Effects of HIV on Neuroelectric Responses: AERP and EDA

KARAGÜLLE, Almina; TUNCEL, Murside BAŞOĞLU; KOCAASLAN, Sibel ATLI; Gokengin, Deniz; BAYAZIT, Onur

doi:10.24165/jns.9860.16

Effects of HIV on Neuroelectric Responses: AERP and EDA

Onur BAYAZIT, (İstanbul Aydın Üniversitesi, Tıp Fakültesi, Fizyoloji ve Biyofizik Anabilim Dalı, İstanbul, Türkiye)

Sibel ATLI KOCAASLAN, (İzmir Katip Çelebi Üniversitesi, Tıp Fakültesi, Biyofizik Anabilim Dalı, İzmir, Türkiye)

Murside BAŞOĞLU TUNCEL, (Ege Yaşam Hastanesi, Mikrobiyoloji Bölümü, İzmir, Türkiye)

Almina KARAGÜLLE, (Medipol Üniversite, Beşeri Bilimler ve Sosyal Bilimler Fakültesi, Psikoloji Bölümü, İstanbul, Türkiye)

Deniz GÖKENGİN (Ege Üniversitesi, Tıp Fakültesi, Enfeksiyon Hastalıkları ve Klinik Mikrobiyoloji Anabilim Dalı, İzmir, Türkiye)

Journal of Neurological Sciences (Turkish)

1 0

Yıl: 2017 Cilt: 34 Sayı: 4 Sayfa Aralığı: 291 - 300 Metin Dili: İngilizce DOI: 10.24165/jns.9860.16 İndeks Tarihi: 08-08-2022

Effects of HIV on Neuroelectric Responses: AERP and EDA

Öz:

Aim We aimed to test our hypothesis that el ectroencephalography (EEG) responses and electrodermal activity (EDA) in response to aud itory stimuli in HIV/AIDS patients will differ to those of healthy individuals. Method Data was collected from 20 AIDS patients receiving anti retroviral treatment for an average duration of five years and 20 healthy individuals matched for age/sex. Participants were presented with auditory stimuli consisting of pure sound tones with 1000 Hz (non-target) and 2000 Hz (target) frequenc y. Frontal EEG and EDA recordings were taken using a biopotential amplifier system. Results P1, N1, P2, N2 (p<0.001) responses obtained fr om the frontal region to target stimuli were higher in HIV group; while the P3 respon se was higher in cont rol group. The latencies of all responses to target stimuli were significantly delayed in HIV group compared to control group. In HIV group, amplitudes of P1, N2 and P3 responses to target stimuli were found to be higher than to non-target st imuli; N1 and P2 responses to non-target stimuli had higher amplitude. Conclusion The findings of this study demonstrate the effects of HIV on both the peripheral (EDA) and central nervous system (EEG). The differences in neuroelectrical activity found between HIV patients and healthy individuals can be concluded to be due to the direct or indirect effects of the virus and antire troviral medication on neurons. The method of simultaneous monitoring of auditory ERP and EDA may contribute to the detection of subclinical neural deterioration in HIV patients.

Anahtar Kelime: AERP EDA P1 N1 P2 N2 P3 HIV/AIDS

Nöroelektrik Yanıtlara HIV'in Etkisi: AERP ve EDA

Öz:

