Evaluation of Teratogenic and Developmental Toxicity of Everzol Red LFB and Everzol Yellow CGL on Zebrafish (Danio rerio) Embryos
Yıl: 2022 Cilt: 6 Sayı: 1 Sayfa Aralığı: 62 - 67 Metin Dili: İngilizce DOI: 10.31594/commagene.1081350 İndeks Tarihi: 09-08-2022
Evaluation of Teratogenic and Developmental Toxicity of Everzol Red LFB and Everzol Yellow CGL on Zebrafish (Danio rerio) Embryos
Öz: Synthetic dyes produced by chemical synthesis are used in textile, food, cosmetic, plastic, and pharmaceutical industries. Of these dyes, azo dyes are a major group of dyes widely used by these industries despite their harm to the environment. A limited number of studies have focused on the impact of dyes on the environment; thus eco-toxicological studies are imperative. The aim of this study was to evaluate the toxic effect of Everzol Red LFB (ERL) and Everzol Yellow CGL (EYC) on zebrafish embryos. Embryos were exposed to 23-600 mg L-1 ERL and EYC for 96 hours and the survival rates, heart rate, hatching rates, and body malformation of these individuals were determined. According to the results of this study, the 96 h LC50 values of the ERL and EYC were determined to be 292 (232-391) and 127 (107-152) mg L-1, respectively. The teratogenic index (TI) values of the ERL and EYC were calculated as 1.37 and 1.49, respectively. ERL and EYC are teratogenic for zebrafish embryos based on the calculated TI value. Both dyes caused significant inhibition of embryonic growth and heart rate in Danio rerio embryos. ERL and EYC caused pericardial edema, yolk sac edema, tail malformation, and spinal curvature in embryos. According to the determined parameters, the negative effect of EYC on zebrafish larvae is greater than of the ERL. These results indicate that both dyes have adverse effects on zebrafish development and may adversely affect the aquatic ecosystem if they enter the aquatic environment.
Anahtar Kelime: Everzol Red LFB ve Everzol Yellow CGL'nin Zebra Balığı (Danio rerio) Embriyoları Üzerinde Teratojenik ve Gelişimsel Toksisitesinin Değerlendirilmesi
Öz: Kimyasal sentezle üretilen sentetik boyalar; tekstil, gıda, kozmetik, plastik ve ilaç endüstrilerinde yaygın olarak kullanılmaktadır. Bu boyalardan biri olan azo boyalar, çevreye zararlı olmalarına rağmen yaygın olarak kullanılan en büyük boya grubudur. Sınırlı sayıda çalışma, boyaların çevre üzerindeki etkisine odaklanmıştır, bu nedenle ekotoksikolojik çalışmaların yapılması zorunludur. Bu çalışmanın amacı, zebra balığı embriyolarında Everzol Red LFB (ERL) ve Everzol Yellow CGL'nin (EYC) toksik etkilerini değerlendirmektir. Embriyolar 96 saat boyunca 23-600 mg L-1 ERL ve EYC'ye maruz bırakılmış ve bu bireylerin hayatta kalma oranları, kalp atım hızları, kuluçkadan çıkma oranları ve vücut malformasyonları belirlenmiştir. Çalışmanın sonuçlarına göre, ERL ve EYC'nin 96 saatlik LC50 değerleri sırasıyla 292 (232-391) ve 127 (107-152) mg L-1 olarak belirlenmiştir. ERL ve EYC teratojenik indeks (TI) değerleri sırasıyla 1.37 ve 1.49 olarak hesaplanmıştır. ERL ve EYC, hesaplanan TI değerine göre zebra balığı embriyoları için teratojeniktir. Her iki boya da Danio rerio embriyolarında, embriyonik büyümenin ve kalp hızının önemli ölçüde engellenmesine neden olmuştur. ERL ve EYC embriyolarda perikardiyal ödem, yolk kesesi ödemi, kuyruk malformasyonu ve spinal eğriliğe neden olmuştur. Belirlenen parametrelere göre EYC'nin zebra balığı larvaları üzerindeki olumsuz etkisi ERL'den daha fazladır. Bu sonuçlar, her iki boyanın da zebra balığı gelişimi üzerinde olumsuz etkilere neden olduğunu ve bu boyaların su ortamına girmesi halinde su ekosistemini olumsuz etkileyebileceğini göstermektedir.
