As a result of the idea of limiting political power, which is the main basis of constitutionalism, the tendency to make written constitutions was also effective in the Ottoman. The first written constitution came into force as a result of the long efforts of a group of intellectuals who saw the liberation of the state in the adoption of a constitutional regime. Constitutions are a document reflecting the political, economic and cultural values of the society from which they come out. Kanun-i Esasi was also born as a result of the conditions of the period in which it was made. The constitution, made in order to dominate the understanding national sovereignty and limited power, has revealed a structure that accepts the rule of the Sultan far from this ideal and strengthens him more on the constitutional ground. However, in 1909, Kanun-i Esasi was greatly changed and it led to the transition to a legitimate regime in a real sense. The aim of the study is to question how the powers and functioning of the legislative and executive branch in Kanun-i Esasi put forward a regime in the context of principles such as the principle of separation of powers, political control, and the rule of law. In this direction, the study was formed in two parts, taking into account the first version of the Kanun-i Esasi and the changes it underwent in 1909. When examining the regime brought about by the Constitution both the political and historical aspects of the issue were taken into account. For this purpose, first of all, the process that prepares the Constitution will focus on what conditions and how the Constitution is made. It will then be discussed how a legislative and executive branch is formed in the Constitution and what the powers and functions of these two branches are.