Turkey's Quest for a New International Order : The Discourse of Civilization and the Politics of Restoration

Murat YEŞİLTAŞ (Sakarya Üniversitesi, Orta Doğu Çalışmaları Merkezi, Orta Doğu Enstitüsü ve Uluslararası Bölümü, Sakarya, Türkiye)
Perceptions: Journal of International Affairs
11 0
Yıl: 2014 Cilt: 19 Sayı: 4 Sayfa Aralığı: 43 - 75 Metin Dili: İngilizce İndeks Tarihi: 29-07-2022

Turkey's Quest for a New International Order : The Discourse of Civilization and the Politics of Restoration

Öz:
This article argues that the increasing emphasis of civilization in Turkish foreign policy discourse fundamentally affected Turkey s criticism of the current international order. Political elites during the Justice and Development Party era have framed their critiques of international order in the context of the politics of restoration ; the political discourse seeks to re-construct Turkey s national, regional and international political discourse and engagement. They have also recontextualized the politics of restoration along the axis of a discourse of the New Turkey . In this sense, the New Turkey discourse reproduced the civilizational identity part of Turkey s international order narrative by blending it with an anti-hegemonic dissident discourse. Instead of taking civilization as a given, as many studies concerned with the relationship of Turkish foreign policy and civilization have done, this article takes Davutoğlu s constitutive role of the idea into account and analyzes the framework provided by the term for the politics of restoration of national, regional, and global order while considering civilization as a historical institution formed by the interaction between culture-economics-politics and a being-knowledge-values based mentality. Civilization, politics of restoration, selfperception, international order and Turkish foreign policy.
Anahtar Kelime:

Konular: Uluslararası İlişkiler
Belge Türü: Makale Makale Türü: Araştırma Makalesi Erişim Türü: Erişime Açık
  • 1 Murat Yeşiltaş, “Stratejik Derinlik’in Jeopolitik Tahayyülü”, Türkiye Ortadoğu Araştırmaları Dergisi, Vol. 1, No. 1 (2014), pp. 25-56.
  • 2 Hasan Basri Yalçın, “Türkiye’nin ‘Yeni’ Dış Politika Eğilim ve Davranışları: Yapısal Realist Bir Okuma”, Bilgi: Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, Vol. 13, No. 2 (Summer 2011), pp. 35-60.
  • 3 Murat Yeşiltaş and Ali Balcı, “A Dictionary of Turkish Foreign Policy in the AK Party Era: A Conceptual Map”, SAM Papers, No 7 (May 2013), pp. 1-36.
  • 4 Recep Tayyip Erdoğan, Küresel Barış Vizyonu, İstanbul; Medeniyetler İttifakı Yayınları, Medeniyetler İttifakı Enstitüsü, 2012.
  • 5 Ahmet Okumuş, “Kavramların Stratejisi, Stratejinin Kavramları: Stratejik Derinlik’in Felsefi Kavramsal Arka Planı”, in Talha Köse, Ahmet Okumuş ve Burhanettin Duran (eds.), Stratejik Zihniyet: Kuramdan Eyleme Ahmet Davutoğlu ve Stratejik Derinlik, İstanbul, Küre Yayınları, 2014, p. 36.
  • 6 “Erdoğan: Dünya Beşten Büyüktür”, Al Jazeera Türkçe, 24 September 2014.
  • 7 Ali Balcı and Nebi Miş, “Turkey’s Role in the Alliance of Civilizations: A New Perspective in Turkish Foreign Policy?” , Turkish Studies, Vol. 9, No. 3 (2008), pp. 387-406.
  • 8 For the few detailed studies on this topic see, Nurullah Ardıç, “Modernite, Kimlik, Siyaset: Ahmet Davutoğlu’nun Medeniyet Söylemi”, in Köse, Okumuş ve Duran (eds.) Stratejik Zihniyet, pp. 47-89; Nurullah Ardıç, “Civilizational Discourse, the ‘Alliance of Civilizations’ and Turkish Foreign Policy”, Insight Turkey, Vol. 16, No. 3, (2014), pp. 101-122.
  • 9 For civilization-based analyses and for analyses about its relations to Turkish foreign policy see, Burhanettin Duran, “Understanding AK Party’s Identity Discourse: A Civilizational Discourse and Its Limits”, Insight Turkey, Vol. 15, No. 1 (2013), pp. 91-109; Pinar Bilgin and Ali Bilgiç, “Turkey’s “New” Foreign Policy toward Eurasia”, Eurasian Geography and Economics, Vol. 52, No. 2 (2011), pp. 173-1995; Martina Warning and Tuncay Kardaş, “The Impact of Changing Islamic Identity on Turkey’s New Foreign Policy”, Alternatives: Turkish Journal of International Relations, Vol. 10, No. 2-3 (Summer-Fall 2011), pp. 123- 140.
