This study examines the effects of the bundle of antimicrobial stewardship measures for prophylactic antibiotics among thoracic surgery patients. A local protocol, based on current guidelines starting from December 2014, was developed by the Infection Control and Thoracic Surgery Teams. The effects of this protocol were assessed by monitoring a total of 1380 patients before and after its implementation from January 1, 2011, to December 31, 2022.

Objective: Improvements in SARS-CoV-2 diagnosis with easy, rapid and cost-effective approaches are required to control the COVID-19 pandemic. Antigen tests result in 5 to 30 minutes, providing an advantage over polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in duration. We tested the performance of the i-test COVID-19 rapid antigen test to real-time reverse transcriptase PCR in 200 symptomatic COVID-19 suspected patients. The cycle threshold (Ct) values of the patients were found to be between 21.6 and 34.4. The Ct value of 10 patients who tested positive in the PCR test was >30. We found that the sensitivity and specificity of the antigen test were 80.6 % and 93.7 %, respectively, for samples with a Ct value of <30, and overall agreement between antigen and PCR test was 91.6 % for these samples. i-test COVID-19 rapid antigen test can be used for screening in schools, factories, nursing homes, and everywhere where PCR test is unavailable.

Objective: The study aimed to investigate the reliability of ChatGPT’s answers to medical questions, including those sourced from patients and guide recommendations. The focus was on evaluating ChatGPT’s accuracy in responding to various types of infectious disease questions. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted using 200 questions sourced from social media, experts, and guidelines related to various infectious diseases like urinary tract infection, pneumonia, HIV, various types of hepatitis, COVID-19, skin infections, and tuberculosis. The questions were arranged for clarity and consistency by excluding repetitive or unclear ones. The answers were based on guidelines from reputable sources like the Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), European Association for the Study of Liver Disease (EASL) and Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS) AIDSinfo. According to the scoring system, completely correct answers were given 1-point, and completely incorrect ones were given 4-points. To assess reproducibility, each question was posed twice on separate computers. Repeatability was determined by the consistency of the answers’ scores. Results: In the study, ChatGPT was posed with 200 questions: 107 from social media platforms and 93 from guidelines. The questions covered a range of topics: urinary tract infections (n=18 questions), pneumonia (n=22), HIV (n=39), hepatitis B and C (n=53), COVID-19 (n=11), skin and soft tissue infections (n=38), and tuberculosis (n=19). The lowest accuracy was 72% for urinary tract infections. ChatGPT answered 92% of social media platform questions correctly (scored 1-point) versus 69% of guideline questions (p =0.001; OR=5.48, 95% CI=2.29-13.11). Conclusion: Artificial intelligence is widely used in the medical field by both healthcare professionals and patients. Although ChatGPT answers questions from social media platforms quite properly, we recommend that healthcare professionals be conscientious when using it.

Objective: Contact tracing aids epidemic control by enabling early detection and isolation without overburdening healthcare systems despite potential challenges. This study aimed to evaluate the practical application of contact and risk assessment-based models in predicting SARS-CoV-2 infection following exposure among healthcare workers in a large tertiary public university hospital in Türkiye. Material and Methods: The study was designed as a retrospective cohort study, including contact tracing data from 3389 exposed healthcare workers from March 23, 2020, to October 22, 2021. Contact-based (mask use, contact duration and distance) and exposure risk-assessment-based (low, medium, high-risk) models with and without having symptoms were generated using logistic regression. SARS-CoV-2 infection was defined as having a positive SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR test result. Adjustments were made to the models for demographic and occupational variables, previous infection, and vaccination. Model parameters were compared. Results: Of 3389 exposed healthcare workers, 2451 underwent RT-PCR testing. Among those tested, RT-PCR positivity was 5.9% (144/2451). Lack of personal protective equipment use (odds ratio [OR]=1.64, 95% confidence interval [CI]=1.03-2.66) and ≥15 minutes of contact duration (1.89, 1.21-3.09) were significantly associated with RT-PCR positivity. In the risk-assessment model, being a high-risk contact increased the odds of RT-PCR positivity (OR=2.76, 95% CI=1.61-5.03). Adding the presence of symptoms to contact-based and risk assessment models improved model parameters (Akaike information criterion [AIC]: from 1086.1 to 1083.1; Tjur’s R2: from 0.016 to 0.019, respectively). Conclusion: The inclusion of being symptomatic improved the contact-based and risk assessment-based models. Institutions should be encouraged to incorporate symptom inquiries into risk assessment protocols in response to newly emerging respiratory virus epidemics. Institutions lacking the capacity for extensive contact tracing are recommended, at minimum, to track symptomatic exposed workers for epidemic control.

Objective: Patients with COVID-19 accompanying cancer have been reported to have higher morbidity and mortality. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the high-dose high intravenous anakinra treatment response and outcome in patients with COVID-19-associated cytokine storm accompanying cancer. Methods: This retrospective observational study was carried out at a tertiary referral center between September 01, 2021, and February 01, 2022, in Turkey. The study population consisted of two groups: patients receiving high-dose intravenous anakinra and patients treated with standard care. Results: Data from 146 patients in the anakinra group and 114 patients in the control group were analyzed. Malignancy frequency was 11% (n=16) in the anakinra group and 7% (n=8) in the control group. In survival analysis, a significantly lower survival rate was observed in patients with malignancy than those without in the control group (log-rank: p=0.002) and patients with malignancy in the control group compared to the anakinra group (log-rank: p=0.013). However, it did not differ between patients with and without malignancy in the anakinra group (log-rank: p=0.9). Conclusion: In the control group, mortality was higher in patients with malignancy compared to those without malignancy, but not in the anakinra group. Also, mortality was higher in patients receiving SoC compared to anakinra. Intravenous high-dose anakinra treatment is safe and effective in patients with COVID-19 accompanying cancer.

Objective: This study aimed to determine the predictors for significant hepatic abnormality (SHA), a treatment indication, by assessing demographic, laboratory, and radiological results of chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients who underwent liver biopsy. Materials and Methods: In this retrospective study, individuals with untreated hepatitis B e-antigen (HBeAg)-negative CHB infection were enrolled. Multivariate analysis modeling was conducted with parameters identified as predictors for SHA in univariate analysis. Optimal threshold levels for variables to predict SHA in patients with chronic hepatitis B were determined based on receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. Results: A total of 566 patients with untreated chronic hepatitis B were included in the cohort; 61% (345/566) were male, and the median age was 41 years (interquartile range [IQR]=34-50). Notably, 36.9% (209/566) had SHA. In the multivariate analysis, utilizing different models, age, gender, HBV-DNA, LDL, ALT, and platelet count were identified as the most reliable predictors for SHA in CHB patients. For predicting SHA, the area under the ROC curve values of HBV-DNA, AST, and ALT were 0.704 (sensitivity=62.8%, specificity=76.2%; p<0.0001), 0.747 (sensitivity=51.9%, specificity=88.9%; p<0.0001), and 0.737 (sensitivity=68.6%, specificity=68.4%; p<0.0001), respectively. Conclusion: In our study, age, male gender, ALT, AST, HBV-DNA, LDL cholesterol, platelet count, and FIB-4 score were independent predictors of SHA in HBeAg-negative chronic hepatitis B. The most sensitive parameters for SHA were LDL and ALT. The most specific param- eters were age, AST, and APRI score. SHA may occur in patients with high HBV-DNA levels, even if ALT values are normal in HBeAg-negative patients.

Objective: Antimicrobial resistance can lead to morbidity and mortality in serious infections. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the knowledge and attitudes of patients admitted to the outpatient clinics of our hospital about the rational use of antibiotics. Materials and Methods: Patients who applied to Infectious Diseases and Internal Diseases Polyclinics between August 01, 2021 and February 01, 2022 were included. After obtaining written consent from those who agreed to participate in the study, a face-to-face questionnaire was applied to evaluate their knowledge and attitudes about antibiotic use. Results: A total of 735 patients were included in the study; 64.1% were women, and the mean age was 40±15 years. The median of the total correct score on the scale measuring the patients’ knowledge level in the study was 5. It was determined that individuals who scored 5 or less did not have sufficient knowledge, and those who scored above 5 had sufficient knowledge. Female gender, being single, being a university graduate, and hav- ing a middle income were associated with sufficient knowledge level (p<0.05). The rates of self-starting or using antibiotics until the complaints subsided were higher in the group with insufficient knowledge (p<0.05). Conclusions: The knowledge level of our patients regarding antibiotic use provided better results in all parameters, such as the number of visits to the doctor, self-starting antibiotics, using the antibiotic in the appropriate indication, and complying with the duration. The knowledge level was found to be associated with the appropriate antibiotic use.

Objective: Reuse of medical devices poses risks concerning technical issues and patient safety. In this study, we aimed to examine the structural changes in catheters that occur due to the reuse with the aid of electron microscopy. Materials and Methods: The effects of hydrogen peroxide (HP) and ethylene oxide (EO) sterilization on four percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) catheters and control PTCA catheters were examined by scanning electron microscope (SEM). Each catheter sample was divided into four parts during the SEM examination, and a total of 20 pieces were examined. Catheters were reprocessed through every regular sterilization step and used solely for the study, not in patients. Statistical evaluations of histological scoring made on images obtained from scanning electron microscopic images were made using the GraphPad Prism 8 program. Results: Electron microscopical examination showed that HP sterilization caused more robust and deeper lines compared to EO. These distortions increased directly with the increase in the reprocessing cycle. In EO, no significant damage was detected within five cycles in contrast to HP; however, the harmful effects of EO were seen over five cycles. Unprocessed samples had no damage. Outer and inner deterioration was significantly higher in the EO>5 group and HP>5 group than in the control group. However, the bacterial contamination score in the EO>5 group was higher than the control group. Conclusion: Our findings showed that HP and EO sterilizations caused some deterioration in the inner and outer surfaces of PTCA catheter samples. We recommend reprocessing using EO, the least damaging method, when necessary, and paying attention not to exceed five cycles when necessary.

Oral cancer is most common in developing countries, but is also seen in the rest of the world. In more than 90% of cases, squamous cell is found. Treatment is surgical with or without subsequent adjuvant therapy. Patients with tumors have a higher risk of thrombosis, assuming that the underlying pathophysiological mechanism is endothelial dysfunction. The presented case describes the development of acute thrombosis of the right common femoral artery in a patient with late diagnosed carcinoma of the floor of the oral cavity after a consecutive treatment with cisplatin, 5-fluorouracil and cetuximab. A 62-year-old man was diagnosed with squamous cell carcinoma of the floor of the oral cavity, with subsequent surgical resection and radiotherapy. Due to recurrence, a laryngectomy was performed and 6 courses of chemotherapy with cisplatin, 5-fluorouracil and cetuximab were followed. 2 days after the last infusion, acute peripheral arterial thrombosis was developed. Cancer and applied antitumor therapy exert a synergistic effect on coagulation activation. The exact mechanisms by which thrombotic complications occur are not fully understood. They suggest a toxic damage to the vascular endothelium, which leads to a decreased expression of nitric oxide synthetase and, accordingly, vasodilation, a decrease in anticoagulants and an increase in the levels of procoagulants such as tissue factor, which activates coagulation and induces the activation of platelets. The general practitioner occupies a central role in the health care system in a number of countries. In order to be able to perform its complex activities and successfully solve diverse health problems it is necessary to possess specific knowledge and skills from various fields of medicine.

Abstract Diaphragmatic eventration is commonly seen following high-energy traumas, particularly due to traffic accidents and falls from significant heights. This pathology has the potential to influence both the gastrointestinal and cardiorespiratory systems, presenting with a variety of symptoms. A 45-year-old male patient, with a history of trauma from falling off a tree, sought medical attention at our clinic with dyspeptic complaints and symptoms of shortness of breath. During the physical examination, diminished sounds were detected in the right lung field, along with epigastric tenderness. For diagnostic purposes, a posteroanterior chest radiograph (CXRs) and thoracic computed tomography (CT) scan were obtained. A subsequent bronchoscopy, performed with a pulmonology consultation, revealed decreased diaphragmatic movements. Taking into account the findings, a thoracic surgery treatment plan was devised for the patient. This case report underscores the significance of considering the seldom-encountered pathology of diaphragmatic eventration in patients presenting with dyspeptic and respiratory complaints. Keeping in mind that patients with such symptoms frequently turn to family physicians, it highlights the pivotal role of a multidisciplinary primary care approach in initiating the diagnostic trajectory.

Objective: The aim of our study was to investigate whether there is a relationship between shoulder complex pathologies and cervical disc herniations. Methods: This study retrospectively included 524 patients with both dominant extremity shoulder and neck magnetic resonance examinations obtained from the information processing unit of Düzce University Faculty of Medicine between 01.08.2009-01.08.2023. The results were compared in Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). Results: A total of 524 patients, 153 (29.2%) males and 371 (70.8%) females, with a mean age of 51.17±13.70 (range, 13-93) years, were included in the study.According to the statistical analysis of our study, 410 of the participants had supraspinatus pathology, 234 had infraspinatus pathology, 243 had subscapularis pathology and 11 had teres minor pathology. In addition, a statistically significant relationship was found between other shoulder pathologies and herniations at the C4-C5 and C5-C6 disc level (p

Objective: This research aims to examine the knowledge level and awareness of Faculty of Medicine students about medical artificial intelligence technologies. Methods: In this study involving students studying at Medical Faculties in Turkey, descriptive questionnaire, and the Medical Artificial Intelligence Readiness Scale for Medical Students (MAIRS-MS) were used. The suitability of continuous variables for normal distribution was tested with the Shapiro-Wilk test. Descriptive statistics for continuous variables are presented as mean and standard deviation or median (Q1-Q3). Descriptive statistics for categorical variables are reported as frequencies and percentages. Homogeneity of variances was evaluated with the Levene test. Mann Whitney U test was used to compare the scale subdimension and total scores according to two independent groups; One-way Analysis of Variance or Kruskal Wallis test was used to compare the scale subdimensions and total scores according to more than two independent groups. Dunn-Bonferroni test was used for multiple comparisons if there was a significant difference between the groups. The relationship between MAIRS-MS subdimensions and MAIRS-MS score was evaluated with the Spearman correlation coefficient. MAIRS-MS reliability was determined by Cronbach alpha value. The value of p

Objective: In patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA), bone metabolism may be negatively affected due to both the activity of the disease and the medications used. Our study aimed to investigate the necessity of evaluating 25 hydroxyvitamin D (25 (OH) Vit D), calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) levels and possible related factors in the follow-up of patients diagnosed with JIA. Method: The records of 68 patients with JIA were retrospectively evaluated. Disease subtypes, medications used, and whether they were in remission or active disease were reviewed. Results: 25 OH Vit D levels were low in 14.7% of patients with JIA compared to the control group. 66.6% of the patients with systemic arthritis had high ALP levels. 25 OH Vit D level was low in 16.6% of steroid users, and Vitamin D level was low in 55.5% of the patients in the active disease group. It was determined that patients in the active disease group had the highest ALP and lowest vitamin D levels compared to patients in remission with and without medication. Conclusion: Bone metabolism in patients with JIA is negatively affected. Since vitamin D plays a crucial role in bone metabolism, it was emphasized that vitamin D levels should be evaluated especially during active disease and supplements should be provided for patients with low vitamin D levels.

