Mediation Role of Experiential Avoidance in the Relationship Between Subjective Vitality and Depression
Yıl: 2021 Cilt: 10 Sayı: 3 Sayfa Aralığı: 297 - 303 Metin Dili: İngilizce DOI: 10.5455/JCBPR.24831 İndeks Tarihi: 05-01-2022
Mediation Role of Experiential Avoidance in the Relationship Between Subjective Vitality and Depression
Öz: Depression is a mental disorder characterized primarily by depressed mood, loss of interest and pleasure. A decrease in subjective vitality is seen as one of symptoms of depression. Depressive persons tend to seal themselves off, keeping away from stressful states and taking the minimum level of action when faced with a stressful situation. Experiential avoidance behavior which individuals do to protect themselves from sad thoughts and situations causes an increase in depressive symptoms. This study aimed to investigate mediation role of experiential avoidance in the relationship between subjective vitality and depression. Data was collected as an online questionnaire in university students’ online classrooms. Instruments used in research were Subjective Vitality Scale (to measure preservice teachers’ subjective vitality), Acceptance and Action Questionnaire-II (to measure their experiential avoidance), and depression subscale of Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scales (to measure their depression levels). Research group was composed of 463 participants. Negative significant relationships were observed between depression and subjective vitality, and subjective vitality and experiential avoidance. In other words, depression and experiential avoidance were reduced as subjective vitality increased. Moreover, there was a significant positive relationship between depression and experiential avoidance. It is seen that subjective vitality affects depression (direct effect) is significant and it constitutes 64.5% of total effect. In addition, subjective vitality predicts depression (indirect effect) through experiential avoidance and it constitutes 35.5% of total effect. The interaction of experiential avoidance between subjective vitality and depressive symptoms was found. Subjective vitality and experiential avoidance predicted depressive symptoms.
Anahtar Kelime: Öznel Zindelik ve Depresyon Arasındaki İlişkide Yaşantısal Kaçınmanın Aracılık Rolü
Öz: Depresyon, depresif ruh hali, ilgi veya zevk kaybı ile karakterize ruhsal bir bozukluktur. Öznel zindelikte azalma, depresyon belirtilerinden biri olarak görülür. Depresif kişiler, stresli durumlardan uzak durarak ve stresli bir durumla karşılaştıklarında asgari düzeyde eyleme geçerek kendilerini kapatma eğilimindedir. Bireylerin kendilerini üzücü düşüncelerden ve durumlardan korumak için yaptıkları yaşantısal kaçınma davranışı, depresif belirtilerin artmasına neden olur. Bu çalışmanın amacı, öznel zindelik ve depresyon arasındaki ilişkide yaşantısal kaçınmanın aracılık rolünü araştırmaktır. Veriler, üniversite öğrencilerinin çevrimiçi sınıflarından çevrimiçi anket olarak toplandı. Araştırmada öğretmen adaylarının öznel zindeliklerini ölçmek için Öznel Zindelik Ölçeği, yaşantısal kaçınma düzeylerini ölçmek için Kabul ve Eylem Formu-II ve depresif düzeylerini ölçmek için Depresyon, Anksiyete ve Stres Ölçeğinin depresyon alt ölçeği kullanıldı. Araştırma grubu 463 katılımcıdan oluştu. Depresyon ile öznel zindelik ve öznel zindelik ile yaşantısal kaçınma arasında ters yönde anlamlı ilişkiler gözlendi. Diğer bir deyişle, öznel zindelik arttıkça depresyon ve yaşantısal kaçınmanın azaldığı saptandı. Dahası, depresyon ve yaşantısal kaçınma arasında anlamlı bir pozitif ilişki vardı. Öznel zindeliğin depresyonu anlamlı olarak etkilediği (doğrudan etki) ve toplam etkinin %64,5’ini oluşturduğu görüldü. Ayrıca öznel zindelik, yaşantısal kaçınma yoluyla depresyonu (dolaylı etki) yordamaktaydı ve toplam etkinin %35,5’ini oluşturdu. Yaşantısal kaçınmanın öznel zindelik ve depresif belirtiler arasında etkileşim kurduğu bulundu. Öznel zindelik ve yaşantısal kaçınma depresif semptomları öngördürmektedir.
