The effects of barnidipine on an experimental ischemia reperfusion model of spinal cord injury and comparison with methyl prednisolone
Yıl: 2019 Cilt: 6 Sayı: 2 Sayfa Aralığı: 103 - 109 Metin Dili: İngilizce DOI: 10.14744/nci.2018.89411 İndeks Tarihi: 21-05-2020
The effects of barnidipine on an experimental ischemia reperfusion model of spinal cord injury and comparison with methyl prednisolone
Öz: OBJECTIVE: Increased intracellular calcium concentration plays an important role in the secondary mechanism of spinalcord injury. In the presenting experimental study, we aimed to evaluate the healing effect of barnidipine, which has a highaffinity for L-type calcium channels, on acute spinal cord injury and to compare its effects with those of methylprednisolone.METHODS: A total of 32 Spraque Dawley albino adult female rats were divided into 4 groups; group 1: sham-operated(n=8), group 2: only ischemia (n=6), group 3: barnidipine-treated (n=8), and group 4: methylprednisolone-treated (n=6). Anischemia-reperfusion model was created by clipping the abdominal aorta in the rats. Motor examination was performed 1 hourafter the surgical procedure and before sacrification. Immediately following the second motor examination, rats were sacrificed and tissue samples were taken for histopathological examination and for testing of tissue malondialdehyde (MDA) levels.RESULTS: A significant correlation of motor examination was found between the sham-operated and barnidipine-treatedgroups and the sham-operated and only ischemia groups at the 1st and 24th hour (p<0.008). There was no significant difference between the only ischemia and barnidipine-treated groups and only ischemia and methylprednisolone-treated groups(p>0.008). Light microscopic examination of the sham-operated group revealed findings consistent with normal spinal cordstructure. In group 2, 3, and 4, light microscopic examination revealed polymorphonuclear leukocyte infiltration and a smallamount of axonal swelling. There was no significant correlation between the ischemia and barnidipine-treated groups and thebarnidipine and methylprednisolone groups in terms of MDA levels (p>0.008).CONCLUSION: A single dose of barnidipine (10 mg/kg) and methylprednisolone are not effective and not sufficient to prevent spinal ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats.
Anahtar Kelime: Konular:
Belge Türü: Makale Makale Türü: Araştırma Makalesi Erişim Türü: Erişime Açık
- 1. Anwar MA, Al Shehabi TS, Eid AH. Inflammogenesis of Secondary Spinal Cord Injury. Front Cell Neurosci 2016;10:98. [CrossRef ]
- 2. Oyinbo CA. Secondary injury mechanisms in traumatic spinal cord injury: a nugget of this multiply cascade. Acta Neurobiol Exp (Wars) 2011;71:281–99.
- 3. Agrawal SK, Nashmi R, Fehlings MG. Role of L- and N-type calcium channels in the pathophysiology of traumatic spinal cord white matter injury. Neuroscience 2000;99:179–88. [CrossRef ]
- 4. Garcia E, Aguilar-Cevallos J, Silva-Garcia R, Ibarra A. Cytokine and Growth Factor Activation In Vivo and In Vitro afterSpinal Cord Injury. Mediators Inflamm 2016;2016:9476020. [CrossRef ]
- 5. Fehlings MG, Tator CH, Linden RD. The effect of nimodipine and dextran on axonal function and blood flow following experimental spinal cord injury. J Neurosurg 1989;71:403–16. [CrossRef ]
- 6. Imamura H, Tator CH. Effect of intrathecal nimodipine on spinal cord blood flow and evoked potentials in the normal or injured cord. Spinal Cord 1998;36:497–506. [CrossRef ]
- 7. Ceylan S, Ilbay K, Baykal S, Ceylan S, Sener U, Ozmenoğlu M, et al. Treatment of acute spinal cord injuries: comparison of thyrotropin-releasing hormone and nimodipine. Res Exp Med (Berl) 1992;192:23–33. [CrossRef ]
- 8. Guha A, Tator CH, Piper I. Effect of a calcium channel blocker on posttraumatic spinal cord blood flow. J Neurosurg 1987;66:423–30. [CrossRef ]
- 9. Ross IB, Tator CH. Spinal cord blood flow and evoked potential responses after treatment with nimodipine or methylprednisolone in spinal cord-injured rats. Neurosurgery 1993;33:470–6. [CrossRef ]
- 10. Amar AP, Levy ML. Pathogenesis and pharmacological strategies for mitigatingsecondary damage in acute spinal cord injury. Neurosurgery 1999;44:1027–39. [CrossRef ]
- 11. Bowers CA, Kundu B, Hawryluk GW. Methylprednisolone for acute spinal cord injury: an increasingly philosophical debate. Neural Regen Res 2016;11:882–5. [CrossRef ]
- 12. Hugenholtz H, Cass DE, Dvorak MF, Fewer DH, Fox RJ, Izukawa DM, et al. High-dose methylprednisolone for acute closed spinal cord injury--only a treatment option. Can J Neurol Sci 2002;29:227–35.