Objective: Respiratory pandemics cannot be prevented from spreading if the mask is not worn correctly. This study aims to determine people's awareness of mask use and the factors that influence mask use during a period when masks are mandatory. Materials and Methods: This descriptive study was conducted in a university hospital during the COVID-19 pandemic (June 2020), when mask use was mandatory. Participants were asked to complete a questionnaire on socio-demographic characteristics and mask use. Results: In the presented study, 705 people were included. The mean age of the participants was 35.86±8.77 (18-65) years old and 71.2% (n=502) were male, and 45.5% (n=321) were university graduates. Full compliance with the pandemic rules was achieved by 83.7% of women (n=170) and 58.0% of men (n=291) (p

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of individually designed insoles on physical activity level, balance and functional performance in patients with pes planus. Methods: 38 participants were divided into 2 groups as 3D printed (n=20) and placebo(n=18). In the 3D printed group, medial longitudinal arch support, medial wedge of the foot, medial heel wedge and transverse arch support were given to the insoles according to the needs of the participants. The placebo group received placebo insoles. Range of motion, muscle strength, static and dynamic balance, physical and physical activity levels were measured at baseline, and eight weeks later (clinicaltrials.gov ID: NCT05306886). Results: Muscle strengths of the plantar flexion and eversion increased after the use of insoles in the 3D printed and placebo groups (p0.05), but there were significant improvements in dynamic balance in both groups (p

Objective: In this study, we aimed to develop a valid and reliable scale to measure the level of awareness of people about COVID-19. Methods: A total of 244 people participated in the research. The item pool was created in line with the literature and expert opinions. The prepared items were examined by four experts in terms of content validity, language, and expression, and a 28-item scale form was created. Following these stages, the first form consisting of 28 items was applied to 29 people as a pilot study. Explanatory and confirmatory factor analyses were employed to test the construct validity. Results: As a result of the explanatory factor analysis, it was determined that the scale consisted of 15 items and 3 sub-dimensions. These sub-dimensions were respectively named “Protection”, “Knowledge of COVID”, and “Effort to Obtain Information”. When the fit indices obtained from the confirmatory factor analysis results were examined, we saw that the three-factor scale construct had a high fit at an acceptable level. Conclusions: Based on the data obtained from this study, we concluded that the COVID-19 awareness scale was valid and reliable to evaluate the awareness level of people. Keywords Awareness; COVID-19; Validity; Reliability; Scale

Objective: Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) is a marker used to detect prostate cancer. When high PSA values are detected, a prostate biopsy is performed considering the possibility of prostate cancer. PSA elevation is not specific to prostate cancer, but may also be caused by conditions such as benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), urinary tract infection, and chronic prostatitis. Prostate cancer is not detected in approximately 66% of patients undergoing a biopsy, and patients are exposed to unnecessary biopsy and biopsy complications. Chronic prostatitis is detected in approximately 40% of these biopsies. The two-glass test is based on examining urine before and after rectal examination, which is used in diagnosing chronic prostatitis. In this study, we aimed to reveal the two-glass test’s effectiveness in predicting the incidence of prostatitis and inflammation in patients with a PSA value of 2.5-10 ng/ml and who underwent prostate needle biopsy. Methods: Fifty-two male patients, aged between 50 and 78 years, with PSA values between 2.5 and 10 ng/ml, who applied to our clinic were included in the study. EPS-two-glass test and prostate biopsy were applied to all patients. EPS; is a sample obtained by removing the fluid from the urethra after a prostate massage; VB-3; shows the urine produced by taking about 10 ml of urine voided after massage. EPS and VB3 detect prostate infection. Under the microscope, ≥10 leukocytes were considered significant for prostate inflammation. According to the pathology results, the patients were divided into 3 groups; prostate cancer, BPH, and chronic prostatitis. The chronic prostatitis group was classified according to the histopathological calcification described by Nickel. Results: In this study, the ratio of chronic prostatitis was found to be 38%. VB3 positivity was found to be statistically significant in the chronic prostatitis group compared to the other groups (p = 0.028). Although there was no statistically significant difference between the prevalence of inflammation and PSA elevation, PSA was found to be higher in the multifocal inflammation subgroup than in the focal inflammation patient group. Conclusion: The relationship between chronic prostatitis and PSA elevation remains a mystery. Although no statistical relationship was found between inflammation and PSA elevation in this study, the significant correlation between chronic prostatitis and VB3 positivity reinforces the possibility of this relationship. We believe that our results will form the basis for further studies to avoid unnecessary biopsies.

Objectives: This study aims to compare of CHA₂DS₂VASc and R₂CHA₂DS₂VASc score estimation of in-hospital mortality among COVID-19 patients and find a new scoring system that can better predict the hospital mortality by adding some laboratory parameters to the CHA₂DS₂VASc and R₂CHA₂DS₂VASc scores. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study. A total of 1076 COVID-19 patients with confirmed COVID-19 PCR tests were included from September 2020 to March 2021. Age, sex, comorbidity, laboratory, survival times, and death status of the patients were recorded. The scores CHA₂DS₂VASc and R₂CHA₂DS₂VASc of each patient were calculated. A new mortality prediction score was created to establish the most effective model with logistic regression analysis, including laboratory values. Results: Of the 1076 patients hospitalized for COVID-19, 15.1% died, while 84.9% survived. There was no significant difference between the two groups in sex. All comorbidities were significantly higher in the deceased than in the survivors (p

Objective :In Parkinson’s disease (PD), lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) are common with a prevalence ranging from 25% to 57%. Patients who are resistant to medical treatment for LUTS may require urodynamic examination and pressure flow study (UD-PFS) to better comprehend the bladder's dynamics. To be able to comprehend the pathophysiology of LUTS, UD-PFS examinations should be performed. In this study, the demographics and clinical properties of PD patients were presented along with their UD-PFS examinations. Method : The data of 155 patients with PD followed up between 2010-2020 were retrospectively analyzed. UD-PFS was applied to 42 PD patients resistant to medical treatment of LUTS. Patients' demographic and clinical data with their UD-PFS findings were studied separately. Result : Twenty-eight of the patients underwent UD-PFS were male, and 14 were female. In UD, the first urinary sensation was 86.00±68.77cc, and the maximum cystometric capacity was 322.07±194.25cc. Sixteen patients had a hypo-compliant bladder, 25 (59.5%) had a normo-compliant bladder. In PFS, Q max and peak detrusor pressure during voiding were 12.72±10.08 mL/sec and 43.93±15.56 cm-H2O, respectively. Stress-type urinary incontinence was detected in 6 (15%) of the patients. When evaluating the detrusor activity, neurogenic detrusor overactivity in 18 (44%) patients, detrusor areflexia in 8 (19%) and normal UD-PFS in 16 (22%) patients. Conclusion: The majority of the patients presented with neurogenic detrusor overactivity accompanied by diminished bladder capacity and hypersensitivity. In the selected PD patients who are resistant to medical treatment with LUTS clinics, UD-PFS provides useful scientific information about the LUTS clinics of patients and may be helpful in treatment management.

Aims: In this study, our objective was to evaluate mean platelet volume (MPV), an indirect marker of platelet activation, in patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), and assess the effect of OSA treatment with continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) on MPV Methods: In this study, records of consecutive patients who underwent polysomnographic evaluation for OSA symptoms in the Sleep Disorders Laboratory during a one-year period were reviewed retrospectively. Patients who had both complete blood count and MPV measurements were included in the study. Results: A total of 158 patients, including 51 females (32.3%) and 107 males (67.7%), were included in the study. The mean age of the patients was 51±13 (min-18, max-82) years. OSA was detected in 74.1% (117/158) of the patients. It was determined that as the severity of OSA increased, hemoglobin and hematocrit values increased significantly. There was no significant difference in platelet count according to the presence and severity of OSA. The MPV was significantly lower in severe OSA cases compared to those without OSA and mild OSA cases. A negative correlation was observed between MPV and the apnea-hypopnea index, desaturation index, and the amount of oxygen saturation below 90% during sleep. There was no significant difference in median erythrocyte and thrombocyte counts, hematocrit percentage and hemoglobin values before and after treatment in OSA patients who used CPAP therapy. However, a significant decrease in MPV was observed after OSA treatment compared to pre-treatment. (p=0.021). Conclusions: The results of the study do not support an increase in MPV and hence platelet activation in severe OSA patients compared with those without OSA. However, the results suggest that one month of CPAP treatment reduces MPV and thus platelet activation in severe OSA patients. Further controlled, prospective studies including treatment outcomes are needed on this subject.

Objective: The aim of the study was to assess attitudes and behaviors related to cancer screening using an attitude scale for cancer screening among individuals aged 30-70 with and without type 2 diabetes mellitus. Methods: This prospective case-control study was conducted from March to May 2023 at a single center. A total of 197 participants, including 67 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and 130 participants without type 2 diabetes mellitus aged 30-70, were enrolled using simple random sampling. For the assessment, a sociodemographic form prepared through a literature review and the attitude scale for cancer screening were used. A statistical significance level of p

Objective: The aim of this study is to evaluate the conventional and diffusion MRI findings of ring-shaped lateral ventricular nodules (RSLVN) along with clinical features. Methods: MR images of all patients who underwent contrast-enhanced brain MRI between 2019 and 2023 were retrospectively evaluated. The number, shape, maximal diameter, and signal intensity of RSLVNs on T1-weighted (T1W), T2-weighted (T2W), fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) and diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI), and contrast-enhancement status were evaluated. Apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values and normalized ADC ratios of nodules were also determined. If follow-up MRIs were performed, morphological changes of RSLVNs were evaluated. Results: RSLVN was observed in fifteen (0.51%) of 2920 patients. Multiple RSLVNs were observed in five patients and therefore a total of 23 RSLVNs were identified in fifteen patients. Nodules were located on the roof of the lateral ventricle in eight nodules (34.8%), in the frontal horn in twelve nodules (52.2%), and in the septum pellucidum in three. 6 of 23 RSLVNs (26.1%) were larger than 1 cm. All RSLVNs were isointense on T1W and T2W, while hyperintense on FLAIR. On DWI, 20 of 23 RSLVNs had isointense signal and the remaining 3 lesions were hyperintense. The mean ADC value and nADC ratio were 1.42 ± 0.29 x 10-3mm2 and 1.87 ± 0.31, respectively. Conclusion: RSLVNs may be more frequent than previously reported. Their uniform MRI appearance and typical localizations are distinctive, and they can reach relatively large sizes. Morphological stability during follow-up and the ADC values of these lesions suggest a possible benign nature.

Objective: Annexin A1(AnxA1) is an anti-inflammatory mediator. In the current study,we aimed to evaluate whether or not serum Annexin A1 levels of inflammatory boweldiseases (IBDs) patients relate to the clinical and laboratory traits of IBDs. Methods: This case-control study included 67 ulcerative colitis (UC) patients (47 males and 20 females), 53 Crohn’s disease (CD) patients (37 males and 16 females) and 60 healthy controls (36 males and 24 females). The Mayo Clinical scoring system (MCS) was used for UC and the histological activity index (HAI) was determined by Truelove and Richards method. The Crohn's disease activity index (CDAI) was used for CD patients. Montreal classification was used for the localization of IBDs. Results: The mean serum AnxA1 concentrations were not statistically significant in UC, CD and the control groups (26.36±17.30 ng/ml vs 22.98±12.74 vs 24.45±12.18 ng/ml respectively, p=0.404). The MCS, HAI of UC patients negatively correlated with the serum AnxA1 values (rho=-0.616, p

Objective:Although children presenting with respiratory tract infection (RTI) symptoms can be managed by in primary care, these symptoms are the most common reasons for children to present to the emergency department(ED). The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of the education given to mothers by their family physician in reducing the unnecessary admissions of children with RTI symptoms to the ED. Method:A quasi-experimental, single-blinded, controlled educational intervention study was conducted with the mothers of 6 months–6 years old children. Family Medicine Units were randomized as control and intervention group. Sociodemographic features, admissions to ED, fever-related practices were questioned and a questionnaire including propositions on Knowledge, Attitude and Behaviour (KAB) about RTI symptoms (KABaRTIS) were applied in both groups before-after the intervention. Intervention group received one-to-one, face-to-face education focusing on home management of acute RTI symptoms and alarm findings, also a booklet was given. No intervention was made to the control group. Result:Study was completed with 178 mothers(Control:118, Intervention:60). The KABaRTIS scores of the mothers increased significantly in both groups(Control:76.9-82.2;p

During the last years, infant and toddler practice is receiving increased attention at the policy level. Yet, little is known about what infant/toddler practice entails and how educators working with children of this age group view their role and professional identity. The present mixed methods study aims at filling the research gap on what the professional identity and the work of infant and toddler educators entails, what are the characteristics that constitute an infant/toddler educator professionally and on the extent to which they are well prepared to perform their multi-dimensional role. 51 Greek infant/toddler educators responded to an online questionnaire which included close and open-ended questions. Results reveal that the role of infant/toddler educators is complex and multi-faceted and that infant/toddler educators spent most of their time in education and care practices rather than managerial practices. In addition, results highlight that care moves beyond narrow definitions that include routines, to a broader image of care which involves educational and relational aspects. Divergences between practices adopted in infant and toddler classrooms have also been revealed. The results highlight the need to further explore infant and toddler educators’ voices about their role, professional identity and work.

e public education policy of an individual country determines, among other things, the ways of documenting the educational process and children’s outcomes. This paper explores the opinion of preschool teachers about documenting children’s development. The sample included preschool teachers from two systems, or two different curricular approaches. One exists in the Republic of Croatia (curriculum based on the competence framework) and other in Bosnia and Herzegovina (curriculum based on normative outcomes). The measuring instrument Questionnaire of Preschool Teachers’ Opinions on Monitoring the Psycho-physical Status of Children (α= .847), was constructed for research purposes. The Questionnaire was based on relevant literature and insights into existing educational practices. On a dichotomously structured 4-level scale, preschool teachers estimated that the most important purpose of documenting children’s development is the planning of developmental incentives (M=3.63; SD= 0.495). They agree that monitoring should be continuous throughout the entire academic year (M=3.53; SD= 0.666). Likewise, preschool teachers are less inclined to one-time assessments of a children’s psycho-physical status, considering “a testing” unlikely to provide a realistic image of their development (M=1.88; SD=0.797). No correlation was found between preschool teachers’ age, length of service, and level of education. Using the t-test of independent samples, a mild/weak, but statistically significant difference in the preschool teachers’ assessment between the subsamples was determined.