Anahtar Kelime: Belge Türü: Makale Makale Türü: Araştırma Makalesi Erişim Türü: Erişime Açık
- American Psychiatric Association (2013). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (5th ed.). Washington, DC.
- Bardeen, J. R., Fergus, T. A., & Orcutt, H. K. (2013). Experiential avoidance as a moderator of the relationship between anxiety sensitivity and perceived stress. Behavior Therapy, 44(3), 459- 469. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.beth.2013.04.001
- Bayram, N., & Bilgel, N. (2008). The prevalence and sociodemographic correlations of depression, anxiety and stress among a group of university students. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 43(8), 667-672. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00127- 008-0345-x
- Bond, F. W., Hayes, S. C., Baer, R. A., Carpenter, K. M., Guenole, N., Orcutt, H. K., . . . Zettle, R. D. (2011). Preliminary psychometric properties of the Acceptance and Action Questionnaire–II: A revised measure of psychological inflexibility and experiential avoidance. Behavior Therapy, 42(4), 676-688. https://doi. org/10.1016/j.beth.2011.03.007
- Cribb, G., Moulds, M. L., & Carter, S. (2006). Rumination and experiential avoidance in depression. Behaviour Change, 23(3), 165-176. https://doi.org/10.1375/bech.23.3.165
- Ferster, C. B. (1973). A functional analysis of depression. American Psychologist, 28(10), 857-870. https://doi.org/10.1037/ h0035605
- Fini, A. A. S., Kavousian, J., Beigy, A., & Emami, M. (2010). Subjective vitality and its anticipating variables on students. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 5, 150-156. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. sbspro.2010.07.064
- Hayes, A. F. (2013). Introduction to Mediation, Moderation, and Conditional Process Analysis: A Regression-Based Approach. New York: Guilford Publications.
- Hayes, S. C., Luoma, J. B., Bond, F. W., Masuda, A., & Lillis, J. (2006). Acceptance and commitment therapy: Model, processes and outcomes. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 44(1), 1-25. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2005.06.006
- Hayes, S. C., Strosahl, K., Wilson, K. G., Bissett, R. T., Pistorello, J., Toarmino, D., . . . McCurry, S. M. (2004). Measuring experiential avoidance: A preliminary test of a working model. The Psychological Record, 54(4), 553-578. https://doi.org/10.1007/ BF03395492
- Hayes, S. C., Strosahl, K. D., & Wilson, K. G. (1999). Acceptance and Commitment Therapy: An Experiential Approach to Behavior Change. New York: Guilford Press.