- 13. Cheung V, Hoshide R, Bansal V, Kasper E, Chen CC. Methylprednisolone in the management of spinal cord injuries: Lessons from randomized, controlled trials. Surg Neurol Int 2015;6:142. [CrossRef ]
- 14. Hall ED, Braughler JM. Glucocorticoid mechanisms in acute spinal cord injury: a review and therapeutic rationale. Surg Neurol 1982;18:320–7.
- 15. Carrillo SE, Guimarães SB, Vasconcelos PR, Vasconcelos PR. Is subdiaphragmatic aortic cross-clamping a suitable model for spinal cord ischemia/reperfusion injury study in rats? Acta Cir Bras 2006;21:219– 22. [CrossRef ]
- 16. Kerman M, Şenol N, Özgüner M. Effect of melatonin on spinal cord injury induced lipid peroxidation in rats: prognostic value of malondialdehyde. SDU The Journal of Health Science 2011;2:65–9.
- 17. Tarlov IM. Spinal cord compression studies. III. Time limits for recovery after gradual compression in dogs. AMA Arch Neurol Psychiatry 1954;71:588–97. [CrossRef ]
- 18. Mihara M, Uchiyama M. Determination of malonaldehyde precursor in tissues by thiobarbituric acid test. Anal Biochem 1978;86:271–8.
- 19. Singh A, Tetreault L, Kalsi-Ryan S, Nouri A, Fehlings MG. Global prevalence and incidence of traumatic spinal cord injury. Clin Epidemiol 2014;6:309–31. [CrossRef ]
- 20. Lou J, Lenke LG, Ludwig FJ, O’Brien MF. Apoptosis as a mechanism of neuronal cell death following acute experimental spinal cord injury. Spinal Cord 1998;36:683–90. [CrossRef ]
- 21. Martirosyan NL, Feuerstein JS, Theodore N, Cavalcanti DD, Spetzler RF, Preul MC. Blood supply and vascular reactivity of the spinal cord under normal and pathological conditions. J Neurosurg Spine 2011;15:238–51. [CrossRef ]
- 22. Varma AK, Das A, Wallace G 4th, Barry J, Vertegel AA, Ray SK, et al. Spinal cord injury: a review of current therapy, future treatments, and basic science frontiers. Neurochem Res 2013;38:895–905. [CrossRef ]
- 23. Marcon RM, Barros Filho TEPD, Oliveira RP, Cristante AF, Taricco MA, Colares G, et al. Experimental study on the action of methylprednisolone on Wistar rats before spinal cord injury. Acta Ortop Bras 2010;18:26–30. [CrossRef ]
- 24. Olby N. Current concepts in the management of acute spinal cord injury. J Vet Intern Med 1999;13:399–407. [CrossRef ]
- 25. Tator CH, Fehlings MG. Review of the secondary injury theory of acute spinal cord trauma with emphasis on vascular mechanisms. J Neurosurg 1991;75:15–26. [CrossRef ]
- 26. Kwon BK, Oxland TR, Tetzlaff W. Animal models used in spinal cord regeneration research. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 2002;27:1504–10. [CrossRef ]
- 27. Topsakal C, Erol FS, Ozveren MF, Yilmaz N, Ilhan N. Effects of methylprednisolone and dextromethorphan on lipid peroxidation in an experimental model of spinal cord injury. Neurosurg Rev 2002;25:258–66.