Reading comprehension enables each child to make meaning of the world. Therefore, it is important to develop this during the child’s primary years in school. Using ex post facto design, this study investigated the effects of reading methods on English reading comprehension of randomly selected 75 Grade 2 pupils in a private school in the Philippines. The scores of pupils who read two comparable narrative passages in oral and silent were compared. Paired t-test results revealed a significant difference between oral reading and silent reading. Silent reading had a greater positive effect on the comprehension of the pupils. Likewise, it was the most preferred reading method among the respondents. Focus group discussion with English teachers results suggested that silent reading was preferred specifically because it helps in understanding the story better, remembering words, and concentrating given its quiet and peaceful nature. It is recommended that teachers employ sustained silent reading classroom practices such as: Silent Reading Activity (SRA) Reading Laboratory, Genuine Love for Reading activities through the Four-pronged approach and Drop Everything and Read time. These methods will help to support the reading needs and preference of the generation alpha pupils and to further strengthen the positive effects of silent reading on improving their reading comprehension.

Families are the ultimate recipients of the effects of policy, but seldom get a seat at the policymaking table. This study investigated how parents perceive the impacts of unequal teacher compensation policies on New York City’s (NYC) Universal Pre-K (UPK) expansion. Utilizing Bronfenbrenner's (1979) ecological systems theory and Schneider and Ingram’s (1993) theory of social construction and policy design to create a rich conceptual framework, this qualitative study analyzed parents' voices through document and social media discourse analysis expanding from 2014 to 2021, and semi- structured interviews (n=15). Participants reflected the demographic diversity found in NYC, the largest school system in the country. The data analysis occurred in three sequential stages: (a) content analysis of documents, (b) thematic analysis of interview data, and (c) compilation of findings from these analyses to draw comprehensive conclusions. Findings revealed that while parents had limited engagement with policy, they were able to articulate the detrimental effects of compensation policies—particularly the effect of teacher turnover on their daily lives—with a disproportional effect on parents of racially minoritized backgrounds or living in low-income neighborhoods. The rich interviews unearthed the dissonance between the policy’s intent and its effect on perpetuating racial and socio-economic biases. Recommendations for advocacy and engagement are provided.

Early childhood (EC) directors played a critical role in the successful operation of childcare centers during the COVID-19 Pandemic. Directors were responsible for adhering to health and safety protocols and caring for the well-being of their staff, children, and families. Due to the need to remain open for other first responders’ families, Directors were challenged with fluctuating numbers of staff and children, and in other cases, they were tasked with transitioning their programs online to serve children. This study examines 10 US EC Directors’ perspectives and leadership experiences during the Pandemic. From interviews with the participants, themes emerged to illustrate how EC Directors utilized adaptive leadership skills and strengths-based leadership. Findings from this study are beneficial not only to understand how EC Directors led during the Pandemic, but also which skills, resources, and supports are necessary for future times of crises and challenging times. This article offers recommendations for researchers, policymakers, and other decision-makers on how best to support EC Directors in future times of uncertainty.

The global health crisis, COVID-19, swiftly enveloped people all around the world. Upon the World Health Organization declared the COVID-19 as a pandemic, numerous countries have determined their own road maps. The main purpose of this study was to understand the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on the life balance of parents with children aged 0-6 years in Türkiye. This study was a cross-sectional design. The data was collected from 514 parents who have at least one child at the age of 6 or less. Results showed that there were several direct and indirect relationships between demographic measures (gender, age, educational status, number of children in home and employment status of parents), mediating variables (self-rated measures such as support from distance learning, support from others), and endogenous variables (life balance variables). The findings of the study showed that “new normal” has entailed potential job losses for some individuals and changed perspectives and delivery methods of education. The findings also highlighted the importance of parents’ engagement into education for understanding and helping children’s development.

Swedish school-age educare has, in the last 25 years, undergone extensive reforms with revised goals for work in practice and new working conditions. The reforms and changing conditions seem to have challenged practice in terms of quality. Since 2010, instead of programme evaluation for generating knowledge about the expected benefits for children of attending school-age educare, quality and evaluation have been regulated in the Education Act 2010:800(2010) as decentralised, continuous, ongoing systematic quality work led by school leaders and teachers themselves. The aim of this study was to examine the norms and the social order forming evaluation in school-age educare practice, including how staff think institutionally about evaluation, how evaluation is classified and categorised and identifying institutional shadows. The article is built on interviews with 53 staff members in twelve different centres. The interviews were analysed using Mary Douglas’ (1986) theory about how institutions think. The analysis contains a careful reading of interviews through a theoretically informed institutional lens and has resulted in different categories of evaluation in SAEC, as well as the identification of an institutional shadow. Children’s experiences is discussed as the institutional grip and shadowing goals and results in evaluation. Finally, it argues for institutional change.

e Jolly Phonics Lessons application is a digital tool that is designed to enhance the preschoolers’ reading and writing skills through synthetic phonics approach. This study examined the impact of integrating Jolly Phonics Lessons application into literacy lessons on the emergent reading and writing skills among kindergarten students, ages 4 -6, in the United Arab Emirates through a comparative study between pupils (Group-A), whose literacy classes were integrated with the application, and pupils (Group-B) who were taught using the traditional method of teaching literacy. Mixed methods research design was followed to analyze the effects of integrating the application. The Phonemic Awareness Assessment Inventory (PAAI) tool, field notes, and artifacts were utilized to measure the development of students’ letter-sound identification, letter formation, phoneme blending and segmenting abilities. In addition, the paper compared the growth on phonics skills between students in Groups A and B. The results showed that students in Group-A outperformed pupils who received literacy instruction through traditional methods. The findings from the PAAI scores exhibited dramatic growth in letter-sound recognition and letter formation, and substantial increase in phoneme blending and segmenting abilities of Group-A. The T-statistic for differences between two means at 95% confidence revealed that there is a significant difference between the performance of students in Groups-A and B. Implications from this study highlight the positive impact of incorporating Jolly Phonics Lessons application into literacy classes on low-achieving students. On this bases, future research of Jolly Phonics Lesson application to support mixed-ability classes or students with dyslexia.

Outdoor free play encompasses unstructured, self-directed play in the outdoors and has been shown to support children’s health and development. Accurate and reliable measures are required to conduct research on children’s outdoor free play and examine cross-sectional and longitudinal variation. This study systematically reviews and evaluates measurement approaches for children’s outdoor free play used in existing literature. A scoping review was conducted to identify English-language peer-reviewed and grey literature that included measurements of the occurrence, frequency or duration of outdoor free play with children aged 2 to 17 years old. Studies were excluded if the outdoor free play measure included structured settings or activities, or focused on a specific location or play activity. Quantitative and qualitative content analysis was used to consider outdoor free play terminology, definition, and operationalization; positioning in relation to other variables and the topic of interest; and data collection context. A total of 4,860 unique studies were identified. After screening and full-text review, 184 papers were taken forward for analysis. Parent-recall questionnaires were used in 70.1% of included studies to measure outdoor free play, often using a single question to capture the variable. A lack of differentiation between outdoor play emanating from structured and unstructured settings was common, as was limited consideration of contextual factors such as season, school or non-school days, and time of day. The implications of existing approaches to measuring children’s outdoor free play and the need for valid and reliable measures to further research examining children’s outdoor free play are discussed.

Out-of-school mathematics education is a relatively new domain. This paper examines learning environments in out-of-school mathematics education, where teachers play a role. These environments fall into three major categories: (a) real- life settings (working places, outdoor environments, daily life settings like home), (b) designed learning enviro nments (e.g., museums, libraries, zoos), and (c) outside classroom settings in schools (e.g., school gymnasiums, art studios). This study highlights interchangeable use of “non-formal” and “informal” education by researchers and raises concerns regarding potential conflicts between informal education programs that employ formal approaches and the inherent nature of informal mathematics education. As a solution, this paper proposes using La Belle’s matrix (1982) to analyze current out —of-school mathematics education programs and identify their educational approaches. This contribution will broaden the conceptualization of out-of-school mathematics education and guide future research by examining critical issues.

1990’lı yıllarla birlikte çocukluk çalışmalarının sosyal bilimlerde kendine disiplinler arası bir yer edinmesiyle çocukluğa ve çocuğa dair ilgi giderek artmaktadır. Makalede, temel çocukluk çalışmaları kavramlarının Türkiye bağlamında irdelenerek kavramsal bakış açılarının özellikle eğitim merceğinden genişletilmesi rasyoneliyle Türkiye’deki çocukluk çalışmaları literatürüne katkı sağlamak amacıyla çocuk failliği, çocuk yetkinliği ve çocuk katılımı kavramları ele alınmıştır. Bu kavramların birbirleriyle ve çocukluk çalışmalarının diğer tartışmalarıyla etkileşimlerini göz önünde bulundurarak Türkiye'den akademik ve pratik örnekler global tartışmalarla bağdaştırılmış ve bu kavramsallaştırmalardan inşa edilen çocukluk imajları üzerine tartışmalar yapılmıştır. İçinde yaşadığımız çağın belirsizlikler çağı, ilişkilerin ise daha karmaşık ve birbirine bağlı ya da bağımlı olduğunu varsaydığımızda, bu çalışma çocukluğu tartışmak için başvurulan kavramların değişken ve dinamik yapısını daha anlaşılır kılmaktadır. Bu anlamda, çalışmamız faillik, yetkinlik ve katılım kavramları üzerinden çocuğun gündelik ilişkiler ağı içerisindeki ve toplumdaki konumunu irdeleyerek, bu alanda genişletilmesi ve geliştirilmesi gerektiği düşünülen akademik ve pratik uygulamalar için önerilerde bulunmaktadır.

Araştırmanın amacı, Türkiye Yükseköğretim Yeterlilikler Çerçevesi’ni (TYYÇ) Dinamik Yetenekler (DY) yaklaşımı bağlamında ele alarak lisansüstü yeterliliklerin kazandırılmasındaki yerine ilişkin bütünleşik bir bakış açısını eğitim yönet imi özelinde ortaya koymaktır. Araştırma derleme çalışması niteliğinde olup öncelikle TYYÇ bağlamına ilişkin bilgi verilmiş, DY yaklaşımı ve boyutları tanıtılarak eğitim alanında hangi bağlamlarda incelendiği açıklanmıştır. Ardından TYYÇ’nin yeterlilik boyutları DY bağlamında ele alınarak lisansüstü yeterliliklerin kazandırılmasında kullanılmasına ilişkin bir perspektif sunulmuştur. Araştırmada TYYÇ’nin öğrencilere kazandırmayı amaçladığı bilgi, beceri ve yetkinlikler boyutu yeterliliklerinin DY’nin fırsatları sezme ve algılama, fırsatları yakalama ve dönüştürme boyutları ile örtüştüğü görülmektedir. Ayrıca TYYÇ'nin hedeflediği uyum, yetenek, girişimcilik, yaratıcılık, üretkenlik, değişim, stratejik karar verme, bilgiyi oluşturma, öğrenme, teknoloji ve yenilik gibi kavramların DY kapsamında da yer aldığı tespit edilmiştir. DY bağlamını oluşturan, bilgiyi yayma, liderlik, sosyal ağ oluşturma, işbirlikçilik, çevreyi devamlı izleme, farklılık ve rekabet avantajı yaratma, ekip çalışması gibi anahtar kavramların TYYÇ tarafından da öğrenciye kazandırılmak üzere amaçlandığı belirlenmiştir. Araştırma sonuçları önemli çıkarımlar sağlamakta, DY bağlamını kullanarak TYYÇ yeterliliklerini daha etkin biçimde eğitim yönetimi lisansüstü programlarındaki öğrencilere kazandırmak için yapılabileceklerin önemi vurgulanmaktadır.

Ev ortamları, çocukların hayatta kalma ve gelişmesinde kilit bir rol oynamaktadır. Bu sebeple çocukların okul dışındaki yaşamlarının büyük çoğunluğunu geçirdikleri evin, aritmetik ortamının bilinmesi ve çocukların matematik becerilerinin geliştirilmesine yönelik düzenlenmesi oldukça önemlidir. Küçük çocukların ev aritmetik ortamlarının değerlendirilmesi amacıyla uygun örnekleme yönteminin kullanıldığı bu araştırmada, kesitsel tarama modeli kullanılmıştır. Bu amaçla, ev aritmetik ortamını belirlemek için bir ölçme aracının Türk Kültürüne ve Türkçe diline uyarlanması yapılarak bu ölçme aracından elde edilen puanların geçerlik ve güvenlikleri hesaplanmıştır. Ayrıca ölçme aracından elde edilen toplam puanlar ile bağımsız değişkenler arasında ilişki olup olmadığının araştırılması için hiyerarşik regresyon analizi yapılmıştır. Faktör analizi, “Ev Aritmetik Ortamı Tarama Aracı (EAOTA)”nın tek faktörlü bir yapı oluşturduğunu göstermiştir. Ölçekten elde edilen puanların ise güvenilir sonuçlar verdiğini sonucuna ulaşılmıştır (α:.72). Hiyerarşik regresyon analizi sonuçları; yaş, çocuğun kendi odasının olması, sosyo-ekonomik düzeyin, EAOTA toplam puanlarındaki varyansın önemli bir açıklayıcısı olduğunu işaret etmiştir (p<.05).