- Hayes, S. C., Wilson, K. G., Gifford, E. V., Follette, V. M., & Strosahl, K. (1996). Experiential avoidance and behavioral disorders: A functional dimensional approach to diagnosis and treatment. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 64(6), 1152-1168. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006X.64.6.1152
- Jamovi Project (2019). Jamovi. (Version 1.0) [Computer Software]. https://www.jamovi.org
- Kashdan, T. B., Ferssizidis, P., Collins, R. L., & Muraven, M. (2010). Emotion differentiation as resilience against excessive alcohol use: An ecological momentary assessment in underage social drinkers. Psychological Science, 21(9), 1341-1347. https://doi. org/10.1177/0956797610379863
- Kashdan, T. B., Zvolensky, M. J., & McLeish, A. C. (2008). Anxiety sensitivity and affect regulatory strategies: Individual and interactive risk factors for anxiety-related symptoms. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 22(3), 429-440. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. janxdis.2007.03.011
- Levin, M. E., MacLane, C., Daflos, S., Seeley, J., Hayes, S. C., Biglan, A., & Pistorello, J. (2014). Examining psychological inflexibility as a transdiagnostic process across psychological disorders. Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science, 3(3), 155-163. https://doi. org/10.1016/j.jcbs.2014.06.003
- Lovibond, P. F., & Lovibond, S. H. (1995). The structure of negative emotional states: Comparison of the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS) with the Beck Depression and Anxiety Inventories. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 33(3), 335-343. https://doi. org/10.1016/0005-7967(94)00075-U
- Ottenbreit, N. D., & Dobson, K. S. (2004). Avoidance and depression: the construction of the Cognitive–Behavioral Avoidance Scale. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 42(3), 293-313. https://doi. org/10.1016/S0005-7967(03)00140-2
- R Core Team (2018). R: A Language and envionment for statistical computing. [Computer software]. https://cran.r-project.org/
- Rueda, B., & Valls, E. (2016). Relationships among stress, experiential avoidance and depression in psychiatric patients. The Spanish Journal of Psychology, 19(e27), 1-8. https://doi.org/10.1017/sjp.2016.32
- Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2001). On happiness and human potentials: A review of research on hedonic and eudaimonic wellbeing. Annual Review of Psychology, 52(1), 141-166. https://doi. org/10.1146/annurev.psych.52.1.141
- Ryan, R. M., & Frederick, C. (1997). On energy, personality, and health: Subjective vitality as a dynamic reflection of well‐ being. Journal of Personality, 65(3), 529-565. https://doi. org/10.1111/j.1467-6494.1997.tb00326.x
- Ryan, R. M., Huta, V., & Deci, E. L. (2008). Living well: A selfdetermination theory perspective on eudaimonia. Journal of Happiness Studies, 9(1), 117-139. https://doi.org/10.1007/ s10902-006-9023-4
- Türkçapar, M. H. (2007). Depresyonda Bilişsel Terapinin Etkinliği ve Tedavideki Yeri: Gözden Geçirme. Türkiye Klinikleri Psikiyatri Dergisi, 3(29), 47-51.
- Türkçapar, M. H., & Sargın, A. E. (2012). Cognitive behavioral psychotherapies: history and development. Journal of CognitiveBehavioral Psychotherapy and Research, 1(1), 7-14. http://www. jcbpr.org/?mno=18838
- Uysal, R., Sarıçam, H., & Akın, A. (2014). Öznel zindelik ölçeği Türkçe formunun psikometrik özellikleri [Psychometric features of subjective vitality scale Turkish form]. Sosyal ve Beşeri Bilimler Araştırmaları Dergisi (33), 136-146. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/ download/article-file/215942
- Wegner, D. M., Schneider, D. J., Carter, S. R., & White, T. L. (1987). Paradoxical effects of thought suppression. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 53(1), 5-13. https://doi. org/10.1037/0022-3514.53.1.5
- World Health Organization. (2017). Depression and other common mental disorders global health estimates. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization.