  • 10 Ahmet Davutoğlu, Alternative Paradigms: The Impact of Islamic and Western Weltanschauungs on Political Theory, Lanham: University Press of America, 1994.
  • 11 Ahmet Davutoğlu, “Foreword: Civilizational Revival in the Global Age”, in Fred Dallmayr, M. Akif Kayapınar and İsmail Yaylacı (eds.), Civilization and World Order: Geopolitics and Cultural Difference, Maryland, Lexington Books, 2014, p. vii. 12 Davutoğlu, “The Formative Parameters of Civilizations”, p. 91.
  • 13 I would like to thank one of the reviewers for his/her suggestion about the English translation of ben-idraki (self-perception) as self-cognizance. S/he argues that “Davutoğlu’s term “ben-idraki” refers to an unmistakable understanding of the self. It is not developed in relation to others as in the case of identity. It emerges from inside as a reality and the subject just defines itself with that recognitions. Therefore, I would suggest employing the term of self-cognizance rather than self-perception. This is not only semantic. It directly changes the meaning of Davutoğlu’s view.” The definition is acceptable, but in his other articles in English, Davutoğlu uses self-perception. Therefore, I prefer his translation of ben-idraki.
  • 14 Davutoğlu, Alternative Paradigms.
  • 15 Ahmet Davutoğlu, Civilizational Transformation and the Muslim World, Quill, Kuala Lumpur, Mahir Publications, 1994, p. 8.
  • 16 Ahmet Davutoğlu, Stratejik Derinlik: Türkiye’nin Uluslararası Konumu, İstanbul, Küre Yayınları, 2001.
  • 17 Davutoğlu, Civilizational Transformation and the Muslim World, p. 8.
  • 18 Ahmet Davutoğlu “Medeniyetlerin Ben-idraki”, Divan: Disiplinlerarası Çalışmalar Dergisi, Vol. 2, No. 4, (1997), pp. 1-53.
  • 19 Davutoğlu, “The Formative Parameters of Civilizations”.
  • 20 Davutoğlu, Stratejik Derinlik.
  • 21 İbrahim Kalın, “Dünya Görüşü, Varlık Tasavvuru ve Düzen Fikri: Medeniyet Kavramına Giriş”, Divan Disiplinlerarası Çalışmalar Dergisi, Vol. 15, No. 29, (2010), pp. 5-12.
  • 22 Ahmet Davutoğlu, “İslam Dünyasının Siyasi Dönüşümü: Dönemlendirme ve Projeksiyon”, Divan: Disiplinlerarası Çalışmalar Dergisi, Sayı. 12, (2002), pp. 26-35.
  • 23 Francis Fukuyama, “The End of History”, The National Interest, No. 16 (Summer 1989), pp. 21-28.
  • 24 Samuel Huntington, “The Clash of Civilizations”, Foreign Affairs, Vol. 72, No. 3, (Summer 1993), pp. 22-49.
  • 25 Ahmet Davutoğlu, “The Clash of Interests: An Explanation of World (Dis)order”, Perceptions: Journal of International Affairs, Vol. 2, No. 4 (1998), pp. 1-17.
  • 26 Davutoğlu, Stratejik Derinlik.
  • 27 Davutoğlu, Civilizational Transformation and the Muslim World, p. iii.
  • 28 Davutoğlu, “Medeniyetlerin Ben-İdraki”, p. 2.
  • 29 Davutoğlu, Civilizational Transformation and the Muslim World.
  • 30 Ahmet Davutoğlu, “Philosophical and Institutional Dimension of Secularism: A Comparative Perspective”, in John L. Esposito and Azzam Tamimi (eds.), Islam and Secularism in the Middle East, NYU Press, 2000, p. 172.
  • 31 Ahmet Davutoğlu, “Dünya Sisteminin Yeniden Yapılanması”, İzlenim, (Şubat 1993), p. 86.
  • 32 Davutoğlu, “Medeniyetlerin Ben-İdraki”, p. 13.
  • 33 Scott Morrison, “Muslim Selbstverständnis: Ahmet Davutoğlu answers Husserl’s Crisis of European Sciences”, The Muslim World, Vol. 104, No. 1-2 (January-April 2014), pp.150– 170.
  • 34 Davutoğlu, “Medeniyetlerin Ben-İdraki”, p. 13.
  • 35 Ibid., p. 10.
  • 36 Ibid., p. 11.
  • 37 Ibid., p. 17.
