODEM, Working Paper Series 01/2010, _____http://home.ku.edu.tr/~zonis/ONIS_GUVEN_Global%20CrisisNational%20Response s.pdf>, (Date Accessed: 17 April 2015).
  • Pandey, Chandra and Iain Watson, “Public Diplomacy and Bridging in the Climate Change Debate: Assessing South Korea’s Leadership Role in New Middle Power Forums”, The Australian Political Studies Association Annual Conference, University of Sydney Paper, 2014.
  • “Participation by SAM to MIKTA Academicians Seminar”, Center for Strategic Research, _____http://sam.gov.tr/participation-by-sam-to-mikta-academicians-seminar/>, (Date Accessed: 24 May 2015).
  • Pearson, Lester B., “Canada’s Role as a Middle Power”, in J. King Gordon (Ed.), Canada’s Role as a Middle Power, (Toronto: Canadian Institute of International Relations, 1966).
  • Parello-Plesner, Jonas, “KIA – Asia’s Middle Powers on the Rise?”, East Asia Forum, 10 August 2009, _____http: //www.eastasiaforum.org/2009/08/10/kia-asias-middlepowers-on-the-rise/>, (Date Accessed: 21 May 2015).
  • Ping, Jonathan H., Middle Power Statecraft: Indonesia, Malaysia and the Asia-Pacific, (Aldershot: Ashgate, 2005).
  • Ravenhill, John, “Cycles of Middle Power Activism, Constraint and Choice in Australian and Canadian Foreign Policies”, Australian Journal of International Affairs, Vol. 52, No. 3, 1998, pp. 309-327.
  • “Republic of Korea Country Brief”, Australian Government Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade, _____http://www.dfat.gov.au/geo/republic-of-korea/pages/republicof-korea-south-korea-country-brief.aspx>, (Date Accessed: 20 May 2015).
  • Ricci, Alessandra, “Multilateralism 2.0: Finding Some Evidence”, Institute on Cooperative Regional Integration Studies, UNU-CRIS Working Papers W-2014/6, _____http:// www.cris.unu.edu/fileadmin/workingpapers/W-2014-6.pdf>, (Date Accessed: 27 March 2015).
  • “ROK to Host a Meeting on Ways for MIKTA to Contribute to Creating a Better International Community”, 22 August 2014, _____http://www.mofa.go.kr/webmodule/ htsboard/template/ read/engreadboard.jsp?boardid=302&typeID=12&tableName =TYPE_ENGLISH&seqno =314175>, (Date Accessed: 24 March 2015).
  • Roland Berger Trend Compendium 2030, Trend 2: Globalization & Future Markets, Roland Berger Strategy Consultants, May 2014, _____http://www.rolandberger.com/ media/pdf/ Roland_Berger_Trend_Compendium_Globalization_20141107.pdf>, (Date Accessed: 23 March 2015).
  • Rozman, Gilbert, “The Sino-U.S. National Identity Gap, Australia, and the Formation of an Asia-Pacific Community”, Asian Survey, Vol. 54, No. 2, 2014, pp. 343-366.
  • Ruggie, John, “Multilateralism: The Anatomy of an Institution”, International Organization, Vol. 46, No. 3, 1992, pp. 561-598.
  • “S. Korea Agrees with 4 Nations to form Middle-power Group”, Yonhap News Agency, 26 September 2013, _____http://english.yonhapnews.co.kr/national/2013/09/26/0301000000 AEN20130926009400315.html>, (Date Accessed: 23 May 2015).
  • “Should Australia Think Big or Small in Foreign Policy”, 10 July 2006, _____http://www. foreignminister.gov.au/speeches/2006/060710_bigorsmall.html>, (Date Accessed: 20 May 2015).
  • Slaughter, Anne-Marie and Thomas Hale, “Transgovernmental Networks and Emerging Powers”, in Alan S. Alexandroff and Andrew F. Cooper (Eds.), Rising States, Rising Institutions: Challenges for Global Governance, (Waterloo, Ontario: The Center for International Governance Innovation, 2010).