Bu araştırmada, YÖK tez ve Google akademik veri tabanı kullanılarak gerçekleştirilen tarama sonucunda ulaşılan Biyoloji eğitimi alanında yapılan ölçek geliştirme ile alakalı makale ve tezlerin farklı açılardan incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Araştırma, Google akademik ve YÖK tez merkezi veri tabanları kullanılarak yapılmıştır. İlgili makale ve tezlere ulaşmak için YÖK tez tarama veri tabanında “ölçek geliştirme” anahtar kelimesi ile konu kısmı “biyoloji” seçeneği ile 2 tez “eğitim” seçeneği ile 6 olmak üzere toplam 8 tez, Google akademik veri tabanında “biyoloji ölçek geliştirme” anahtar kelimesi ile 25 makale taranmıştır. Araştırma kapsamında makale ve tez olmak üzere toplam 33 çalışma incelenmiştir. Araştırmadan elde edilen bulgulara göre; araştırma sonucunda biyoloji alanında yapılan ölçek geliştirme ile alakalı makalelerin en çok 2013 yılında tezlerin ise 2018 yılında yapıldığı, makalelerin yayınlandıkları dergiler incelendiğinde Hacettepe Üniversitesi Eğiti m Fakültesi Dergisi’nin birinci sırada olduğu, tezlere bakıldığında ise Necmettin Erbakan Üniversitesinin birinci sırada olduğu, makalelerde ve tezlerde ağırlıklı olarak tutum ölçeği geliştirildiği, biyoloji konusu olarak en fazla çevre ile alakalı ölçeklerin geliştirildiği, örneklem gruplarına bakıldığında en fazla öğrenciler ile çalışıldığı, tezlerde ve makalelerde örneklem büyüklüğünün en çok 101-500 aralığında olduğu, madde havuzu oluşturma sürecinde en fazla literatür taramasından faydalanıldığı, en çok biyoloji uzmanı görüşü alındığı, çoğunlukla sadece madde-test korelasyonu yapıldığı, yoğunlukla iç tutarlılık yönteminin kullanıldığı, makalelerinin çoğunda ilk sırada Faktör analizi sonrasında Açıklayıcı Faktör Analizi (AFA) yapıldığı, tezlerde ise en fazla Açıklayıcı Faktör Analizi (AFA) ve Doğrulayıcı Faktör Analizinin (DFA) birlikte kullanıldığı , makalelerde 2 ve 3 faktörlü ölçeklerin geliştirildiği, tezlerde ise 3 faktörlü ölçeklerin geliştirildiği, en fazla yapı geçerliği ve kapsam geçerliğinin tercih edildiği tespit edilmiştir. Araştırmadan elde edilen sonuçlara yönelik önerilere yer verilmiştir.

Bu araştırmanın amacı, Türkiye’de 2022 yılında çıkarılan Öğretmenlik Meslek Kanunu’nu öğretmenler üzerinde disiplinsel iktidar kurma süreci açısından çözümlemektir. Nitel olarak tasarlanan bu araştırmada, Foucaultcu eleştirel söylem analizi yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Araştırmada, Michel Foucault’nun konuya ilişkin görüşleri başlangıç noktası olarak alınarak Öğretmenlik Meslek Kanunu ve ilişkili metinler eleştirel bir analize tabi tutulmuştur. Verilerin toplanmasında dokümantasyon yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Araştırmada kullanılan disiplinsel iktidar kavramsallaştırması, Michel Foucault’nun iktidar analizine dayandırılmıştır. Araştırma verileri, hiyerarşik gözetim, normalleştirici yaptırım ve sınav olmak üzere üç tema altında sunulmuştur. Araştırma bulgularına göre, yapılan yasal düzenleme ile iktidarların öğretmenleri disiplinsel iktidar uygulamalarını kullanarak hiyerarşik hale getirilmiş sıkı bir gözetim ağı ile denetim altına alabileceği; normali tanımlayıp bunun dışında kalanı patolojik olarak niteleyebileceği; tüm yaptırımlarını sınav ile bir sonuca bağlayabilecek bir tutum sergileyebileceği sonucuna varılmıştır. İktidar teknikleri aracılığıyla öğretmenlerin davranışları ve düşünceleri üzerinde bir kontrol mekanizması işletilmektedir. Meslek kanunu, barındırdığı birden çok yaptırım ile öğretmenlik mesleğini dönüştürürken iktidarın meslek üzerindeki otoritesini pekiştirdiği önemli bir araç olarak kullanılmaktadır. Oysa yapılan yasal düzenlemeler teknik bilgileri ölçmek yerine öğretim süreçlerinin niteliğine odaklanmalıdır.

Bu çalışmada öğrencilerin sosyoekonomik durumu, matematik öğrenmeyi sevmeleri, okullarının akademik başarıya verdikleri önem ile öğrenci matematik başarısı arasındaki ilişki çok düzeyli yapısal eşitlik modeliyle (ÇDYEM) incelenmiştir. Araştırmada örneklem TIMSS 2011 çalışmasına katılan Türkiye’deki 5960 sekizinci sınıf öğrencisidir. Araştırma bulguları öğrencilerin matematik başarı varyansının %33’ünün okullar arası farklılıklardan, %67’sinin öğrenciler arası farklılıklardan kaynaklandığını göstermiştir. ÇDYEM’de, öğrenci düzeyinde öğrencilerin sosyoekonomik durum ve öğrencilerin matematik öğrenmeyi sevmeleri, okul düzeyinde yine sosyoekonomik durum ve okullarının matematik başarısına verdiği önem yer alarak her iki düzeyde de bu değişkenlerin matematik başarısıyla ilişkisi modellenmiştir. Bulgulara göre sosyoekonomik durumu yüksek olan öğrencilerin bireysel başarıları; dolayısıyla bu öğrencilerin bulunduğu okulların ortalama başarıları diğer okullara göre nispeten daha yüksektir. Okul düzeyindeki sosyoekonomik durumun okulun akademik başarıya önem vermesini pozitif yönde etkileyerek okulların daha yüksek başarıya sahip olmalarına katkı sağladığı görülmüştür. Ayrıca, matematik öğrenmeyi seven öğrencilerin daha yüksek matematik başarısına sahip olduğu bulgusuna ulaşılmıştır. Son olarak, araştırma bulgularına dayanarak eğitim politikaları kapsamında önerilerde bulunulmuştur.

Toplumda yaşayan her birey için matematik becerilerini geliştirmenin önemi yadsınamaz bir gerçektir. Ancak otizm spektrum bozukluğu olan öğrencilerin matematik becerilerinin zayıf olduğu ve matematik performanslarının tipik gelişim gösteren akranlarından önemli ölçüde geride olduğu bilinmektedir. Bu bağlamda, bu çalışmanın amacı, otizm spektrum bozukluğu olan öğrencilere matematik becerilerinin öğretimini hedefleyen ulusal alanyazındaki tek-denekli araştırma desenleri kullanılarak yürütülmüş çalışmaları, betimsel özellikleri ve yöntemsel kaliteleri açısından incelemektir. Çalışma, sistematik derleme araştırmasıdır. Bu çalışma kapsamında dahil etme ölçütlerini karşılayan 15 araştırma incelenmiştir. Betimsel bulgular, katılımcıların büyük çoğunluğunun erkek olduğunu, müdahalelerin yapılandırılmış ortamlarda araştırmacılar tarafından uygulandığını ve hedef becerilerin öğretiminde kanıta dayalı matematik uygulamalarının kullanıldığını göstermektedir. Yöntemsel kaliteye ilişkin bulgular, yalnızca dört araştırmanın kabul edilebilir düzeyde yöntemsel özelliklere sahip olduğunu göstermektedir. Bu bulgular, ilgili alanyazın bağlamında tartışılmış ve ileri araştırmalara yönelik öneriler sunulmuştur.

Gerçekleştirilen çalışmanın amacı, ağır ve çoklu yetersizliğe (AÇY) sahip çocuğu olan ebeveynlerin evde eğitime ve çocuklarına yönelik gereksinimlerinin belirlenmesidir. Evde eğitim alan AÇY’ye sahip çocuğu olan üçü erkek, sekizi kadın olmak üzere toplam 11 ebeveyn araştırmanın katılımcılarını oluşturmuştur. Araştırmanın verileri nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden yarı yapılandırılmış görüşme tekniği kullanılarak toplanmıştır. Yapılan görüşmeler toplamda 223 dakika 15 saniye sürmüş olup görüşmelerden elde edilen veriler betimsel analiz tekniği ile çözümlenmiştir. Araştırmanın sonunda ebeveynler, çocuklarının sahip olduğu yetersizliklere yönelik yaşadıkları zorlukları ve bu zorluklara ilişkin gereksinimlerini ifade etmişlerdir. Ebeveynler; AÇY olan çocuğun aldığı evde eğitime yönelik; evde uygun ortama, maddi desteğe ve çocuğa uygun eğitim materyallerine gereksinimleri olduğunu ifade etmişlerdir. Çocuğun ev ortamında akademik becerileri kazanmalarına yönelik; ders saati sürelerinin arttırılmasına, uygun ortama, ders araç gereçlerine ve problem davranışlarla başa çıkma gereksinimi duyduklarını belirtmişlerdir. Ebeveynler çocuğun ev ortamında günlük yaşam becerilerini kazanmalarına yönelik; becerileri öğretmede bilgiye, çevre desteğine ve teknolojik desteğe gereksinim duyduklarını, çocuğun evde bağımsız olarak hareket edebilmeleri için ise çocuğa uygun yürütece, bastona ve yemek yemek için uygun aparatlara gereksinim duyduklarını belirtmişlerdir. Ayrıca ebeveynler, devletten alanında uzman öğretmenlerin atanmasını, verilen maddi desteğin arttırılmasını, evde eğitim ders saatlerinin arttırılmasını, evde sağlık bakımı desteği ve fizyoterapi desteğinin verilmesini istemişlerdir. Araştırma bulguları alanyazın ışığında tartışılarak önerilerde bulunulmuştur.

This cross-sectional survey study aimed to explore pre-service early childhood education teachers’ (PTs) beliefs about (a) the aims and scope of early childhood science education and (b) their self -efficacy beliefs in teaching science to preschool children. A survey consisting of open -ended questions was applied to PTs (N = 130). According to the results, PTs were aware of the importance of science education in early childhood. They mainly focused on the roles of early childhood science education in satisfying curiosity, developing questioning skills, and facilitating understanding of the environment and life. However, most PTs associated science education in early childhood with only natural sciences -related activities and concepts. Moreover, PTs reported low self-efficacy beliefs in teaching science to preschool children due to their lack of experience and theoretical knowledge. This study has some implications for PTs to view science education in early childhood from a comprehensive perspective and improve their self-efficacy.

Öğretmen yeterlikleri, öğretmenlik mesleği ile birlikte başlayıp yıllar içerisinde farklı çalışmalar ile eğitimdeki öneminden dolayı üzerinde durularak, geliştirilmesini sağlamak amacıyla üzerinde çalışmalar yapılan bir alandır. Öğretmenlik mesleği ile ilgili temel yeterlik alanları belirlenmiş olup, her bir öğretmenlik alanı için de özel alanlar belirlenmiştir. Bu çalışmada, okul öncesi öğretmenlerinin mesleki öz-yeterliklerini belirlemek üzere geçerli ve güvenilir bir değerlendirme aracı geliştirmeyi amaçlamaktadır. Ölçeğin geliştirilmesi sürecinde öncelikle 55 maddelik soru havuzu oluşturulmuş ve bir maddenin anlaşılır olmaması nedeniyle çıkarılmasıyla kalan 54 madde uzman görüşüne gönderilip kapsam geçerliği belirlenmiştir. Lawshe yöntemi kullanılarak ölçeğin kapsam geçerlik indeksi 0.76 olarak belirlenmiştir. Daha sonra ölçek üzerinde sırasıyla açımlayıcı faktör analizi, doğrulayıcı faktör analizi ve güvenirlik için test tekrar test yönt emi uygulanmıştır. Bu üç analiz süreci için veriler ayrı ayrı oluşturulan ve okul öncesi öğretmenlerinin yer aldığı üç farklı çalışma grubundan elde edilmiştir. Açımlayıcı faktör analizi sonucunda 29 maddelik 4 boyuttan oluşan bir yapı belirlenmiştir. Doğrulayıcı faktör analizi sonucunda ise 5 madde ölçekten çıkarılmış ve 24 maddelik 4 boyutlu ölçeğin “kabul edilebilir” bir model uyum düzeyine sahip olduğu belirlenmiştir. Test tekrar test yöntemi ile belirlenen anlamlı ve 0.777 düzeyindeki korelasyon katsayısı ile ölçeğin güvenirlik özelliğine sahip olduğu belirlenmiştir. Geliştirilen ölçek ile okul öncesi öğretmenlerinin hizmet öncesi ve hizmet sürecindeki mesleki öz-yeterlik durumlarının belirlenmesi, çeşitli değişkenlere göre değerlendirilerek gerekli destek hizmetlerinin sağlanması önerilmektedir.

Araştırmada, öğretmen adaylarının fizik kaygılarını yordayan değişkenlerin C5.0 karar ağacı algoritması ile incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. İlişkisel araştırma niteliğinde olan bu çalışmada, veriler “Fizik Kaygı Ölçeği” ile 186 öğretmen adayından toplanmıştır. Araştırmadan elde edilen verilerin analizinde ilk aşamada İki Aşamalı Kümeleme Analizi, ikinci aşamada C5.0 Karar Ağacı Algoritması kullanılmıştır. Araştırmada öğretmen adaylarının çoğunun fizik dersi/sınav kaygılarının yüksek, matematik kaygılarının orta, fizik bilgisi eksikliği ve fizik laboratuvar kaygılarının düşük ve orta düzeyde olduğu ortaya çıkmıştır. Fizik dersi/sınav ve fizik bilgisi eksikliği kaygısı boyutu üzerinde etki düzeyi en yüksek olan değişkenin öğretmen adaylarının genel akademik not ortalamaları olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Bununla birlikte matematik kaygısı boyutu üzerinde öğretmen adaylarının yaşları ve fizik laboratuvarı kaygısı boyutu üzerinde ise öğretmen adaylarının cinsiyetleri olduğu tespit edilmiştir.

In this study, the effect of four operations -based digital game applications on the basic mathematics skills of students at risk of math learning difficulties was examined. In this context, the study was designed as a m ixed research method. Quantitative and qualitative methods were used in two separate interactive phases following an exploratory design scheme. The study was conducted with seven 5th grade students from two primary schools in two provinces in the Mediterranean region. A pre-test was administered to the students and a 10-session intervention was conducted. Finally, a post-test was administered after the intervention. Participants' responses to the pre-test and post-test were analysed. Shapiro- Wilk test and Wilcoxon signed-rank test were used to analyse quantitative data, and descriptive analysis technique was used to analyse qualitative data. At the end of the study, semi -structured interviews were conducted with the parents of the students. The results of the study showed that the intervention positively affected the academic achievement of the students and the interviews with the parents supported this result. At the end of the study, it can be said that mathematics education with students at risk of mathematics learning difficulties gave positive feedback in the learning domain of numbers and operations, and it may be useful to carry out applications in other learning domains.

