The paths of arbitration and the European Convention on Human Rights intersected long time ago and this intersection simultaneously resulted in the assessment of arbitration within the context of human rights. Specifically, the dominance of party autonomy and the principle of confidentiality raises doubts and causes controversy as to both the extent of arbitral proceedings’ compliance with the procedural guarantees stipulated under Article 6 of the Convention and whether arbitrators have an obligation/duty to adhere to these guarantees. While this controversy does not exist in the context of compulsory arbitration, the same cannot be said for consensual arbitration. So far as consensual arbitration is concerned, some scholars opine that the Convention is not compatible with arbitration and accordingly cannot apply to arbitral proceedings. However, the judgments rendered by the European Court of Human Rights show that the Court deems the procedural guarantees enshrined into Article 6 to be applicable to arbitral proceedings. Further, some judgments of the Court exhibit that, under some particular circumstances, Article 6 violations committed by arbitrators may be attributed to States and accordingly States may be held liable for these violations.