  • 38 Ardıç, “Modernite, Kimlik, Siyaset”, p. 73.
  • 39 Davutoğlu, “Medeniyetlerin Ben-İdraki”, p. 4.
  • 40 Susan Buck-Morss, “Civilizations”, Political Concepts A Critical Lexicon, p. 1, at http:// www.politicalconcepts.org/civilization-susan-buck-morss/ (last visited 15 February 2015).
  • 41 Davutoğlu, “The Formative Parameters of Civilizations”, pp. 34-38.
  • 42 Davutoğlu, “Medeniyetlerin Ben İdraki”.
  • 43 Davutoğlu, “The Formative Parameters of Civilizations”, pp. 91-94.
  • 44 Ibid., p. 84.
  • 45 Davutoğlu, “Medeniyetlerin Ben İdraki”.
  • 46 Davutoğlu, “Philosophical and Institutional Dimensions of Secularization”.
  • 47 Davutoğlu, “The Formative Parameters of Civilizations”, p. 87.
  • 48 Ibid., p. 88.
  • 49 Davutoğlu, Civilizational Transformation and the Muslim World.
  • 50 Ibid.
  • 51 Davutoğlu, Stratejik Derinlik.
  • 52 Ahmet Davutoğlu, Küresel Bunalım, İstanbul, Küre Yayınları, 2002.
  • 53 Davutoğlu, “The Formative Parameters of Civilizations”, pp. 91-94.
  • 54 Davutoğlu, Stratejik Derinlik, p. 83.
  • 55 Murat Yeşiltaş, “Türkiye’yi Stratejileştirmek: Stratejik Derinlik’in Jeopolitik Tahayyülü”; Davutoğlu, Civilizational Transformation and the Muslim World.
  • 56 Davutoğlu, Stratejik Derinlik, p. 97.
  • 57 Ibid., p. 101.
  • 58 Ibid., p. 22.
  • 59 Ibid.
  • 60 Murat Yeşiltaş, “The New Era in Turkish Foreign Policy: Critiques and Challenges”, Insight Turkey, Vol. 16, No. 3 (2014), pp. 25-37.
  • 61 Ahmet Davutoğlu, “Büyük Restorasyon: Kadim’den Küreselleşmeye Yeni Siyaset Anlayışımız”, Diyarbakır Dicle Üniversitesi, 15 Mart 2013; Ahmet Davutoğlu, “Türkiye’nin Restorasyonu: Güçlü Demokrasi, Dinamik Ekonomi, Etkin Diplomasi”, SAM Vision Papers, No.7 (Ağustos 2014).
  • 62 Davutoğlu, “Büyük Restorasyon”.
  • 63 For an evaluation of these elements from angles of comparative civilization history and strategic inclusiveness see, Ahmet Davutoğlu, “Genel Dünya Tarihi içinde Osmanlı’nın Yeri: Metodolojik Meseleler ve Osmanlı Tarihi’nin Yeniden Yorumlanması”, in Halil İnalcık (ed.), Osmanlı, Ankara, 1999, c. 7, pp. 674-680; Ahmet Davutoğlu, “Medeniyetlerarası Etkileşim ve Osmanlı”, Divan-Disiplinlerarası Çalışmaları Dergisi, Vol. 4, No. 7 (1999/2) pp. 1-50.
  • 64 Davutoğlu, “Uluslararası Dönüşümler ve Osmanlı’dan Günümüze Osmanlı-Türk Diplomasinin Süreklilik Unsurları”, in Türkler, Vol. 17, Ankara,Yeni Türkiye Yayınları (2002), pp. 193-216.
  • 65 Davutoğlu, “Türkiye’nin Restorasyonu”.
  • 66 Davutoğlu, “Büyük Restorasyon”.
  • 67 Ahmet Davutoğlu, “AK Parti 1. Olağanüstü Büyük Kurultayı Konuşması”, Ankara (27 Ağustos 2014), at https://www.akparti.org.tr/site/haberler/sayin-davutoglunun-ak-parti-1.- olagustu-buyuk-kurultayinda-yaptigi-konusman/66351#1 (last visited 21 February 2015).
  • 68 Ahmet Davutoğlu, “VI. Büyükelçiler Konferansının Açılış Oturumunda Yapılan Konuşma”, Ankara (13 Ocak 2014), at http://www.mfa.gov.tr/disisleri-bakani-sayin-ahmet-davutoglu_ nun-vi_-buyukelciler-konferansinin-acilis-oturumunda-yaptiklari-konusma_-13-ocak- 2014_-an.tr.mfa, (last visited 18 February 2015).
  • 69 Ibid.