- 28. Hall ED. Antioxidant therapies for acute spinal cord injury. Neurotherapeutics 2011;8:152–67. [CrossRef ]
- 29. Braunwald E. Mechanism of action of calcium-channel-blocking agents. N Engl J Med 1982;307:1618–27. [CrossRef ]
- 30. Liau CS. Barnidipine: a new calcium channel blocker for hypertension treatment. Expert Rev Cardiovasc Ther 2005;3:207–13. [CrossRef ]
- 31. Rossetti G, Pizzocri S, Brasca F, Pozzi M, Beltrami LM, Bolla GB, et al. Antihypertensive effect of barnidipine 10 mg or amlodipine 5 to 10 mg once daily in treatment-naive patients with essential hypertension: A 24-week, randomized, open-label, pilot study. Curr Ther Res Clin Exp 2008;69:192–206. [CrossRef ]
- 32. Zhang N, Fang M, Chen H, Gou F, Ding M. Evaluation of spinal cord injury animal models. Neural Regen Res 2014;9:2008–12.
- 33. Zivin JA, Doppman JL, Reid JL, Tappaz ML, Saavedra JM, Kopin IJ, et al. Biochemical and histochemical studies of biogenic amines in spinal cord trauma. Neurology 1976;26:99–107. [CrossRef ]
- 34. Christie SD, Comeau B, Myers T, Sadi D, Purdy M, Mendez I. Duration of lipid peroxidation after acute spinal cord injury in rats and the effect of methylprednisolone. Neurosurg Focus 2008;25(5):E5.
- 35. Sahin Kavaklı H, Koca C, Alıcı O. Antioxidant effects of curcumin in spinal cord injury in rats. Ulus Travma Acil Cerrahi Derg 2011;17:14– 8. [CrossRef ]
- 36. Taoka Y, Okajima K, Murakami K, Johno M, Naruo M. Role of neutrophil elastase in compression-induced spinal cord injury in rats. Brain Res 1998;799:264–9. [CrossRef ]
- 37. Cavus G, Altas M, Aras M, Ozgür T, Serarslan Y, Yilmaz N, et al. Effects of montelukast and methylprednisolone on experimental spinal cord injury in rats. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2014;18:1770–7.