  • Snyder, Scott, “South Korea’s Growing Role and Contributions to International Stability”, Pacific Forum CSIS, 24 October 2012, _____http://csis.org/files/publication/ Pac1266.pdf>, (Date Accessed: 20 May 2015).
  • Son, Key-young, “Twin Hubs and Spokes: The Rise of China and the Future of Japan-South Korea Security Cooperation”, All Academic Research, _____http://citation. allacademic.com/ meta/p_mla_apa_research_citation/5/0/0/6/1/pages500611/ p500611-7.php>, (Date Accessed: 24 March 2015).
  • “Statement by HE Ms Philippa King, Security Council Reform”, 8 November 2013, _____https://australia-unsc.gov.au/2013/11/security-council-reform-2/>, (Date Accessed: 23 March 2015).
  • “Statements on Security Council Reform”, Global Policy Forum, _____https://www. globalpolicy.org/security-council/security-council-reform/49905-statements-on-security-council-reform.html>, (Date Accessed: 04 April 2015).
  • Stuenkel, Oliver, “Why IBSA and BRICS should not Merge?”, Post-Western World, _____http:// www.postwesternworld.com/2012/07/12/why-ibsa-and-brics-shouldnot-merge/>, (Date Accessed: 21 May 2015).
  • III Summit Joint Declaration - New Delhi, IBSA – Trilateral Official Website, 15 October 2008, _____http://www.commit4africa.org/sites/default/files/IBSA-3rd-JointSummit-New-Dehli-2008.pdf>, (Date Accessed: 21 May 2015).
  • Sung-han, Kim, “Global Governance and Middle Powers: South Korea’s Role in the G20”, Council on Foreign Relations, _____http://www.cfr.org/south-korea/global-governance-middle-powers-south-koreas-role-g20/p30062>, (Date Accessed: 21 May 2015).
  • “The G20 and the World”, October 2014, _____https://g20.org/wp-content/ uploads/2014/12/policy_note_g20_world2.Pdf>, (Date Accessed: 17 April 2015).
  • “The N-11: More than an Acronym”, Goldman Sachs, Global Economics Paper No: 53, _____http://www.chicagobooth.edu/~/media/E60BDCEB6C5245E59B7ADA7C6B 1B6F2B.pdf>, (Date Accessed: 21 March 2015).
  • Thompson, Grahame F., The Constitutionalization of the Global Corporate Sphere, (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2012).
  • “Turkey’s Davutoglu in Mexico to Attend MIKTA Talks”, Today’s Zaman, 13April 2014, _____http://www.todayszaman.com/diplomacy_turkeys-davutoglu-in-mexicoto-attend-mikta -talks_344577.html>, (Date Accessed: 20 May 2015)
  • Tyler, Melissa Conley and Doris McDonald-Seaton, “Mixing with the MIKTAS”, Australian Institute of International Affairs, _____http://www.internationalaffairs.org.au/ australian_outlook/mixing-with-the-miktas/>, (Date Accessed: 21 May 2015).
  • Ungerer, Carl, “The “Middle Power” Concept in Australian Foreign Policy”, Australian Journal of Politics and History, Vol. 53, No. 4, 2007, pp. 538-551.
  • “United States of America Country Brief”, Australian Government Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade, _____http://www.dfat.gov.au/geo/united-states-of-america/ pages/united-states-of-america-country-brief.aspx>, (Date Accessed: 24 March 2015).
  • Ünay, Sadık, “Turkey’s Middle Power Diplomacy in the G-20”, _____http://www. dailysabah.com/columns/sadik_unay/2014/10/25/turkeys-middle-power-diplomacy-inthe-g20>, (Date Accessed: 20 May 2015).
  • White,Hugh, “Power Shift: Australia’s Future between Washington and Beijing”, Quarterly Essay, Vol. 39, 2010, pp. 1-74.