  • 70 Davutoğlu, “Uluslararası Dönüşümler ve Osmanlıdan Günümüze Osmanlı-Türk Diplomasinin Süreklilik Unsurları”.
  • 71 Ahmet Davutoğlu, AK Parti 1. Olağanüstü Büyük Kurultayı Konuşması”, Ankara (27 Ağustos 2014) at https://www.akparti.org.tr/site/haberler/sayin-davutoglunun-ak-parti-1.- olagustu-buyuk-kurultayinda-yaptigi-konusman/66351#1 (last visited 21 February 2015).
  • 72 Ahmet Davutoğlu, “Osmanlı’dan Arınma ya da ‘Tarihsizleşme’ Sürecinde Türk-Ermeni İlişkileri: ‘Adil Hafıza’ Mümkün mü?”, Turkish Policy Quarterly, Vol. 13, No.1 (Spring 2014), p. 3.
  • 73 Davutoğlu, “Büyük Restorasyon: Kadim’den Küreselleşmeye Yeni Siyaset Anlayışımız”.
  • 74 Ahmet Davutoğlu, “Türkiye’nin Restorasyonu”.
  • 75 Ahmet Davutoglu, “Turkish Vision of Regional and Global Order”, Political Reflection, Vol. 1, No. 2 (2010), pp. 38–50.
  • 76 Ahmet Davutoğlu, “Küresel Yönetişim”, SAM Vision Papers, No. 2 (Mart 2012); Ahmet Davutoglu, “Principles of Turkish Foreign Policy and Regional Political Structure”, SAM Vision Paper, No. 3 (April 2012), pp. 3–10; Davutoğlu, “Turkish Vision of Regional and Global Order”.
  • 77 Davutoğlu, Stratejik Derinlik.
  • 78 Ibid., p. 29.
  • 79 Davutoğlu, “Vision 2023: Turkey’s Foreign Policy Objectives”, Minister of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Turkey at the Turkey Investor Conference: The road to 2023 organized by Goldman Sachs, London, November 22, 2011.
  • 80 Davutoğlu, “Turkish Foreign Policy and the EU in 2010”, Turkish Policy Quarterly, Vol. 8, No. 3 (2011), pp. 11–17.
  • 81 Ahmet Davutoğlu, “2012’de Türk Dış Politikası ve Gelecek Ufku”, at http://www.sde.org. tr/tr/newsdetail/-2012de-turk-dis-politikasi-ve-gelecek-ufku-konferansi/3237 (last visited 15 February 2015).
  • 82 Ahmet Davutoğlu, “Türkiye Merkez Ülke Olmalı”, Radikal, 26 February 2004.
  • 83 Ali Aslan, The Westphalian Moment in Turkey: From Civilization to State (forthcoming)
  • 84 Ahmet Davutoğlu, “Türk Dış Politikası Konuşması”, Stratejik ve Uluslararası Çalışmalar Merkezi, at http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SdCsd4Ak_Ak (last visited 22 February 2015).
  • 85 Ahmet Davutoğlu, “Interview”, AUC Cairo Review, at http://www.aucegypt.edu/ gapp/ cairoreview/pages/articleDetails.aspx?aid¼143 (last visited 11 March 2015); Ahmet Davutoğlu, “Turkish Vision of Regional and Global Order”, Political Reflection, Vol. 1, No. 2 (2010), pp. 38–50; Ahmet Davutoğlu Türk Dış Politikası Konuşması, Fransa Dış Politika Enstitüsü, at http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jcspeWy8CfA (last visited 18 February 2015).
  • 86 Ahmet Davutoğlu, “The Three Major Earthquakes in the International System and Turkey”, The International Spectator, Vol. 48, No. 2 (June 2013), pp. 1–11.
  • 87 Davutoğlu, Küresel Bunalım.
  • 88 Davutoğlu, “The Three Major Earthquakes in the International System and Turkey”, pp. 1–11.
  • 89 Ahmet Davutoğlu, “Dış Politika Değerlendirme Konuşması”, Ankara, TBMM, 15 Aralık 2013, at https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OceefOTwPSI (last visited 23 February 2015).
  • 90 Ahmet Davutoğlu, “Türk Dış Politikasının İlkeleri ve Bölgesel Siyasal Yapılanma”, SAM Vision Papers, No. 3 (Ağustos 2012).
  • 91 Abdullah Gül, “Turkey, Europe and the International System to 2025”, Chatham House, at http://www.chathamhouse.org/sites/files/chathamhouse/public/Meetings/Meeting%20 Transcripts/081110gul.pdf (last visited 17 February 2015).