- Yavuz, F., Ulusoy, S., Iskin, M., Esen, F. B., Burhan, H. S., Karadere, M. E., & Yavuz, N. (2016). Turkish version of Acceptance and Action Questionnaire-II (AAQ-II): A reliability and validity analysis in clinical and non-clinical samples. Klinik Psikofarmakoloji BülteniBulletin of Clinical Psychopharmacology, 26(4), 397-408. https:// doi.org/10.5455/bcp.20160223124107
| APA | Ogutlu H, Doğan U, ADIGÜZEL A, Turkcapar M (2021). Mediation Role of Experiential Avoidance in the Relationship Between Subjective Vitality and Depression. , 297 - 303. 10.5455/JCBPR.24831 |
| Chicago | Ogutlu Hakan,Doğan Uğur,ADIGÜZEL ARCA,Turkcapar Mehmet Hakan Mediation Role of Experiential Avoidance in the Relationship Between Subjective Vitality and Depression. (2021): 297 - 303. 10.5455/JCBPR.24831 |
| MLA | Ogutlu Hakan,Doğan Uğur,ADIGÜZEL ARCA,Turkcapar Mehmet Hakan Mediation Role of Experiential Avoidance in the Relationship Between Subjective Vitality and Depression. , 2021, ss.297 - 303. 10.5455/JCBPR.24831 |
| AMA | Ogutlu H,Doğan U,ADIGÜZEL A,Turkcapar M Mediation Role of Experiential Avoidance in the Relationship Between Subjective Vitality and Depression. . 2021; 297 - 303. 10.5455/JCBPR.24831 |
| Vancouver | Ogutlu H,Doğan U,ADIGÜZEL A,Turkcapar M Mediation Role of Experiential Avoidance in the Relationship Between Subjective Vitality and Depression. . 2021; 297 - 303. 10.5455/JCBPR.24831 |
| IEEE | Ogutlu H,Doğan U,ADIGÜZEL A,Turkcapar M "Mediation Role of Experiential Avoidance in the Relationship Between Subjective Vitality and Depression." , ss.297 - 303, 2021. 10.5455/JCBPR.24831 |
| ISNAD | Ogutlu, Hakan vd. "Mediation Role of Experiential Avoidance in the Relationship Between Subjective Vitality and Depression". (2021), 297-303. https://doi.org/10.5455/JCBPR.24831 |
| APA | Ogutlu H, Doğan U, ADIGÜZEL A, Turkcapar M (2021). Mediation Role of Experiential Avoidance in the Relationship Between Subjective Vitality and Depression. Bilişsel Davranışçı Psikoterapi ve Araştırmalar Dergisi, 10(3), 297 - 303. 10.5455/JCBPR.24831 |
| Chicago | Ogutlu Hakan,Doğan Uğur,ADIGÜZEL ARCA,Turkcapar Mehmet Hakan Mediation Role of Experiential Avoidance in the Relationship Between Subjective Vitality and Depression. Bilişsel Davranışçı Psikoterapi ve Araştırmalar Dergisi 10, no.3 (2021): 297 - 303. 10.5455/JCBPR.24831 |
| MLA | Ogutlu Hakan,Doğan Uğur,ADIGÜZEL ARCA,Turkcapar Mehmet Hakan Mediation Role of Experiential Avoidance in the Relationship Between Subjective Vitality and Depression. Bilişsel Davranışçı Psikoterapi ve Araştırmalar Dergisi, vol.10, no.3, 2021, ss.297 - 303. 10.5455/JCBPR.24831 |
| AMA | Ogutlu H,Doğan U,ADIGÜZEL A,Turkcapar M Mediation Role of Experiential Avoidance in the Relationship Between Subjective Vitality and Depression. Bilişsel Davranışçı Psikoterapi ve Araştırmalar Dergisi. 2021; 10(3): 297 - 303. 10.5455/JCBPR.24831 |
| Vancouver | Ogutlu H,Doğan U,ADIGÜZEL A,Turkcapar M Mediation Role of Experiential Avoidance in the Relationship Between Subjective Vitality and Depression. Bilişsel Davranışçı Psikoterapi ve Araştırmalar Dergisi. 2021; 10(3): 297 - 303. 10.5455/JCBPR.24831 |
| IEEE | Ogutlu H,Doğan U,ADIGÜZEL A,Turkcapar M "Mediation Role of Experiential Avoidance in the Relationship Between Subjective Vitality and Depression." Bilişsel Davranışçı Psikoterapi ve Araştırmalar Dergisi, 10, ss.297 - 303, 2021. 10.5455/JCBPR.24831 |
| ISNAD | Ogutlu, Hakan vd. "Mediation Role of Experiential Avoidance in the Relationship Between Subjective Vitality and Depression". Bilişsel Davranışçı Psikoterapi ve Araştırmalar Dergisi 10/3 (2021), 297-303. https://doi.org/10.5455/JCBPR.24831 |