Bu araştırmanın amacı, flört şiddetini önleme psiko-eğitim programının üniversite öğrencilerinin flört şiddetine yönelik tutumları üzerindeki etkililiğini sınamaktır. Bu araştırma; ön test-son test deney ve kontrol gruplu yarı deneysel bir çalışmadır. Çalışmaya 13’ü deney ve 13’ü kontrol grubunda olmak üzere toplam 26 üniversite öğrencisi katılmıştır. Deney ve kontrol grubu üyeleri, yaşları 18 ile 25 arasında değişen; flört ilişkisi olan ya da daha önce flört deneyimi geçiren kadın öğrencilerden oluşturulmuştur. Araştırmada veri toplama aracı olarak Flört Şiddetine Yönelik Tutum Ölçeğinin Erkeğin Flörtte Uyguladığı Fiziksel Şiddete Yönelik Tutum ve Erkeğin Flörtte Uyguladığı Psikolojik Şiddete Yönelik Tutum alt ölçekleri kullanılmıştır. Deney grubuna, haftada bir gün, 60 ile 90 dk. arasında değişen sekiz oturumluk Bilişsel Davranışçı Terapi temelli flört şiddetini önleme psiko-eğitim programı uygulanmıştır. Kontrol grubuna hiçbir işlem yapılmamıştır. Deney ve kontrol grupları arasındaki farkı belirlemek için karışık ölçümler için çift yönlü ANOVA kullanılmıştır. Deney ve kontrol grubu üyelerinin, Erkeğin Flörtte Uyguladığı Fiziksel ve psikolojik Şiddete Yönelik Tutum alt ölçeklerinden aldıkları puan ortalamaları arasında anlamlı bir farklılık olduğu görülmüştür. Elde edilen bulgular psiko-eğitim programına katılan kadınların, erkeğin flörtte uyguladığı fiziksel ve psikolojik şiddete yönelik tutumlarını azaltmada etkili olduğunu göstermektedir. Bu nedenle bilişsel davranışçı temelli flört şiddetini önleme psiko-eğitim programının kadınların, Erkeğin Flörtte Uyguladığı fiziksel ve psikolojik Şiddete Yönelik Tutumlarını azaltmada kullanılabileceği düşünülmektedir.

A crisis is any challenging situation that requires a judgment or a decision. During their lifespan people are exposed to crises at micro, meso and macro levels. Lately, many research deals with crises at macro level. Situations of crises at a macro level that we have been facing such as pandemics, war, earthquakes, and substantial challenges in everyday situations and life lead to the necessity to explore learning and teaching at higher education institutions in the times of c rises. The goal of t he research was to determine strategies for dealing with crises on macro level among students in higher education. For this purpose, qualitative research was conducted using the focus group method. Four focus groups were held in which a total of 40 students of different profiles from Belgium, Croatia, Poland, and Romania participated. The results show that the biggest challenge for most participants in crisis situations was the absence of social support. In their answer s, participants discussed the challenges of distance education, stating "screen fatigue" as an obstacle. Despite this, participants pointed out that times of crisis enabled them to discover their own strengths, which they can use as coping strategies in potential future crises.

Fen Bilimleri dersinde öğrencilerin bilimsel araştırmanın mantığını ve önemini kavraması, bütüncül yaklaşım kazanmalarının ön koşullarından biridir. Öğretim programı içerisinde bu açıdan öğrencilerin bilgi ve becerilerini destekleyici etkinliklerin yer alması beklenmektedir. Bu çalışmada, 5-8’inci Sınıf Fen Bilimleri dersi kapsamında okutulan ders kitaplarında yer alan etkinliklerin, bütüncül yaklaşım açısından öğrencilerde bilimsel anlayış kazandırmasına yönelik değerlendirilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Araştırma, nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden içerik analizi yöntemi uygulanarak yapılmıştır. Araştırma sonucunda, incelenen ortaokul Fen Bilimleri ders kitaplarında bulunan etkinliklerin öğrencilerde bilimsel anlayışı geliştirme ve bilimsel araştırma düşüncesini kazandırma yönünden yetersiz olduğu görülmüştür. Mevcut etkinlikler genellikle kazanım hedeflerine yönelik basit uygulamalar olarak ders kitaplarında yer almaktadır. Etkinliklerde gözlenen bilim algısı genellikle bir düşünce biçimi olarak değil, daha çok belirli adımların izlendiği uygulamalar olarak yer almaktadır. Fen Bilimleri ders kitaplarında yer alan etkinliklerin sayısının artması, güncel ve daha zengin hale getirilerek öğrencileri araştırmaya teşvik edici ve bilimsel anlayışlarının gelişimini destekleyici yapıda hazırlanması gerekir.

Türkiye ve Güney Kore, kültür, dil, eğitim sistemi vb. açılardan büyük farklılıklara sahip iki ülkedir. Bu nedenle, bu uluslararası işbirliği projesi, bu iki ülkedeki öğrencilerin matematiksel modelleme yeterlilikleri ve matematik değerleri arasındaki benzerlikleri ve farklılıklarını belirlemeyi amaçlamaktadır. Genel olarak değerler ise matematik değerleri özelde sosyo-kültürel ve konatif değişkenlerdir. Matematiksel modelleme yeterlikleri ise sosyo-kültürel ve konatif değişkenlerden etkilendiği söylenebilir. Bu bağlamda bu çalışmada sıralı açıklayıcı karma yöntem kullanılmıştır. Bu yöntemin ilk aşaması uluslararası nicel verilerin toplanmasını ve analizini, ikinci aşaması ise nitel verilerin bu niceliksel verilerin analizine uygun olarak yorumlanmasını içermektedir. Bu bağlamda çalışmada, nicel veriler için tabakalı örnekleme ve kolay ulaşılabilir örnekleme, nitel veriler için ise teorik örnekleme kullanılmıştır. Güney Koreli 5. ve 9. sınıfların uluslararası değerlendirmeleriyle (PISA) aynı doğrultuda Türkiye'deki 5. ve 9. sınıflarda Güney Koreli öğreniciler anma anlamlı olarak farklılaşmıştır. Ek olarak, ülkelerin kendi içerisinde 5. ve 9. sınıflar arası matematiksel modelleme yeterlikleri karşılaştırıldığında ise Türkiye?deki öğrencilerin matematiksel modelleme yeterlikleri puanlarının hemen hemen aynı kaldığı görülmekteyken Güney Kore?deki öğrencilerde ise 9. sınıflarda bir düşüş yaşanmaktadır. Ancak bu düşüş anlamlı bir farklılığı yansıtmamaktadır. Matematik eğitimi değerleri anlamında BİT değeri haricinde Güney Koreli 5. ve 9. sınıf öğrencileri Türkiye?deki 5. ve 9. sınıf öğrencilerine göre Güney Koreli öğrenciler lehine istatistiksel olarak anlamlı olarak farklılaşmaktadır. Bu bağlamda Türkiye?deki öğrencilerin matematik derslerinin günlük hayatla daha fazla ilişkilendirilmesini ve daha fazla pratik yapılmasını ve geri dönüt almayı bekledikleri söylenebilir. Bu sonuçlardan dolayı farklı kültürlerdeki öğrencilerin matematiksel modelleme yeterliklerindeki bu farklılıkları konatif bir değişken olarak matematik eğitimi değerleri ile birlikte ele alındığında, bu farklılıkların altında yatan bir nedenin diğer matematik eğitimi değerlerine göre matematiğin günlük hayatla ilişkili olmasını ifade eden uygunluk matematik eğitimi değeri olduğu söylenebilir. Bu bağlamda eğitim politikalarına yön verenlerin, müfredat yapıcıların ve öğretmenlerin vb., eğitim ve öğretim politikalarını ve planlarını, matematik derslerini günlük hayatla daha fazla ilişkilendirerek hazırlamaları ve düzenlemeleri gerektiği önerilebilir.

İnsan doğası gereği sıklıkla karşılaşılan alacak-borç ilişkisi kimi zaman birtakım uyuşmazlıklara yol açabilmektedir. Bu uyuşmazlıkların giderilmesi ve alacaklının alacağına kavuşabilmesi noktasında çeşitli düzenlemeler yer almaktadır. Bu düzenlemelerden birisi de 2004 sayılı İcra ve İflas Kanunu’nun (İİK) 277. ve devamındaki maddelerinde düzenlenen tasarrufun iptali davasına ilişkindir. İnceleme konusu olan eserde ise İİK’nın 283. maddesinin 2. fıkrasında yer alan tasarrufun iptali davasında nakden tazmin konusu ele alınmıştır. Tek bir fıkra hükmünden yola çıkılarak hazırlanan bu kitap, kanun koyucu tarafından gerekli detaylandırma yapılmaması nedeniyle birtakım anlaşmazlıklara yol açabilen ilgili fıkra hükmüne farklı bakışlar ortaya koyarak çeşitli hukuk sistemlerinde nasıl değerlendirildiğine odaklanmıştır. Bu kapsamda ortaya çıkan çeşitli uyuşmazlıklarda farklı hukuk sistemleri içerisinde nasıl bir yol izlendiği gözetilerek yazarın kendi görüşlerine de yer verilmiştir. Bu çalışmada ise bahse konu olan kitabın incelemesi gerçekleştirilmiştir.

This paper proposes a new extended version of the reaction force observer (RFOB) for high-precision motion control systems. The RFOB has been proven to be useful for many applications in the literature. However, because of the low-pass filter present inside of the RFOB, it has certain limitations. In this study, a new algorithm is proposed to compensate for filtering-based errors in the classical RFOB structure. The algorithm includes the differentiation of the observed force and scaling with a proper value. However, since the force has a noisy nature, differentiation also affects the signal’s stability and performance. To resolve this issue, a new controller algorithm coupled with the proposed RFOB is formulated and implemented. The mathematical derivation of the proposed structure along with experimental validations for different force references are shown to provide a complete analysis. The results obtained from the experiments prove that the proposed observer-controller structure outperforms the existing force control architectures.

Local differential privacy (LDP) has recently emerged as an accepted standard for privacy-preserving collection of users’ data from smartphones and IoT devices. In many practical scenarios, users’ data needs to be collected repeatedly across multiple iterations. In such cases, although each collection satisfies LDP individually by itself, a longitudinal collection of multiple responses from the same user degrades that user’s privacy. To demonstrate this claim, in this paper, we propose longitudinal attacks against iterative data collection with LDP. We formulate a general Bayesian adversary model, and then individually show the application of this adversary model on six popular LDP protocols: GRR, BLH, OLR, RAPPOR, OUE, and SS. We experimentally demonstrate the effectiveness of our attacks using two metrics, three datasets, and various privacy and domain parameters. The effectiveness of our attacks highlights the privacy risks associated with longitudinal data collection in a practical and quantifiable manner and motivates the need for appropriate countermeasures.

Mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) techniques are widely used in cryptanalysis, aiding in the discovery of optimal linear and differential characteristics. This paper delves into the analysis of block ciphers KLEIN and PRINCE using MILP, specifically calculating the best linear and differential characteristics for reduced-round versions. Both ciphers employ matrix multiplication in their diffusion layers, which we model using multiple XOR operations. To this end, we propose two novel MILP models for multiple XOR operations, which use fewer variables and constraints, proving to be more efficient than standard methods for XOR modeling. For differential cryptanalysis, we identify characteristics with a probability of 2−59 for 7 rounds of KLEIN and a probability of 2−56 for 7 rounds of PRINCE. In linear cryptanalysis, we identify characteristics with a bias of 2−27 for 6 rounds of KLEIN and a bias of 2−29 for 7 rounds of PRINCE. These results establish the best single-key differential and linear distinguishers for these ciphers in the literature.

Recent advances in deep learning, increased availability of large-scale datasets, and improvement of acceler- ated graphics processing units facilitated creation of an unprecedented amount of synthetically generated media content with impressive visual quality. Although such technology is used predominantly for entertainment, there is widespread practice of using deepfake technology for malevolent ends. This potential for malicious use necessitates the creation of detection methods capable of reliably distinguishing manipulated video content. In this work we aim to create a learning-based detection method for synthetically generated videos. To this end, we attempt to detect spatiotemporal inconsistencies by leveraging a learning-based magnification-inspired feature manipulation unit. Although there is ex- isting literature on the use of motion magnification as a preprocessing step for deepfake detection, in our work, we aim to utilize learning-based magnification elements to develop an end-to-end deepfake detection model. In this research, we investigate different variations of feature manipulation networks, both with spatially constant and spatially varying amplification. To clarify, although the proposed model draws from existing literature on motion magnification, we do not perform motion magnification in our experiments but instead use the underlying architecture of such networks for feature enhancement. Our objective with this work is to take a step towards applying learnable motion manipulation in improving the target accuracy of a task at hand.

The utilization of remote sensing products for vehicle detection through deep learning has gained immense popularity, especially due to the advancement of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). UAVs offer millimeter-level spa- tial resolution at low flight altitudes, which surpasses traditional airborne platforms. Detecting vehicles from very high-resolution UAV data is crucial in numerous applications, including parking lot and highway management, traffic monitoring, search and rescue missions, and military operations. Obtaining UAV data at desired periods allows the detection and tracking of target objects even several times during a day. Despite challenges such as diverse vehicle char- acteristics, traffic congestion, and hardware limitations, the detection task must be executed swiftly and accurately. This study successfully achieved automated detection and instance segmentation of parked and moving vehicles across a large university campus by employing the robust learning capabilities of the You Only Look Once version 7 (YOLOv7) deep learning algorithm. The generation of an ultrahigh-resolution orthomosaic of the university campus was accomplished through photogrammetric processing, employing 20-megapixel aerial images obtained from RGB UAV flights with polyg- onal nadir-view and bundle-grid oblique-view imaging geometries. The vehicle dataset was created by cropping image patches containing vehicle objects from the orthomosaic and manually labeling the boundaries of the vehicle targets using the LabelMe annotation tool. After expanding the dataset by applying data augmentation, the YOLOv7 algorithm was trained and tested using the transfer learning approach. The accuracy metric of precision, recall, and mAP@0.50 scores for the bounding boxes and masks of vehicles were estimated as 99.79, 97.54, and 99.46%, respectively. In addition, the robustness of the trained algorithm was also tested on a short video and ( > 80%) prediction scores were achieved.

In flight control systems, the actuators need to tolerate aerodynamic torques and continue their operations without interruption. To this end, using the simulators to test the actuators in conditions close to the real flight is efficient. On the other hand, achieving the guaranteed performance encounters some challenges and practical limitations such as unknown dynamics, external disturbances, and state constraints in reality. Thus, this article attempts to present a robust adaptive neural network learning controller equipped with a disturbance observer for passive torque simulators (PTS) with load torque constraints. The radial basis function networks (RBFNs) are employed to identify the unknown terms, providing information for the disturbance observer. Besides, the tuning parameters are chosen optimally by adopting the grey wolf optimization (GWO) algorithm. The closed-loop system stability is also proven by the barrier Lyapunov function (BLF) while the total uncertainties, including system dynamics, friction, and disturbance, are tracked by the total estimation. Thus, the predetermined performance, robust behavior, and high-precision estimation are the achievements of the presented controller for PTS. To confirm the ability of the proposed control idea, simulations are provided. Furthermore, a comparison scenario is also considered to emphasize the supremacy of the proposed control system.