Anahtar Kelime: Belge Türü: Makale Makale Türü: Araştırma Makalesi Erişim Türü: Erişime Açık
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| APA | OZHAN TURHAN D (2022). Evaluation of Teratogenic and Developmental Toxicity of Everzol Red LFB and Everzol Yellow CGL on Zebrafish (Danio rerio) Embryos. , 62 - 67. 10.31594/commagene.1081350 |
| Chicago | OZHAN TURHAN DUYGU Evaluation of Teratogenic and Developmental Toxicity of Everzol Red LFB and Everzol Yellow CGL on Zebrafish (Danio rerio) Embryos. (2022): 62 - 67. 10.31594/commagene.1081350 |
| MLA | OZHAN TURHAN DUYGU Evaluation of Teratogenic and Developmental Toxicity of Everzol Red LFB and Everzol Yellow CGL on Zebrafish (Danio rerio) Embryos. , 2022, ss.62 - 67. 10.31594/commagene.1081350 |
| AMA | OZHAN TURHAN D Evaluation of Teratogenic and Developmental Toxicity of Everzol Red LFB and Everzol Yellow CGL on Zebrafish (Danio rerio) Embryos. . 2022; 62 - 67. 10.31594/commagene.1081350 |
| Vancouver | OZHAN TURHAN D Evaluation of Teratogenic and Developmental Toxicity of Everzol Red LFB and Everzol Yellow CGL on Zebrafish (Danio rerio) Embryos. . 2022; 62 - 67. 10.31594/commagene.1081350 |
| IEEE | OZHAN TURHAN D "Evaluation of Teratogenic and Developmental Toxicity of Everzol Red LFB and Everzol Yellow CGL on Zebrafish (Danio rerio) Embryos." , ss.62 - 67, 2022. 10.31594/commagene.1081350 |
| ISNAD | OZHAN TURHAN, DUYGU. "Evaluation of Teratogenic and Developmental Toxicity of Everzol Red LFB and Everzol Yellow CGL on Zebrafish (Danio rerio) Embryos". (2022), 62-67. https://doi.org/10.31594/commagene.1081350 |
| APA | OZHAN TURHAN D (2022). Evaluation of Teratogenic and Developmental Toxicity of Everzol Red LFB and Everzol Yellow CGL on Zebrafish (Danio rerio) Embryos. Commagene Journal of Biology, 6(1), 62 - 67. 10.31594/commagene.1081350 |
| Chicago | OZHAN TURHAN DUYGU Evaluation of Teratogenic and Developmental Toxicity of Everzol Red LFB and Everzol Yellow CGL on Zebrafish (Danio rerio) Embryos. Commagene Journal of Biology 6, no.1 (2022): 62 - 67. 10.31594/commagene.1081350 |
| MLA | OZHAN TURHAN DUYGU Evaluation of Teratogenic and Developmental Toxicity of Everzol Red LFB and Everzol Yellow CGL on Zebrafish (Danio rerio) Embryos. Commagene Journal of Biology, vol.6, no.1, 2022, ss.62 - 67. 10.31594/commagene.1081350 |
| AMA | OZHAN TURHAN D Evaluation of Teratogenic and Developmental Toxicity of Everzol Red LFB and Everzol Yellow CGL on Zebrafish (Danio rerio) Embryos. Commagene Journal of Biology. 2022; 6(1): 62 - 67. 10.31594/commagene.1081350 |
| Vancouver | OZHAN TURHAN D Evaluation of Teratogenic and Developmental Toxicity of Everzol Red LFB and Everzol Yellow CGL on Zebrafish (Danio rerio) Embryos. Commagene Journal of Biology. 2022; 6(1): 62 - 67. 10.31594/commagene.1081350 |
| IEEE | OZHAN TURHAN D "Evaluation of Teratogenic and Developmental Toxicity of Everzol Red LFB and Everzol Yellow CGL on Zebrafish (Danio rerio) Embryos." Commagene Journal of Biology, 6, ss.62 - 67, 2022. 10.31594/commagene.1081350 |
| ISNAD | OZHAN TURHAN, DUYGU. "Evaluation of Teratogenic and Developmental Toxicity of Everzol Red LFB and Everzol Yellow CGL on Zebrafish (Danio rerio) Embryos". Commagene Journal of Biology 6/1 (2022), 62-67. https://doi.org/10.31594/commagene.1081350 |