  • Williams, Ryan, “Is the New Development Bank the Alternative to the IMF”, _____http:// www. ryanonafrica.com/is-the-new-development-bank-the-alternative-to-theimf/>, (Date Accessed 20 May 2015).
  • Wood, Bernard, The Middle Powers and the General Interest, (Ottawa: North-South Institute, 1988).
  • Woolfrey, Sean, “The IBSA Dialogue Forum Ten Years on: Examining IBSA Cooperation on Trade”, TRALAC Trade Law Center, _____http://www.tralac.org/files/2013/08/ S13TB052013-Woolfrey-IBSA-Dialogue-Forum-ten-years-on-20130827-fin.pdf>, (Date Accessed: 21 May 2015).
  • Yalçın, Hasan Basri, “The Concept of “Middle Power” and the Recent Turkish Foreign Policy Activism”, Afro Eurasian Studies, Vol. 1, No. 1, 2012, pp. 195-213.
  • Zhida, Jiang, “A Power on the Rise”, China Institute of International Studies, 22 October 2012, _____http://www.ciis.org.cn/english/2012-10/22/content_5422339.html>, (Date Accessed: 22 May 2015).
APA ENGİN B, BABA G (2015). MIKTA: A FUNCTIONING PRODUCT OF NEW MIDDLE POWER-ISM?. , 1 - 40.
Chicago ENGİN BELMA,BABA GÜROL MIKTA: A FUNCTIONING PRODUCT OF NEW MIDDLE POWER-ISM?. (2015): 1 - 40.
MLA ENGİN BELMA,BABA GÜROL MIKTA: A FUNCTIONING PRODUCT OF NEW MIDDLE POWER-ISM?. , 2015, ss.1 - 40.
AMA ENGİN B,BABA G MIKTA: A FUNCTIONING PRODUCT OF NEW MIDDLE POWER-ISM?. . 2015; 1 - 40.
Vancouver ENGİN B,BABA G MIKTA: A FUNCTIONING PRODUCT OF NEW MIDDLE POWER-ISM?. . 2015; 1 - 40.
IEEE ENGİN B,BABA G "MIKTA: A FUNCTIONING PRODUCT OF NEW MIDDLE POWER-ISM?." , ss.1 - 40, 2015.
ISNAD ENGİN, BELMA - BABA, GÜROL. "MIKTA: A FUNCTIONING PRODUCT OF NEW MIDDLE POWER-ISM?". (2015), 1-40.
APA ENGİN B, BABA G (2015). MIKTA: A FUNCTIONING PRODUCT OF NEW MIDDLE POWER-ISM?. Uluslararası Hukuk ve Politika, 11(42), 1 - 40.
Chicago ENGİN BELMA,BABA GÜROL MIKTA: A FUNCTIONING PRODUCT OF NEW MIDDLE POWER-ISM?. Uluslararası Hukuk ve Politika 11, no.42 (2015): 1 - 40.
MLA ENGİN BELMA,BABA GÜROL MIKTA: A FUNCTIONING PRODUCT OF NEW MIDDLE POWER-ISM?. Uluslararası Hukuk ve Politika, vol.11, no.42, 2015, ss.1 - 40.
AMA ENGİN B,BABA G MIKTA: A FUNCTIONING PRODUCT OF NEW MIDDLE POWER-ISM?. Uluslararası Hukuk ve Politika. 2015; 11(42): 1 - 40.
Vancouver ENGİN B,BABA G MIKTA: A FUNCTIONING PRODUCT OF NEW MIDDLE POWER-ISM?. Uluslararası Hukuk ve Politika. 2015; 11(42): 1 - 40.
IEEE ENGİN B,BABA G "MIKTA: A FUNCTIONING PRODUCT OF NEW MIDDLE POWER-ISM?." Uluslararası Hukuk ve Politika, 11, ss.1 - 40, 2015.
ISNAD ENGİN, BELMA - BABA, GÜROL. "MIKTA: A FUNCTIONING PRODUCT OF NEW MIDDLE POWER-ISM?". Uluslararası Hukuk ve Politika 11/42 (2015), 1-40.