This paper proposes a fractional delay-dependent load frequency control design approach for a single-area power system with communication delay based on gain and phase margin specifications. In this approach, the closed-loop reference transfer function relies on the delayed Bode’s transfer function. The gain and phase margin specifications are established in order to optimize the reference model based on three time-domain performance indices. Here, a category of fractional-order model is employed to describe the single-area power system incorporating communication delay. The controller parameters are determined using the fractional-order system model and optimal closed-loop reference model. Then, a delay-dependent control mechanism is proposed to compensate for the communication delay variations. The proposed controllers are implemented in a single area power system with nonreheated turbine having communication delay and are compared with other controllers designed relying on identical frequency domain specifications. The performance analysis of the proposed approach is made against communication delay variations, model parameter variations, and nonlinearities, i.e. governer dead band and governor rate constraints. Furthermore, the scope of the analysis extends beyond a single-area power system to encompass a multi-area power system, illustrating the effectiveness of the proposed method. The outcomes demonstrate that the performance of the proposed controllers surpasses that of alternative control methods, they are more robust to communication delay changes as well as system model parameter variations, and they perform efficiently in the case of multiarea case study.

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is an illness that involves a gradual and irreversible degeneration of the brain. It is crucial to establish a precise diagnosis of AD early on in order to enable prompt therapies and prevent further deterioration. Researchers are currently focusing increasing attention on investigating the potential of machine learning techniques to simplify the automated diagnosis of AD using neuroimaging. The present study involved a comparison of models for the detection of AD through the utilization of 2D image slices obtained from magnetic resonance imaging brain scans. Five models, namely ResNet, ConvNeXt, CaiT, Swin Transformer, and CVT, were implemented to learn features and classify AD based on various perspectives of 2D image slices. A series of experiments were conducted using the dataset from the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative. The results showed that ConvNeXt outperformed ResNet, CaiT, Swin Transformer, and CVT. ConvNeXt exhibited an average accuracy, precision, recall, and F1 score of 95.74%, 96.71%, 95.74%, and 96.14%, respectively, when applied to a 3-way classification task involving AD, mild cognitive impairment, and normal control subjects. The results suggest that the utilization of ConvNeXt may have potential in the identification of AD using 2D slice images.

This study presents a fast hyperparameter optimization algorithm based on the benefits and shortcomings of the standard grid search (GS) algorithm for support vector regression (SVR). This presented GS-inspired algorithm, called fast grid search (FGS), was tested on benchmark datasets, and the impact of FGS on prediction accuracy was primarily compared with the GS algorithm on which it is based. To validate the efficacy of the proposed algorithm and conduct a comprehensive comparison, two additional hyperparameter optimization techniques, namely particle swarm optimization and Bayesian optimization, were also employed in the development of models on the given datasets. The evaluation of the models’ predictive performance was conducted by assessing root mean square error, mean absolute error, and mean absolute percentage error. In addition to these metrics, the number of evaluated submodels and the time required for optimization were used as determinative performance measures of the presented models. Experimental results proved that the FGS-optimized SVR models yield precise performance, supporting the reliability, validity, and applicability of the FGS algorithm. As a result, the FGS algorithm can be offered as a faster alternative in optimizing the hyperparameters of SVR in terms of execution time.

It is important to predict the sales of an iron and steel company and to identify the variables that influence these sales for future planning. The aim in this study was to identify and model the key factors that influence the sales volume of an iron and steel company using artificial neural networks (ANNs). We attempted to obtain an integrated result from the performance/sales levels of 5 models, to use the ANN approach with hybrid algorithms, and also to present an exemplary application in the base metals industry, where there is a limited number of studies. This study contributes to the literature as the first application of artificial intelligence methods in the iron and steel industry. The ANN models incorporated 6 macroeconomic variables and price-to-sales data and their results were evaluated. An ordinary least squares regression model was also used to facilitate the comparison of results, while gray relational analysis (GRA) was used to draw a comprehensive conclusion based on the ANN results. The results showed that the variables USD/TL exchange rate, product prices, and interest rates, in descending order, had the highest degree of influence in determining the sales of the iron and steel company. Furthermore, these variables are crucial for forecasting future sales and strategic planning. The study showed that the ANN outperformed classical regression models in terms of prediction accuracy. In the model applications conducted for 5 different product groups, it was observed that 3 models (models 2, 3, and 4), including model 4, which sold a higher volume of products than the total of the other products, had an overall performance above 80%. In addition, GRA was found to be a valuable tool for synthesizing insights from different ANN models based on their respective performance levels.

In this paper, a novel online and adaptive truncation method is proposed for differentially private Bayesian online estimation of a static parameter regarding a population. A local differential privacy setting is assumed where sensitive information from individuals is collected on an individual level and sequentially. The inferential aim is to estimate, on the fly, a static parameter regarding the population to which those individuals belong. We propose sequential Monte Carlo to perform online Bayesian estimation. When individuals provide sensitive information in response to a query, it is necessary to corrupt it with privacy-preserving noise to ensure the privacy of those individuals. The amount of corruption is proportional to the sensitivity of the query, which is determined usually by the range of the queried information. The proposed truncation technique adapts to the previously collected data to adjust the query range for the next individual. The idea is that, based on previous data, one can carefully arrange the interval into which the next individual’s information is to be truncated before being distorted with privacy-preserving noise. In this way, predictive queries are designed with small sensitivity, hence small privacy-preserving noise, enabling more accurate estimation while maintaining the same level of privacy. To decide on the location and the width of the interval, an exploration-exploitation approach is employed, a la Thompson sampling, with an objective function based on Fisher information. The merits of the methodology are shown with numerical examples.

In this work, subcarrier coordinate interleaving (CI) is implemented to orthogonal frequency division mul- tiplexing (OFDM) systems with the aim of both enhancing the error performance and reducing the implementation complexity. To this end, the modulated symbols are independently chosen from a modified M-ary amplitude-shift keying signal constellation under a specific CI strategy. In addition to doubling the diversity level of the original OFDM scheme, the adopted CI approach also drastically reduces the inverse fast Fourier transform (IFFT) size at the transmit side by guaranteeing the first half of the input vector to be identical with the second half at the input to the IFFT block. It is further demonstrated that the proposed system has the ability to enhance the robustness against common practical impairments such as insufficient cyclic prefix and phase noise. The closed-form expression of symbol error probability of the system is derived and confirmed with the simulation results.

In this study, we present a framework designed to optimize signals at intersections experiencing oversaturated traffic conditions, utilizing mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) techniques. The proposed MILP solutions were developed with different objective functions, namely a reduction in the total remaining queue and fair distribution of the remaining queue after each signal cycle. Our framework contains two distinct stages. The initial stage applies two distinct MILP methodologies, while the subsequent stage employs a neighborhood search method to further reduce the delays associated with the green signal timings derived from the first stage. Ultimately, to evaluate their effectiveness across various intersections, we employed the HCM 2000 delay model for all the models we developed. Our experimental results show that the proposed approach reduces the delay significantly for various intersection designs.

The 2016 presidential election in the United States focused global attention on the power of social media as kingmaker and the model is being copied all over the world by those who see it as a shortcut to power. It was in full flight in Nigeria in the run up to the 2019 general elections; falsehood and disinformation were disguised as news in a bid to influence voters. For many politicians and supporters alike, the production and dissemination of fabricated political content is a serious business and potent strategy to discredit opposition, keep their support base and win over the gullible ones at the same time. This paper interrogates how the government, content providers, civil Society and online social platforms can build resilience to disinformation and limit the dissemination of harmful information. The overriding questions are: Can these stakeholders mitigate the declining trust in the media and electoral process through their intervention? Does the flow of information from the digital space help create better politically informed citizens? If fake news negatively impacts the country’s electioneering, can the citizens expect democratic accountability from the government that subsequently emerges from that process? This study seeks to enrich the understanding of Nigeria’s cyberspace concerns by examining the socio-political manoeuvrings surrounding the 2019 general elections. It also provides insights into the various factors that shape people’s reception and reactions to false information in an election season.

Günümüzde performansa dayalı yapılan başarı değerlendirmesi ve başarı ödülü arasındaki ilişkinin dinamiklerinde büyük dönüşüm yaşanmaktadır. Bu dönüşümün bir sonucu olarak performans ve başarı ödülü arasındaki ilişki asimetrik bir boyut kazanmıştır. Nitekim performans dönüşüm öncesinde olduğu gibi normal dağılım gösterirken başarı ödülü artık güç yasasına göre dağılmaktadır. Performansın bir sınırı vardır ve başarıya karşılık gelen performans düzeyine yakın olan birçok farklı düzey tanımlanabilir. Buna karşılık küçük performans farklarının başarıya dönük getirileri arasında ortaya çıkan büyük farklar güç kanununa göre logaritmik dağılmaktadır. Diğer bir ifadeyle performanstaki küçük bir farkın karşılığında alınan ödülde büyük ölçekli farklar elde edilmektedir. Performans ile başarı getirisi arasındaki orantısızlığın bir sonucu olarak farklı alanlardaki eşitsizlikler de hızla derinleşmektedir. Avantajın sürekli yeni avantajları doğurmasını açıklayan Matta etkisi ve ölçeksiz-ağlarda bağlantıları en fazla bağlantıya sahip düğüme yönlendiren tercihli bağlanma karakteristiği performans-başarı ödülü ilişkisindeki yeni durumu anlamada önemli katkılar sağlama potansiyeline sahiptir. Bu nedenle bu çalışmada Peter Erdi’nin (2020) Ranking: The Unwritten Rules of the Social Game We All Play ve Albert-László Barabási’nin (2022) Formül: Başarının Evrensel Kanunları kitaplarının modern zamanlarda eğitimden ekonomiye, sanattan teknolojiye kadar her alandaki başarı oyununda Matta etkisi ve tercihli bağlanma etkisi ile başarı ödülünün güç yasasına göre dağılımı ve nihayetinde toplumsal eşitsizliklerin derinleştirilmesi bağlamında değerlendirmesi yapılmaktadır.

Sanat, farklı anlamlara bürünerek çağlar boyunca geniş bir tartışma alanı oluşturmuş, teknolojinin ilerlemesiyle teşhir edilebilirliği artmıştır. Frankfurt Okulu’na göre sanat, ticari değerlerle bütünleşerek etkisini yitirmiştir. Kapitalist pazarda anlam kaybeden sanat, bireylerin sahip olma arzularına tüketim nesnesi olarak yanıt vermiştir. Yapay zekâ ise sanatın anlamını çok derinden sarsmış ve artık herkesin doğru komutları verdiği sürece sanatçı olabileceğini gösterdiği bir ütopyayı yaşanılır kılmıştır. Bu bağlamda çalışmada, sanata ilişkin farklı yaklaşımlar üzerinden modern ve çağdaş sanatta değişen anlamları, sanatın nasıl bir tüketim nesnesi haline geldiği, Frankfurt Okulu’nun ve eleştirel teorisyenlerin sanatı bir çıkış yolu olarak görürken günümüzde yapay zekâ teknolojileri doğrultusunda sanatın nasıl kendi pazarını oluşturduğu ve öznesiz sanattaki anlam yitimi farklı başlıklar altında tartışılmaktadır.

The current study initiates a discussion on the ethical implications of artificial intelligence (AI) in the music industry, analyzing nine ethical statements within the framework of OECD AI Principles. The study identifies a growing emphasis on transparency, humancentered values, fairness, and privacy across these guidelines. While transparency is deemed crucial for fostering trust in AI-driven music systems, the preservation of human values and the distinction between human and AI-generated works emerge as key considerations. The article highlights a gap in addressing the environmental impact of generative AI systems within the music industry. The conclusion calls for ongoing research and dialogue to address emerging challenges, emphasizing multi-stakeholder collaboration and informed public discourse to navigate the transformative potential of AI while upholding ethical values in music creation.

Günümüzde sanatçı ve tasarımcılardan amatör kullanıcılara kadar birçok kişi yapay zekâ üretimlerden yararlanmaya başlamıştır. İnsanoğlu artık uzun süreli çalışmalar sonucu ortaya çıkan sanat ve tasarım ürünlerinin benzerlerini dakikalar hatta saniyeler için de yapabilen yapay zekâ ile karşı karşıyadır. Yapay zekâ bu becerisini güçlü teknolojik alt yapıların yanı sıra içerisinde milyarlarca görsel ve işitsel ögeyi barındıran veri tabanlarından almaktadır. Bu durum birçok sorgulamayı da beraberinde getirmektedir. Güzel sanatlar alanında yapay zekâ kullanımı, yaratıcı sürece katkı sağlayabilir, ancak aynı zamanda potansiyel risklere ve etik boyutlara (telif hakları, şeffaflık, veri yönetimi vb.) da yol açabilmektedir. Bu makale yapay zekâ ve sorumlu yapay zekâ arasındaki ilişkiyi Güzel Sanatlar örnekleminde ele alarak tartışmaya açmaktadır. Makalede, sorumlu yapay zekâ kavramının güzel sanatlar alanında da öne çıkması gerektiği, potansiyel risklere ve etik problemlere karşı, yapay zekâ kullanımında sorumluluk sahibi olmak için sanatçı ve tasarımcılar, teknoloji uzmanları ve karar vericiler arasında iş birliğinin önemli olduğu vurgulanmış. Ayrıca, toplumsal değerleri ve etik standartları koruma amacıyla uygun politika ve yönergelerin uygulanması gerektiği sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.

Günümüzde insanların konfor alanını arttırmaya çalışması başta dijitalleşmeye ve doğal olarak “akıllı varlık” olan insanlığın tüm yapıp ettiklerini yapay zekaya devretmeye neden olmaktadır. Tarih boyunca insanlık doğada diğer canlılar karşısında önce hayatta kalmaya ardından da hayatta kalma ile ilgili bir tehlikesi kalmadığı anda da doğaya hükmetmeye çalışmıştır. Endüstri 1.0’dan başlayıp endüstri 5.0’a geldiğimiz dijitalleşme çağında insan yapay zekalar yaratmış ve konforunu tarihsel gelişimi içinde belki de ilk defa bu seviyelere çıkartmıştır. İnsan artık son derece konfor içinde yaşayan, kendisinden başka hiçbir şeyi düşünmeyen, bu bencilliği ile konforunu daha da arttıran bir canlı formatına dönüşmüştür. Son kertede, aklını kullanmayı bırakan insan yapay zekalara kendini teslim etmiştir. Bu makalede bu durumun insanlık açısından önemi tartışılacaktır.

This paper comprehensively addresses the risks, problems, and ethical issues for the responsible development of artificial intelligence (AI) technologies. Algorithmic biases, data privacy violations, security vulnerabilities, and lack of transparency in decision-making are significant barriers to AI’s ethical and responsible development and use. The potential of open-source AI development to effectively solve these problems is examined in detail. The paper highlights how open-source participation, development, and use can be strategic tools for reducing algorithmic bias and increasing system security. It also discusses the contributions of a community-based development approach towards making AI solutions more equitable and effective. This study highlights how open-source AI may contribute to an ethical and sustainable development process while increasing societal acceptance and effectiveness of the technology. It demonstrates the critical importance of this approach to the future of AI by addressing both technological innovation and societal values in a balanced manner.

