Sensitivity analysis on relations between earthquake source rupture parameters and far-field tsunami waves: case studies in the eastern Mediterranean region

SEDA YOLSAL ÇEVİKBİLEN, (İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi, İstanbul, Türkiye)
Tuncay TAYMAZ (İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi, İstanbul, Türkiye)
Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences
4 0
Yıl: 2010 Cilt: 19 Sayı: 3 Sayfa Aralığı: 313 - 349 Metin Dili: Türkçe İndeks Tarihi: 29-07-2022

Sensitivity analysis on relations between earthquake source rupture parameters and far-field tsunami waves: case studies in the eastern Mediterranean region

Öz:
Bu çalışmada, deprem kaynak (yırtılma) parametrelerinin uzak alandaki tsunami dalga genlik, frekans içeriği ve kıyılara olan varış zamanlarına olan etkilerini göstermek için uygulanan duyarlılık analizlerinin sonuçları gösterilmiştir. İncelenen deprem parametreleri, deprem lokasyonu, kaynak mekanizması (doğrultu, dalım ve kayma açıları), faylanan alanın boyutları, maksimum yerdeğiştirme miktarı ve odak derinliğidir. Doğu Akdeniz bölgesi kıyılarında seçilen hayali akış ölçüm (tide-gauge) noktalarında oluşacak yapay su yüzeyi yüksekliklerini elde edebilmek için, doğrusal olmayan sığ su teorisine dayalı olan TUNAMI-N2 matematiksel simülasyon programı kullanılmıştır. Sonuç olarak, uzak alanda tsunami dalga özelliklerini etkileyen en önemli kaynak parametrelerinin; [1] kaynakta boşalan enerjinin miktarını gösteren sismik moment ($M _o$= μ × A × D) ile depremin büyüklüğü olduğu görülmüştür. Tsunami dalgalarının genlik ve şekilleri bu parametrelere bağlı olarak belirgin şekilde değişim göstermektedir; [2] bir diğer parametre deprem merkezüstünün (episantırının) doğru olarak belirlenebilmesidir. Duyarlılık analizi sonuçlarına göre, deprem merkezüstünün değişmesi her ne kadar başlangıç tsunami dalga yüksekliğini değiştirmese de, sonuç tsunami dalga özelliklerini ve bu dalgaların kıyılara varış zamanlarını etkilemektedir. Özellikle dalganın deniz içerisinde deprem kaynağından uzağa doğru ilerlemesi ile dalga genliklerinde azalma meydana gelmektedir; [3] odak mekanizması çözümünün değişmesi tsunami dalgalarının yayılma doğrultularını, şekil, genlik ve dalgaların kıyılara ulaşma sürelerini değiştirmektedir; [4] düşey kosismik yerdeğiştirme ve başlangıç tsunami dalgası arasındaki doğrusal ilişkiden dolayı, seçilen ölçüm noktalarında hesaplanan yapay tsunami dalgalarının özellikleri bu parametrenin değişmesinden etkilenmektedir; [5] ayrıca, deprem kaynağı ile kıyılar arasında yer alan adalar, deniz dağları, yığışım prizması ve hendekler gibi süreksizlik yapılarının varlığı, kıyı batimetrisi (örn; deniz içerisine yayılmış sedimanter kıta alanı) ve kıyı şeklinin de tsunami dalga genliklerini etkiledikleri dalga simülasyonlarında açıkça görülmektedir. Tarihsel kayıtlar doğu Akdeniz bölgesinde Hellenik-Kıbrıs yayları boyunca tsunami riskini vurgulamaktadır. Bu yüzden dalma-batma zonlarındaki potansiyel tsunami kaynaklarının yüksek çözünürlüklü kıyı batimetri verisi ile detaylı olarak çalışılması simülasyon sonuçlarımızı doğrulamak için gereklidir.
Anahtar Kelime:

Konular: Jeoloji

Deprem kaynak parametreleri, kırılma (yırtılma) özellikleri ve uzak alan tsunami dalgaları arasındaki ilişkiler için duyarlılık analizleri: Doğu Akdeniz bölgesinden örnek çalışmalar