Amaç Bu araş tırmada HIV/AIDS hastalar ının, işitsel uyaranlara karşı ortaya çıkan elektroensefalografi (EEG) yan ıtlarının ve elektrodermal aktivitelerinin (EDA) sa ğlıklı bireylere göre farklılık göstereceği hipotezimizi test etmeyi amaçladık. Yöntem Veriler ortalama 5 y ıldır anti retroviral tedavi alan 20 AIDS hastasından ve bunlara yaş - cinsiyet olarak eşleştirilmiş 20 sağlıklı bireyden elde edildi. Katılımcılara 1000 Hz (hedef olmayan) ile 2000 Hz (hedef) frekansına sahip saf ses tonundan oluşan işitsel uyaranlar dinletildi. Taşınabilir biyopotansiyel anfi sistemi ile frontal EEG ve EDA kayıtlaması yapıldı. Bulgular Frontal bölgede, he def uyaranlara kar şı alınan P1, N1, P2, N2 (p<0.001) yanıtlarında HIV grubu daha yüksek iken; P3 yanıtı kontrol grubunda daha yüksekti. Hedef uyaranlara karşı alınan tüm yanıtların latansları HIV grubunda kontrol grubuna göre istatistiksel olarak anlamlı derecede gecikmişti. HIV grubunda he def uyaranlara karşı elde edilen P1, N2 ve P3 yanı tlarının genlikleri, hedef olmayan uyaranlara göre daha yüksek bulundu. N1 ve P2 yanıtları hedef olmayan uyaran için daha yüksek genlikliydi. Kontrol grubunda hedef uyaranlara karşı elde edilen P1, P2 ve P3 yanıtlarının genlikleri, hedef olmayan uyaranlara göre daha yüksekti. Kontrol grubunda N1 ve N2 yanıtları hedef olmayan uyaran için daha yüksek bulundu. Sonuç Bu çalışmanın bulguları HIV"in hem periferal hem de merkezi sinir sistemi üzerindeki etkilerini EEG ve EDA verileriyle göstermektedir. HIV ile enfekte hastalar ve kontrol grubu arasında bulunan nöroelektrik aktivite farklılıklarının altında virüsün ve antiretroviral ilaçların nöronlar üzerindeki direk veya dolaylı etkilerinden kaynaklandığı söylenebilir. İşitsel ERP ve eş zamanlı alınan EDA izlenmesi metodunun HIV hastalar ında subklinik nöral bozulmaların belirlenmesine katkısı olabilir.