Araştırma, yapay zekâ ve insan etkileşimini teknolojiye atfedilen rasyonellik ve kusursuzluk ile insana atfedilen duygusallık ve kusurluluk eğilimleri üzerinden irdelemektedir. Bu irdeleme, hikâyesi gerçek bir olaya dayanan “Sully” isimli sinema filminin analizi üzerinden yapılmaktadır. US Airways’in pilot Chesley Sullenberger kaptanlığındaki 1549 sefer sayılı yolcu uçağı, 15 Ocak 2009 tarihinde, New York-Charlotte seferini yapmak üzere havalanmasından kısa süre sonra Hudson Nehri’ne zorunlu iniş yapmak zorunda kalır. Bu olay, pilot Sullenberger ve ABD’li yazar Jeffrey Zaslow tarafından otobiyografik bir eser olarak kaleme alınan “En Yüksek Görev” isimli kitaba da konu olur ve 2016 yılında aynı otobiyografiden uyarlama “Sully” isimli sinema filmi ile beyazperdeye taşınır. Film, nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden doküman analizi tekniği kullanılarak analiz edilmektedir. Analiz sonucunda ortaya çıkan temalar, rasyonel aklı ve onun kusursuzluğunu savunan otoritelere karşı, sezgilerin ve kusurlu insan aklının verdiği mücadeleyi betimlemektedir.

Günümüzde teknolojik gelişmeler, özellikle de yapay zekâ pek çok farklı alanda önemli etkilere sahiptir. Ölüm ve yas kavramları da bu gelişmelerden etkilenmekte, bir anlamda dönüşmektedir. Bu makalenin amacı; ölüm ve yas kavramlarının yaşadığı bu dönüşümde yapay zekânın etkisini thanabotlar üzerinden tartışmaktır. Bu amaçla ölüm ve yas kavramları literatür taraması yapılarak toplumsal ve tarihsel bağlamları içerisinde ele alınmış, devamında dijitalleşme ile yaşadıkları dönüşüme değinilmiştir. Çalışmanın sonunda thanabotların olası etkileri literatürden çıkarımlarla tartışılmıştır. Buna göre; thanabot kullanımının kişiden kişiye değişen etkileri olacağını söylemek mümkündür. Bu anlamda bu teknoloji özellikle yas tutanlar için olumlu etkilere sahip olabilir. Ancak thanabotların ticari boyutu, ölen kişiyi ne kadar temsil edeceği, yas tutanlar için ikincil kayıp riski, yazılım güvenliği gibi olası sorunlara sahip olduğunu söylemek mümkündür. Ayrıca bu teknolojiyle ilgili araştırmaların hem bireysel hem de toplumsal düzeyde farklılıkları dikkate alarak yapılmasının önem arz ettiği görülmüştür.

In this new study, which deals with the different properties of ℓp( ̂F (r, s)) (1 ≤ p < ∞) and ℓ∞( ̂F (r, s)) spaces defined by Candan and Kara in 2015 by using Fibonacci numbers according to a certain rule, we have tried to review all the qualities and features that the authors of the previous editions have found most useful. This document provides everything needed to characterize the matrix class (ℓ1, ℓp( ̂F (r, s))) (1 ≤ p < ∞) . Using the Hausdorff measure of non-compactness, we simultaneously provide estimates for the norms of the bounded linear operators LA defined by these matrix transformations and identify requirements to derive the corresponding subclasses of compact matrix operators. The results of the current research can be regarded as to be more inclusive and broader when compared to the similar results available in the literature.

This paper introduces a new algebraic structure called dimodule. This structure is similar to a module. A dimodule occurs on a semigroup and a dimonoid in place of an additive abeliangroup and a ring, respectively. This paper presents some algebraic properties of the dimodules and supplies some of their examples. We suggest a de nition of a distributive dimonoid. This paper includes examples of this notion that a distributive dimonoid does not have to be a commutative and idempotent dimonoid. We also have examples of dimonoids and dimonoid homomorphisms.

One of the new suggested prediction method is the Kibria-Lukman's prediction approach under multicollinearity in linear mixed models and in this article, the generalized Kibria-Lukman estimator and predictor are introduced to combat multicollinearity problem. The comparisons between the proposed generalized Kibria-Lukman estimator/predictor and several other estimators/predictors, namely the best linear unbiased estimator/predictor and Kibria-Lukman estimator/predictor are done by using the matrix mean square error criterion. Lastly, the selection of the biasing parameter is given and to demonstrate the performance of our new de ned prediction method, the greenhouse gases data analysis is made.

We deal with an optimal boundary control problem in a 1-d heat equation with Neumann boundary conditions. We search for a Neumann boundary function which is the minimum element of a quadratic cost functional involving the $H^1$-norm of boundary controls. We prove that the cost functional has a unique minimum element and is Frechet differentiable. We give a necessary condition for the optimal solution and construct a minimizing sequence using the gradient of the cost functional.

In this study, we determine some of the classes of almost paracontact metric structures which are invariant under D-homothetic deformations. We write the Riemannian curvature tensor, the Ricci tensor and the scalar curvature when the characteristic vector field is Killing. In addition, we give examples.

Birey için travmatik yaşantıların her gelişim döneminde zorlayıcı olduğu bilinmekte ve travmanın etkileri, bireyin yetişkinlik döneminde de devam etmektedir. Bu kapsamda araştırmanın amacı, 25-40 yaş aralığındaki yetişkin bireylerde çocukluk çağı travmaları ile koruyucu faktörler olarak psikolojik sağlamlık, affetme ve olumlu duyguların; risk faktörü olarak ise olumsuz duyguların incelenmesidir. Araştırmanın çalışma grubunu 25-40 yaş aralığında bulunan, yaş ortalamaları 29,86 olan 343 (217 kadın, 126 erkek) katılımcı oluşturmaktadır. Araştırmada kartopu ve kolay ulaşılabilir örnekleme yöntemleri kullanılmıştır. Veriler çevrimiçi ortamda toplanmıştır. Katılımcılara Demografik Bilgi Formu, Çocukluk Çağı Travmaları Ölçeği, Connor-Davidson Psikolojik Sağlamlık Ölçeği, Heartland Affetme Ölçeği ve Olumlu-Olumsuz Duygu Ölçeği uygulanmıştır. Katılımcıların çocukluk çağı travmalarına maruz kalma yaygınlıklarını belirlemek amacıyla frekans analizi yapılmıştır. Psikolojik sağlamlık, affetme ve olumlu-olumsuz duyguların çocukluk çağı travmalarına maruz kalıp kalmama durumlarına göre farklılık gösterip göstermediği Çoklu Varyans Analizi (MANOVA) ile test edilmiştir. Katılımcıların %14’ü çocukluğunda travmaya maruz kaldığını belirtmiştir. Ayrıca çocukluk çağında travma yaşayan bireylerin, travma yaşamayanlara göre psikolojik sağlamlık ve olumlu duygu düzeylerinin düşük; olumsuz duygu düzeylerinin ise yüksek olduğu saptanmıştır. Ancak çocukluk çağında travmaya maruz kalan ve kalmayan bireylerin affetme düzeylerinde herhangi bir farklılık olmadığı görülmüştür.

Son otuz yılda Türk yükseköğretim sistemi, üniversitesiz şehir kalmasın yaklaşımı ile muazzam bir gelişme göstermiştir. Cumhuriyet döneminde kurulan üniversitelere ek olarak, bugün toplam üniversite sayısı 209'a yükselmiştir. Ufukta çok sayıda yeni özel ve devlet üniversitesi görünmektedir. Ancak, bu sayısal genişlemenin olumlu etkisi araştırılması gereken bir soru olarak karşımızdadır. Bu çalışmanın çıkış noktası, birbirini tekrar eden homotetik (tek tipleşmiş) üniversiteleri her şehre kurmak yerine, ihtiyaca yönelik tematik üniversiteler kavramına vurgu yapmaktır. Türkiye’nin sahip olduğu tarımsal potansiyel ve akademik deneyim dikkate alındığında, yükseköğretimde tarım eğitimine yönelik üniversite modelleri arayışı bu çalışmanın odak noktasıdır. Bu nedenle, araştırmacılar program geliştirme, yükseköğretim ve tarım alanlarına transdisipliner perspektiften bakarak ne tür modellerin ortaya çıkabileceğini nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden olgu bilim deseni kullanarak incelemişlerdir. Her veri toplama oturumundan sonra sürekli analitik kod çözme, bir sonraki veri toplama sürecine girdi sağlamıştır. Toplanan veri altı farklı tarımsal yükseköğretim yaklaşımı ya da modelini ortaya çıkarmıştır. Bunlar, uygulama odaklı, kalkınma odaklı, işbirliği odaklı, bölgesel ilerleme odaklı, araştırma odaklı ve tematik üniversite yaklaşımlarıdır. Ayrıca, katılımcılar mevcut ziraat fakültelerinin tarım üniversiteleri çatısı altında birleştirilmesinin Türkiye’de tarım eğitimini güçlendireceğini belirtmişlerdir.

Bu araştırma, zekâ gibi kişisel niteliklerin doğasına atfedilen örtük anlamlarla ilgilidir. Bu anlam sistemleri, 5 öğrenciden oluşan bir çalışma grubu üzerinde gözlem, görüşme ve akademik günlük verilerinden yararlanılarak 15 hafta boyunca titizlikle incelenmiş ve indirgemeci bir yaklaşımla ortaokul 6. sınıf öğrencilerinin zekâya ilişkin örtük inançlarının bir portresi ortaya koyulmaya çalışılmıştır. Nitel durum çalışması olarak yürütülen bu süreçte, bütüncül tek durum deseni kullanılmıştır. Araştırma verileri, MAXQDA Analytics Pro 2024 paket programında içerik analizi yaklaşımı ile analiz edilmiştir. Bulgular, öğrencilerin zekâyı oldukça sınırlı bir kavram olarak kabul ettiklerini ve bu anlayışın zekâya ilişkin örtük inançlarla ilişkili olduğunu göstermiştir. Sabit zihniyet odaklı olmanın zekânın doğal bir yetenek olduğu inancına bağlı olmadığı ancak örtük teorinin öngördüğü gibi zihniyetlerin, öğrencilerin öğrenme yaşamlarının (motivasyonel yönelimler, sebat davranışı vb.) verimliliğinde rol oynadığı sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Sonuçlar, bu düşünce tarzlarının yapısal özellikleri ve öğrenme üzerindeki aracı rolü bağlamında tartışılmıştır. Zekâya ilişkin örtük inançların hangi yaşlarda oluştuğu, kökenleri, nasıl geliştikleri ve kişilik özellikleriyle ilişkilerinin anlaşılması için araştırma kapsamının genişletilmesine yönelik önerilerde bulunulmuştur.

Hızla gelişmekte olan makine öğrenmesi, son yıllarda birçok akademik çalışma alanının ilgisi haline gelmiştir. Özellikle eğitim alanında makine öğrenmesi üzerine gerçekleştirilen araştırmalar süratle artmaktadır. Makine öğrenmesinin eğitim alanındaki gelişiminin ve mevcut durumunun belirlenmesi alandaki araştırmacılara kapsamlı bir yol haritası sunacaktır. Bu kapsamda bu araştırmanın amacı, eğitimde makine öğrenmesi konulu yayınları başlıca çalışılan bilimsel olgu ve kavramlar ile uluslararası iş birliği süreçleri bakımından incelemek, alandaki eğilimleri tespit etmektir. Araştırmanın verilerini; Web of Science veri tabanında dizinlenmiş, 2002-2022 yılları arasında yayımlanan, bibliyografik künye bilgilerinde “makine öğrenmesi” ile “eğitim”, “eğitsel” veya “öğretim” anahtar kelimeleri geçen ve araştırma kriterlerini sağlayan 2851 bilimsel belgenin bibliyografik verileri oluşturmaktadır. Araştırmada bibliyometrik analiz yöntemlerinden ortak kelime, ortak yazarlık, atıf ve ortak atıf analizleri kullanılmıştır. Elde edilen sonuçlara göre, makine öğrenmesi tarafında en çok çalışılan bilimsel olgu ve kavramlar “makine öğrenmesi” ve “yapay zekâ” olmuştur. Eğitim tarafında ise “eğitsel veri madenciliği” ve “öğrenme analitiği” kavramları sıklıkla kullanılmıştır. Ayrıca, en üretken ve araştırmaları en çok atıf alan ülkeler ABD ile Çin’dir. Yapılan araştırmaların sayısı son beş yıl içerisinde ciddi bir ivme kazanmıştır. Yapılan çalışmalar eğitim teknolojisi, bilgisayar bilimi, bilişim, fen bilimleri, matematik, mühendislik ve sağlık gibi birçok çeşitli akademik alanla ilişkili haldedir.

Forced choice dilemma (FCD) is defined as a conflict between gifted students' urges to strive for social acceptance and to pursue higher levels of achievement. In this narrative review, we presented a groundwork for forced choice dilemma and argued that this dilemma is mostly a cultural construct. The forced choice dilemma experienced by gifted students has not been widely recognized in the literature. Therefore, we proposed several strategies to address this complex issue. The existing literature has few studies that investigate the frequency, prevalence, and types of student abilities in which the forced choice dilemma is observed in different genders. The lack of research on this topic emphasizes that the forced choice dilemma's gender differences, prevalence, and situations in which it occurs need broader research. Such studies can aid educators and mental health professionals in offering better support to gifted students in their academic and social growth, customizing interventions and programs to individual requirements and contexts.

Bu makale, zekâ ve teknik arasındaki karmaşık ve zorlu ilişkiyi inceliyor. Özellikle çağdaş dijital teknolojiler bağlamında içgüdü, zekâ, bilinç, beden ve zihin gibi kavramları belirlenimci bir perspektifle kategorize etmenin problemli yönlerini açığa çıkarmayı hedefliyor. Makalenin temel amacı, teknolojik gelişmeleri anlamak için felsefi ve antropolojik bir çerçeve sunmak ve yapay zekâ teknolojilerini, insanın bilişsel ve toplumsal kapasiteleriyle birlikte düşünmenin gerekliliğini vurgulamaktadır. Makale ayrıca teknolojik gelişmelerin sıklıkla tetiklediği hiperbolik duygusal tepkilere karşı ihtiyatlı bir yaklaşımın öneminin altını çiziyor. Makale, yapay zekâ kavramını ve evrimini çevreleyen karmaşıklıkları daha iyi anlamak ve ifade edebilmek için felsefi, evrimsel ve kültürel unsurları içeren multidisipliner bir bakış açısı öneriyor. Tartışma, insan-makine etkileşiminin tarihsel ve antropolojik arka planına odaklanarak bu etkileşimin, günümüz yapay zekâ teknolojileri bağlamında sosyal ve kültürel sonuçlarına dair bir perspektif çiziyor. Nihayetinde teknolojik ilerlemelerin, insanın bilişsel ve toplumsal gelişimiyle ilişkili olarak disiplinler ötesi bir çerçeveyle analiz edilmesinin gerekliliğine vurgu yapıyor.

