Islamic Banking has started to develop with the spread of Islam in the world. However Islamic banks could not reach desirable position in banking sector. Turkey which has intensive Muslim population, wants to be one of the World’s financial center and to achieve this Turkey should develop Islamic banking. Islamic banking operates without interest but with profitloss sharing principle. Therefore it differs from conventional banks in terms of its operation. Society should have enough information about this difference and should perceive this difference. By this way those who want to make financial and economic decisions according to Islamic principles will prefer Islamic banks and this preference will develop Islamic banking. The aim of this research is to examine how individuals perceive the operation differences of conventional and Islamic banks. To do this, we conducted a questionnaire on 648 individual. As a result of the factor analysis it is concluded that perceptions about operations of Islamic and conventional banks consist of five factors. Shortly, these five factors are service quality-pricing, technology, macroeconomic contribution, religious outlook and environmental factors. As a result of correlation analysis high level of positive correlation is found between service quality-pricing and macroeconomic contribution. Additionally, it has been determined that the participants have perceived that Islamic banks contribute macroeconomic variables of the country positively. It is remarkable that the participants have a moderate level of perception about the religious outlook factor. It is obvious that Islamic banks should make believe individuals that they are operating in accordance with Islamic rules.