  • 92 Erdoğan, Küresel Barış Vizyonu.
  • 93 Ibid., p. 45.
  • 94 Davutoğlu, “Küresel Yönetişim”, pp. 8-10.
  • 95 Turkey calls for UN Security Council reform over failure to pressure Syria”, The Guardian, 13 October 2012.
  • 96 İsmail Cesur, “BM Güvenlik Konseyi reformu ve Türkiye’nin önemi”, Yeni Şafak, 29 August 2013.
  • 97 Davutoğlu, Civilizational Transformation and The Muslim World.
  • 98 Erdoğan, Küresel Barış Vizyonu.
  • 99 Murat Yeşiltaş, “Transformation of the Geopolitical Vision in Turhisk Foreign Policy”, Turkish Studies, Vol. 14, No. 4, 2013, p. 675.
  • 100 Erdoğan, Küresel Barış Vizyonu, p. 23.
  • 101 Ahmet Davutoğlu, “Turkey’s Mediation: Critical Reflection from the Field”, Middle East Policy, Vol. 20, No. 1 (Spring 2013), pp. 83-90.
  • 102 Ahmet Davutoğlu, “Küresel Yönetişim”, SAM Vision Papers, No. 2 (Mart 2012).
  • 103 Ahmet Davutoğlu, “Turkish Vision of Regional and Global Order: Theoretical Background and Practical Implementation”, Political Reflection, Vol. 1, No. 2 (June-July-August 2010), pp. 36-50.
  • 104 Emel Parlar Dal, “On Turkey’s Trail as a “Rising Middle Power” in the Network of Global Governance: Preferences, Capabilities, and Strategies”, Perceptions: Journal of International Affairs, Vol. 19, No. 4 (Winter 2015) pp. 107-136
  • 105 Emel Parlar Dal, “Arap Ayaklanmaları Ekseninde Türk dış politikasındaki Dönüşüm ve Liberal Uluslararası Düzen”, in Özden Zeynep Oktav & Helin Sarı (eds.), Türk Dış Politikasında Değişim: Fırsatlar, Riskler ve Krizler, İstanbul, Nobel Yayınları, (2015), pp. 85- 112.
APA yesiltas m (2014). Turkey's Quest for a New International Order : The Discourse of Civilization and the Politics of Restoration. , 43 - 75.
Chicago yesiltas murat Turkey's Quest for a New International Order : The Discourse of Civilization and the Politics of Restoration. (2014): 43 - 75.
MLA yesiltas murat Turkey's Quest for a New International Order : The Discourse of Civilization and the Politics of Restoration. , 2014, ss.43 - 75.
AMA yesiltas m Turkey's Quest for a New International Order : The Discourse of Civilization and the Politics of Restoration. . 2014; 43 - 75.
Vancouver yesiltas m Turkey's Quest for a New International Order : The Discourse of Civilization and the Politics of Restoration. . 2014; 43 - 75.
IEEE yesiltas m "Turkey's Quest for a New International Order : The Discourse of Civilization and the Politics of Restoration." , ss.43 - 75, 2014.
ISNAD yesiltas, murat. "Turkey's Quest for a New International Order : The Discourse of Civilization and the Politics of Restoration". (2014), 43-75.
APA yesiltas m (2014). Turkey's Quest for a New International Order : The Discourse of Civilization and the Politics of Restoration. Perceptions: Journal of International Affairs, 19(4), 43 - 75.
Chicago yesiltas murat Turkey's Quest for a New International Order : The Discourse of Civilization and the Politics of Restoration. Perceptions: Journal of International Affairs 19, no.4 (2014): 43 - 75.
MLA yesiltas murat Turkey's Quest for a New International Order : The Discourse of Civilization and the Politics of Restoration. Perceptions: Journal of International Affairs, vol.19, no.4, 2014, ss.43 - 75.
AMA yesiltas m Turkey's Quest for a New International Order : The Discourse of Civilization and the Politics of Restoration. Perceptions: Journal of International Affairs. 2014; 19(4): 43 - 75.
Vancouver yesiltas m Turkey's Quest for a New International Order : The Discourse of Civilization and the Politics of Restoration. Perceptions: Journal of International Affairs. 2014; 19(4): 43 - 75.
IEEE yesiltas m "Turkey's Quest for a New International Order : The Discourse of Civilization and the Politics of Restoration." Perceptions: Journal of International Affairs, 19, ss.43 - 75, 2014.
ISNAD yesiltas, murat. "Turkey's Quest for a New International Order : The Discourse of Civilization and the Politics of Restoration". Perceptions: Journal of International Affairs 19/4 (2014), 43-75.
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22-04-2024 22:12

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