Growing African Indigenous Vegetables (AIVs) is an innovative way to address poverty and malnutrition problems in Zambia. Farmers’ bargaining power plays an important role in increasing AIV production and farmers’ income. Based on 300 responses from Zambian AIV farmers, we defined AIV farmers’ bargaining power and analyzed its benefits to farmers and the AIV industry. We used the ordered logistic regression model (OLRM) to analyze the influence of several factors that contribute to farmers’ bargaining power, and then used the interpretative structural modeling (ISM) to analyze the relationship and hierarchical structure between the effects. Four key results and innovations arose from the analysis of the data. First, we defined farmers’ bargaining power through their self-reported bargaining power. Second, we found that the respondents’ bargaining power was significantly influenced by seven variables: age, gender, education, main trading partners, awareness of AIV prices, and distance to the market from the farm. Third, the main trading partners and awareness of AIV prices are surface direct factors, gender, education and distance to the market from the farm are middle indirect relationships, and age, belong to any community are deep root factors. Last, farmers’ bargaining power can be improved through education, especially women’s education level, strengthening farmers’ organization construction, altering some of the farmers’ trading methods, and developing infrastructure. Overall, we found that bargaining power has played an important role in obtaining higher prices, getting faster payment, getting more income from AIV sales, and expanding AIV planting areas for farmers.

This scientific undertaking meticulously inspected chlorpyrifos degradation kinetics when interacts with assorted organic water-soluble fertilizer formulations. Through rigorous field experimentation, we evaluated the modulatory effects of organic water-soluble fertilizers on the kinetics of pesticide degradation. Under specific conditions, organic water-soluble fertilizers can promote the degradation of pesticides. The integration of distinct fertilizer dilutions conspicuously enhanced degradation, alluding to intricate concentration-dependent mechanisms. In our quest to decipher the underlying mechanisms, we delved into both the biochemical and physicochemical facets. Notably, we monitored plant peroxidase activity across varying concentrations of these fertilizers throughout the investigative period. Temporal tracking displayed escalated plant peroxidase activity, mirroring bolstered detoxification. The results of the UV degradation experiment showed no significant difference in the acaricide degradation rate, regardless of the presence or absence of organic water-soluble fertilizers. However, illumination-induced degradation remained unperturbed by fertilization. Simulated rainwater cleansing was enacted on farmer’s market produce, spanning crucifers, asters, chenopods, and amaranths. Our assays pertaining to washing elucidated the capability of organic water-soluble fertilizers to curtail pesticide residues across representative vegetable taxa. Fertilizer supplementation substantially reduced chlorpyrifos residuals, especially in crucifers. This inquiry underscores the inherent botanical mechanisms of detoxification, which, when augmented by judicious fertilizer supplementation, culminate in the diminution of chlorpyrifos pesticide residues. While promising, extensive multi-crop trials are required to optimize assimilation strategies. Harnessing the intrinsic synergy between agricultural enrichment and pest mitigation, as expounded in this study, heralds a paradigm shift towards sustainable agriculture, ensuring both food security and ecological stewardship.

Inulin and fructooligosaccharides (FOS) are prominent functional components in the food industry due to prebiotic and other pharmaceutical properties. Inulin is a storage polysaccharide in various plants. FOS are naturally present in various plants and can be obtained by partial hydrolysis of inulin. In this study, ground and sieved chicory roots (Cichorium intybus L.) were used as starting material for inulin extraction under optimized conditions determined by Response Surface Methodology (RSM) with a Box-Behnken design. Optimum inulin extraction conditions from chicory roots were; temperature of 90 °C, extraction time of 30 min., and liquid-to-solid (LS) ratio of 10:1 mL/g. Inulin extract was further hydrolyzed to FOS by enzymatic or acid treatment, separately. Purification of inulin extract and FOS hydrolysate was performed by ultrafiltration with a 10 kDa membrane under the pressure of 2 bar with continuous stirring. As a result, inulin and FOS were obtained at 90% and 76% purity, respectively.

In agriculture, plant disease detection and cures for those diseases are crucial for high crop production and yield sustainably. Improvements in the automated disease detection and analysis areas may provide important benefits for early action that would allow intervention at earlier stages for cure and preventing spread of the disease. As a result, damages on crop yield could be minimized. This study proposes a new deep-learning model that correctly classifies plant leaf diseases for the agriculture and food sectors. It focuses on the detection of plant diseases for potato leaves from images by designing a new convolutional neural network (CNN) architecture. The CNN methodology applies filters to input images, extracts key features, reduces dimensions while preserving important characteristics in images, and finally, performs classification. The experimental results conducted on a real-world dataset showed that a significant improvement (8.6%) in accuracy was achieved on average by the proposed model (98.28%) compared to the state-of-the-art models (89.67%) in the literature. The weighted averages of recall, precision, and f-score metrics were obtained around 0.978, meaning that the method was highly successful in disease diagnosis.

Populations of the species Artemia (Brine shrimp) in saltworks have become a popularity popular field of study for aquaculture for its significance for aquatic ecosystems as being an important source of sustenance for water birds in hypersaline food webs. Besides, species in the genus Artemia are the intermediate host of severe cestode species which are associated with flamingos. This study reports on the prevalence of native Artemia parthenogenetica parasitism of Flamingolepis liguloides in the Çamaltı saltern ecosystem in the Gediz wetland between January and December 2022 in Türkiye. Infected A. parthenogenetica was sampled from April to September 2022 in salt pans where flamingo birds and salt production are available for parasitological diagnosis. The parasites were determined in the abdomen, thorax and near the gut tract of A. parthenogenetica. The highest prevalence of parasite was found in juvenile individuals as 86.67±1.45% and adults as 76.06±1.16% in May. The main intensity was varied from 1.18±0.01 to 1.92±0.06 parasites per infected host depending on the sampling months and age of the brine shrimp. The most abundant parasite infestation was recorded as 1.44±0.02 parasites per investigated host in juvenile brine shrimp in June since seasonal conditions are favorable for such infestation.

Rice is the major food crop and a significant source of foreign exchange of Pakistan. In order to meet food demands, high quality varieties of rice, including early and late maturing varieties, as well as hybrid and conventional rice varieties must be developed with the adoptability and suitability of different hybrid rice varieties in local soil. The hybrid varieties revealed supremacy regarding the growth characters over the inbred rice. The study results pretended that the highest plant height was recorded in hybrid variety ennpova-55 (106.5 cm) while inbred IRRI-9 produced the shortest height (65.5 cm) at reproduction stage. Whereas highest number of tillers was observed in Winner-55, Tahafuz-121, and Ashoka (24 m-2) and have highest seedling number and lowest number of tillers were recorded in Komal 21 m-2. Highest plant dry matter per hill was found in Ennova-55 (95.9/cm and lowest observed in IRRI-9 (69.8 cm) as compared to all other rice verities studied in this study. In chlorophyll studies, highest chlorophyll parameter was observed in Ennova-08 and Pukhraj and lowest was observed only in inbred varieties. Shoot and root length showed significant variation among the different rice varieties. The tallest shoot was found in Ennova-55 (82.3 cm) which was statistically identical with Thafuz-121 (78.1 cm), while shortest was found in IRRI-9 (54.1 cm) at harvest. However, the maximum Leaf area index was recorded from Komal (4.50) at the heading stage followed by Ennova-55 (4.20), but significantly lower in Shakar (2.70). Compared with inbred, hybrid rice produced a higher yield with BCR of 12.03. However, further research studies are obligatory to perform for adoptability of hybrid rice locally for sustainable rice production.

The presence of Salmonella in agricultural waters may be a source of produce contamination. Recently, the performances of various algorithms have been tested for the prediction of indicator bacteria population and pathogen occurrence in agricultural water sources. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the performance of meta-heuristic optimization algorithms for feature selection to increase the Salmonella occurrence prediction success of commonly used algorithms in agricultural waters. Previously collected datasets from six agricultural ponds in Central Florida included the population of indicator microorganisms, physicochemical water attributes, and weather station measurements. Salmonella presence was also reported with PCR-confirmed method in data set. Features were selected by using binary meta-heuristic optimization methods including differential evolution optimization (DEO), grey wolf optimization (GWO), Harris hawks optimization (HHO) and particle swarm optimization (PSO). Each meta-heuristic method was run 100 times for the extraction of features before classification analysis. Selected features after optimization were used in the K-nearest neighbor algorithm (kNN), support vector machine (SVM) and decision tree (DT) classification methods. Microbiological indicators were ranked as the first or second features by all optimization algorithms. Generic Escherichia coli was selected as the first feature 81 and 91 times out of 100 using GWO and DEO, respectively. The meta-heuristic optimization algorithms for the feature selection process followed by machine learning classification methods yielded a prediction accuracy between 93.57 and 95.55%. Meta-heuristic optimization algorithms had a positive effect on improving Salmonella prediction success in agricultural waters despite spatio-temporal variations. This study indicates that the development of computer-based tools with improved meta-heuristic optimization algorithms can help growers to assess risk of Salmonella occurrence in specific agricultural water sources with the increased prediction success.

The aim of this study is to evaluate changes in variance components for dairy cows under heat stress conditions using a random regression model. The daily milk yield and pedigree records used in the research were obtained from a dairy farm in Sanliurfa, Türkiye. The records were from Holstein dairy cows registered between 2017 and 2019 at the farm. A total of 690 lactations from 690 healthy dairy cows were used in the study and the total number of cow-days was 207,003. In order to evaluate heat stress on animals meteorological data were used and collected from a public weather station located 15.04 km away from the farm. In the study, variance components were separately estimated for the comfort period (CP) and the heat stress period (HSP) using a random regression test-day model and six-knot linear spline function was used. In the study, it was observed that heat stress resulted in an increase in additive genetic, permanent environmental, and consequently, phenotypic variance. During the lactation period, the average heritability was determined to be 0.13±0.007 for CP, while it was found to be 0.18±0.010 for HSP. According to the findings obtained from the study, it was concluded that the time periods for selection should coincide with the peak milk yield under heat stress conditions, while for the period without heat stress, it should be around the 120th day of lactation. These results indicate that climatic factors such as temperature and humidity should be included in the models used for genetic parameter and breeding value estimation. Thus, it may be possible to identify dairy cattle that are genetically more tolerant to hot conditions. In this way, more successful outcomes can be achieved in selection studies.

The tomato (Solanum lycopersicum (Solanaceae)) is particularly susceptible to Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae), a pest that directly and profoundly influences tomato yields. Consequently, the early detection of T. absoluta damage intensity on leaves using machine learning or artificial intelligence-based algorithms is crucial for effective pest control. In this ground-breaking study, the galleries generated by T. absoluta were examined via field images using the Decision Trees (DTs) algorithm, a machine learning method. The unique advantage of DTs over other algorithms is their inherent capacity to identify complex and vague shapes without the necessity of feature extraction, providing a more streamlined and effective approach. The DTs algorithm was meticulously trained using pixel values from the leaf images, leading to the classification of pixels within regions with and without galleries on the leaves. Accordingly, the gallery intensity was determined to be 9.09% and 35.77% in the test pictures. The performance of the DTs algorithm, as evidenced by a high precision and an accuracy rate of 0.98 and 0.99 respectively, testifies to its robust predictive and classification abilities. This pioneering study has far-reaching implications for the future of precision agriculture, potentially informing the development of advanced algorithms that can be integrated into autonomous vehicles. The integration of DTs in such applications, due to their unique ability to handle complex and indistinct shapes without the need for feature extraction, sets the stage for a new era of efficient and effective pest control strategies.

The natural regeneration of vegetation in areas of marly soils is restricted due to drought and soil erosion. For the ecological restoration of eroded areas, the selection of suitable plant species is critical. The aim of this study is to assess specific plant species and their ecological characteristics for their ability to thrive under drought in eroded areas with marly soil. The study was conducted on 36 sampling locations in the marly areas of Eskisehir-Bozan, Türkiye, during the most drought-prone months, August and September, in 2011 and 2012. Vegetation sampling was conducted according to the Braun-Blanquet method. Fifteen plant taxa with the highest coverage and frequency were identified. Relationships between plant species and environmental factors were determined using Spearman’s correlation analysis. According to the results of numerical analysis, there were correlations between ecological parameters including nitrogen, phosphorus, organic matter, lime, slope, altitude and plant taxa. The resistance rate of fifteen plant taxa in marly areas is quite high even in the driest months. These plant taxa, possessing properties essential for soil protection, may be used for revegetation practices of marly areas exposed to soil erosion. This study’s findings will provide useful guidance for vegetation programs.

Chestnut (Castanea sativa) blossoms are natural resources that are not put to economic use. They are completely mixed with soil as waste. Thus, this extensive study was designed and remarkable results were found showing the potential usefulness of chestnut blossoms. In addition to the phenolic capacity and antioxidant capacity of the aqueous and ethanolic extracts of dried chestnut flowers, the anti-urease activity of these extracts was studied to demonstrate their therapeutic value. The binding interaction of phenolic substances present in chestnut blossom with urease was shown using molecular docking research. The aqueous extract, with most effect, had total phenolic content of 46.67 ± 0.37 mg GAE/g and total flavonoid content of 6.14 ± 0.40 mg QUE/g. The antioxidant activity was determined by FRAP (648.47 ± 5.27 μmol FeSO4.7H2O/g for aqueous extract and 347.53 ± 2.09 μmol FeSO4.7H2O/g for ethanolic extract) and DPPH (0.05 ± 0.01 mg/mL for SC50 of aqueous extract and 0.11 ± 0.01 mg/mL for SC50 of ethanolic extract) assays, and rutin was found to be the dominant phenolic compound according to HPLC. IC50 values for urease in aqueous and ethanolic extracts were 2.55 ± 0.09 mg/mL and 4.57 ± 0.24 mg/mL, respectively. According to the docking experiments, which were important to support the hypothesis of anti-urease activity, myricetin and luteolin showed different and effective bonding degrees to the target protein when compared with the reference molecule acetohydroxamic acid. In summary, chestnut flowers are rich in phenolic compounds which are responsible for a wide range of biological activities including antioxidant features and urease inhibition. These blossoms could be evaluated as potentially important raw materials for food.