Öz:
We present several sensitivity tests, that were applied to exhibit the effects of earthquake source rupture characteristics on amplitudes, frequency contents and arrival times of earthquake generated tsunami waves in the far field, as case studies in the eastern Mediterranean. The investigated earthquake parameters are principally epicentral location, focal mechanism parameters (strike, dip and rake angles), faulting area dimensions, maximum displacement and focal (centroid) depth. We have implemented a numerical method of TUNAMI-N2 based on non-linear shallowwater theory to obtain synthetic water surface fluctuations at selected pseudo tide gauge locations in the eastern Mediterranean. It has been observed that the most important source parameters that effect tsunami wave characteristics in the far field are: [1] magnitude and seismic moment ($M _o$= μ × A × D) of earthquake that is a measure of the energy release radiated at the centroid depth. We have observed that wave amplitudes and shapes change considerably with variation of magnitude and seismic moment since tsunami waves develop in direct proportional relation to them; [2] another parameter is the accurate estimation of tsunamigenic earthquake epicentre. Variation of the earthquake location does not significantly affect the initial tsunami wave heights, but final tsunami wave characteristics and their arrival times have been slightly changed due to the variation of distance between the epicentre and coastal plains along the path. Especially, wave spreading causes tsunami waves to decrease in amplitude as they move away from earthquake source; [3] variation in focal mechanism solutions modify the tsunami wave propagation directions, wave amplitudes, shapes and arrival times of tsunami waves observed at the coastal plains; [4] in addition, due to the linearity between the amount of vertical co-seismic displacement and initial tsunami wave, very different tsunami amplitudes were obtained at each pseudo tide gauge stations in case of the variation in maximum displacement; [5] details of local bathymetry (e.g., extended sedimentary shelf area) and the sea bottom irregularities (e.g., sea-mounts, volcanoes, accretionary prisms, trenches, pressure ridges) clearly have crucial effects on tsunami wave characteristics in the far field. Historical records confirm that the eastern Mediterranean region is at risk from tsunamigenic sources located on the Hellenic-Cyprus arcs. Thus, higher resolution near-shore bathymetry data as well as a detailed study of potential tsunami sources in segments of subduction zones are necessary to verify our simulation results.
Anahtar Kelime:

Konular: Jeoloji
Belge Türü: Makale Makale Türü: Araştırma Makalesi Erişim Türü: Erişime Açık
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APA YOLSAL ÇEVİKBİLEN S, TAYMAZ T (2010). Sensitivity analysis on relations between earthquake source rupture parameters and far-field tsunami waves: case studies in the eastern Mediterranean region. , 313 - 349.
Chicago YOLSAL ÇEVİKBİLEN SEDA,TAYMAZ TUNCAY Sensitivity analysis on relations between earthquake source rupture parameters and far-field tsunami waves: case studies in the eastern Mediterranean region. (2010): 313 - 349.
MLA YOLSAL ÇEVİKBİLEN SEDA,TAYMAZ TUNCAY Sensitivity analysis on relations between earthquake source rupture parameters and far-field tsunami waves: case studies in the eastern Mediterranean region. , 2010, ss.313 - 349.
AMA YOLSAL ÇEVİKBİLEN S,TAYMAZ T Sensitivity analysis on relations between earthquake source rupture parameters and far-field tsunami waves: case studies in the eastern Mediterranean region. . 2010; 313 - 349.
Vancouver YOLSAL ÇEVİKBİLEN S,TAYMAZ T Sensitivity analysis on relations between earthquake source rupture parameters and far-field tsunami waves: case studies in the eastern Mediterranean region. . 2010; 313 - 349.
IEEE YOLSAL ÇEVİKBİLEN S,TAYMAZ T "Sensitivity analysis on relations between earthquake source rupture parameters and far-field tsunami waves: case studies in the eastern Mediterranean region." , ss.313 - 349, 2010.
ISNAD YOLSAL ÇEVİKBİLEN, SEDA - TAYMAZ, TUNCAY. "Sensitivity analysis on relations between earthquake source rupture parameters and far-field tsunami waves: case studies in the eastern Mediterranean region". (2010), 313-349.
APA YOLSAL ÇEVİKBİLEN S, TAYMAZ T (2010). Sensitivity analysis on relations between earthquake source rupture parameters and far-field tsunami waves: case studies in the eastern Mediterranean region. Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences, 19(3), 313 - 349.
Chicago YOLSAL ÇEVİKBİLEN SEDA,TAYMAZ TUNCAY Sensitivity analysis on relations between earthquake source rupture parameters and far-field tsunami waves: case studies in the eastern Mediterranean region. Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences 19, no.3 (2010): 313 - 349.
MLA YOLSAL ÇEVİKBİLEN SEDA,TAYMAZ TUNCAY Sensitivity analysis on relations between earthquake source rupture parameters and far-field tsunami waves: case studies in the eastern Mediterranean region. Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences, vol.19, no.3, 2010, ss.313 - 349.
AMA YOLSAL ÇEVİKBİLEN S,TAYMAZ T Sensitivity analysis on relations between earthquake source rupture parameters and far-field tsunami waves: case studies in the eastern Mediterranean region. Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences. 2010; 19(3): 313 - 349.
Vancouver YOLSAL ÇEVİKBİLEN S,TAYMAZ T Sensitivity analysis on relations between earthquake source rupture parameters and far-field tsunami waves: case studies in the eastern Mediterranean region. Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences. 2010; 19(3): 313 - 349.
IEEE YOLSAL ÇEVİKBİLEN S,TAYMAZ T "Sensitivity analysis on relations between earthquake source rupture parameters and far-field tsunami waves: case studies in the eastern Mediterranean region." Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences, 19, ss.313 - 349, 2010.
ISNAD YOLSAL ÇEVİKBİLEN, SEDA - TAYMAZ, TUNCAY. "Sensitivity analysis on relations between earthquake source rupture parameters and far-field tsunami waves: case studies in the eastern Mediterranean region". Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences 19/3 (2010), 313-349.
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