- 38. Kanter M, Coskun O, Kalayci M, Buyukbas S, Cagavi F. Neuroprotective effects of Nigella sativa on experimental spinal cord injury in rats. Hum Exp Toxicol 2006;25:127–33. [CrossRef ]
| APA | DALTABAN İ, MISIR S, TURKSOY V, AK H, ÇAKIR E (2019). The effects of barnidipine on an experimental ischemia reperfusion model of spinal cord injury and comparison with methyl prednisolone. , 103 - 109. 10.14744/nci.2018.89411 |
| Chicago | DALTABAN İskender Samet,MISIR SEMA,TURKSOY Vugar Ali,AK Hakan,ÇAKIR Ertuğrul The effects of barnidipine on an experimental ischemia reperfusion model of spinal cord injury and comparison with methyl prednisolone. (2019): 103 - 109. 10.14744/nci.2018.89411 |
| MLA | DALTABAN İskender Samet,MISIR SEMA,TURKSOY Vugar Ali,AK Hakan,ÇAKIR Ertuğrul The effects of barnidipine on an experimental ischemia reperfusion model of spinal cord injury and comparison with methyl prednisolone. , 2019, ss.103 - 109. 10.14744/nci.2018.89411 |
| AMA | DALTABAN İ,MISIR S,TURKSOY V,AK H,ÇAKIR E The effects of barnidipine on an experimental ischemia reperfusion model of spinal cord injury and comparison with methyl prednisolone. . 2019; 103 - 109. 10.14744/nci.2018.89411 |
| Vancouver | DALTABAN İ,MISIR S,TURKSOY V,AK H,ÇAKIR E The effects of barnidipine on an experimental ischemia reperfusion model of spinal cord injury and comparison with methyl prednisolone. . 2019; 103 - 109. 10.14744/nci.2018.89411 |
| IEEE | DALTABAN İ,MISIR S,TURKSOY V,AK H,ÇAKIR E "The effects of barnidipine on an experimental ischemia reperfusion model of spinal cord injury and comparison with methyl prednisolone." , ss.103 - 109, 2019. 10.14744/nci.2018.89411 |
| ISNAD | DALTABAN, İskender Samet vd. "The effects of barnidipine on an experimental ischemia reperfusion model of spinal cord injury and comparison with methyl prednisolone". (2019), 103-109. https://doi.org/10.14744/nci.2018.89411 |
| APA | DALTABAN İ, MISIR S, TURKSOY V, AK H, ÇAKIR E (2019). The effects of barnidipine on an experimental ischemia reperfusion model of spinal cord injury and comparison with methyl prednisolone. İstanbul Kuzey Klinikleri, 6(2), 103 - 109. 10.14744/nci.2018.89411 |
| Chicago | DALTABAN İskender Samet,MISIR SEMA,TURKSOY Vugar Ali,AK Hakan,ÇAKIR Ertuğrul The effects of barnidipine on an experimental ischemia reperfusion model of spinal cord injury and comparison with methyl prednisolone. İstanbul Kuzey Klinikleri 6, no.2 (2019): 103 - 109. 10.14744/nci.2018.89411 |
| MLA | DALTABAN İskender Samet,MISIR SEMA,TURKSOY Vugar Ali,AK Hakan,ÇAKIR Ertuğrul The effects of barnidipine on an experimental ischemia reperfusion model of spinal cord injury and comparison with methyl prednisolone. İstanbul Kuzey Klinikleri, vol.6, no.2, 2019, ss.103 - 109. 10.14744/nci.2018.89411 |
| AMA | DALTABAN İ,MISIR S,TURKSOY V,AK H,ÇAKIR E The effects of barnidipine on an experimental ischemia reperfusion model of spinal cord injury and comparison with methyl prednisolone. İstanbul Kuzey Klinikleri. 2019; 6(2): 103 - 109. 10.14744/nci.2018.89411 |
| Vancouver | DALTABAN İ,MISIR S,TURKSOY V,AK H,ÇAKIR E The effects of barnidipine on an experimental ischemia reperfusion model of spinal cord injury and comparison with methyl prednisolone. İstanbul Kuzey Klinikleri. 2019; 6(2): 103 - 109. 10.14744/nci.2018.89411 |
| IEEE | DALTABAN İ,MISIR S,TURKSOY V,AK H,ÇAKIR E "The effects of barnidipine on an experimental ischemia reperfusion model of spinal cord injury and comparison with methyl prednisolone." İstanbul Kuzey Klinikleri, 6, ss.103 - 109, 2019. 10.14744/nci.2018.89411 |
| ISNAD | DALTABAN, İskender Samet vd. "The effects of barnidipine on an experimental ischemia reperfusion model of spinal cord injury and comparison with methyl prednisolone". İstanbul Kuzey Klinikleri 6/2 (2019), 103-109. https://doi.org/10.14744/nci.2018.89411 |