Anahtar Kelime: AERP EDA P1 N1 P2 N2 P3 HIV/AIDS

Belge Türü: Makale Makale Türü: Araştırma Makalesi Erişim Türü: Erişime Açık

1. UNAIDS Fact Sheet 2016 (2016, October 13). Retrieved from: http://www.unaids.org/sites/default/files/media_ass et/UNAIDS_FactSheet_en.pdf
2. Bulaşıcı Hastalıklar Daire Ba şkanlığı Istatiksel Verileri (2016, Octobe r 13). Retrieved from: http://www.thsk.gov.tr/component/k2/353-istatiksel- veriler/bulasici-hastaliklar-daire-baskanligi- istatiksel-veriler.html
3. Valcour V, Sithinamsuwan P, Letendre S, Ances B. Pathogenesis of HIV in the central nervous system. Curr HIV/AIDS Rep 2011; 8:54-61.
4. Cohen RA, Harezlak J, Schifit to G, et al. Effects of nadir CD4 count and duration of human immunodeficiency virus infection on brain volumes in the highly active antiretroviral therapy era. J Neurovirol 2010; 16: 25-32.
5. Jernigan TL, Archibald SL, Fennema-Notestine C, et al. Clinical factors rela ted to brain structure in HIV: the CHARTER study. J Neurovirol 2011; 17: 248-257.
6. Thompson PM, Dutton RA, Hayashi KM, et al. Thinning of the cerebral cortex visualized in HIV/AIDS reflects CD4+ T lymphocyte decline. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2005; 102:15647-15652.
7. Babiloni C, Pennica A, Del Percio C, et al. Antiretroviral therapy affects the z-score index of deviant cortical EEG rhythms in naive HIV individuals. Neuroimage Clin 2016;12: 144-156.
8. Baldeweg T, Gruzelier JH, Stygall J, et al. Detection of subclinical motor dysfunctions in early symptomatic HIV infection with topographical EEG. Int J Psychophysiol 1993; 15:227-238.
9. Becker JT, Fabrizio M, Sudre G, et al. Potential utility of resting-state magnetoencephalography as a biomarker of CNS abnormality in HIV disease. J Neurosci Methods 2012; 206:176-182.
10. Harden CL, Daras M, Tuchman AJ, Koppel BS. Low amplitude EEGs in demented AIDS patients. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol 1993; 87:54-56.
11. Polich J, Ilan A, Poceta JS, Mitler MM, Darko DF. Neuroelectric assessment of HIV: EEG, ERP, and viral load. Int J Psychophysiol 2000; 38:97-108.
12. Başar E. EEG-Brain dynamics. Relation between EEG and brain evoked potentials. 1st ed. Netherlands: Elseiver-Nor th Holland Biomedical Press; 1980.
13. Nunez P. Electric Fields of the Brain: The Neurophysics of EEG. New York: Oxford University Press, 2006.
14. Speckmann EJ, Elger CE. Introduction to the neurophysiological basis of the EEG and DC potentials. In: Electroencephalography: Basic principles, clinical applications, and related fields. Ed"s, Niedermeyer E, Lopes da Silva F. 5th ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins;2005:17-29.
15. Fabiani M, Gratton G, Federmeier KD. Event- related brain potentials: Methods, theory, and applications. In: Handbook of psychophysiology. Ed"s, Cacioppo JT, Tass inary LG, Berntson GG. NewYork: Cambridge University Pres;2007:85- 120.
16. Luck SJ. An introduction to the event related potential technique. First Edition. USA, MIT Press, 2005.
17. Picton TW, Bentin S, Berg P, et al. Guidelines for using human event-related potentials to study cognition: Recording standards and publication criteria. Psychophysiology 2000; 37:127-152.
18. Plourde G. Auditory evoked potentials. Best Pract Res Clin Anaesthesiol 2006; 20:129-139.
19. Baldeweg T, Gruzelier JH. Alpha EEG activity and subcortical pathology in HIV infection. Int J Psychophysiol 1997; 26:431-442.
20. Grünberger J, Linzmayer L, Pakesch G, Pfersmann D, Guggenberger K, Saletu B. Electrodermal activity "psychovegetative resonance" in AIDS patients. Wien Med Wochenschr 1989;139(22): 519-524.
21. Kokotis P, Schmelz M, Skopelitis EE, Kordossis T, Karandreas N. Differential sensitivity of thick and thin fibers to HIV and therapy-induced neuropathy. Auton Neurosci 2007; 136:90-95.
22. Dawson MD, Schell AM, Filion DL. The Electrodermal System. In: Handbook of psychophysiology. Ed"s, Cacioppo JT, Tassinary LG, Berntson GG. NewYork, Cambridge University Pres, 2007, pp.159-299.
23. Başar E, Ba şar-Eroğlu C, Demiralp T, Schürmann M. The compound P300-40 Hz response of the human brain. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol 1993; 87:14P
24. Başar-Eroğlu C, Ba şar E, Demiralp T, Schürmann M. P300-response: possi ble psychophysiological correlates in delta and theta frequency channels, A review. Int J Psychophysiol 1992;13: 161-179.
25. Braverman ER, Blum K. P300 (latency) event- related potential: An accurate predictor of memory impairment. Clin Electroencephalogr 2003; 34:124-139.
26. Bauer LO. Interactive effects of HIV/AIDS, body mass and substance abuse on the frontal brain: a P300 study. Psychiatry Res 2011; 185:232-237.
27. Başar E, Başar-Eroğlu C, Karaka ş S, Schürmann M. Are cognitive processes manifested in event- related gamma, alpha, theta and delta oscillations in the EEG? Neurosci Lett 1999; 259:165-168.
28. Başar-Eroglu C, Demiralp T. Event-related theta oscillations: an integrative and comparative approach in the human and animal brain. Int J Psychophysiol 2001; 39:167-195.
29. Harper J, Malone SM, Bernat EM. Theta and delta band activity explain N2 and P3 ERP component activity in a go/no-go task. Clin Neurophysiol 2014; 125:124-132.
30. Makeig S, Westerfield M, Jung TP, et al. Dynamic brain sources of visual evoked responses. Science 2002; 295:690-694..
31. Porjesz B, Rangaswamy M, Kamarajan C, Jones KA, Padmanabhapillai A, Begleiter H. The utility of neurophysiological markers in the study of alcoholism. Clin Neurophysiol 2005; 116:993- 1018.
32. Yordanova J, Devrim M, Kolev V, Ademoglu A, Demiralp T. Multiple time-frequency components account for the complex f unctional reactivity of P300. Neuroreport 2000; 11:1097-1103.
33. Ernst T, Jiang CS, Nakama H, Buchthal S, Chang L. Lower brain glutamate is associated with cognitive deficits in HIV patients: A new mechanism for HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder. J Magn Reson Imaging 2010; 32:1045- 1053.
34. Arendt G, Hefter H, Jablonowski H. Acoustically evoked event-related potentials in HIV-associated dementia. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol 1993; 86:152-160.
35. Bungener C, Le Houezec JL, Pierson A, Jouvent R. Cognitive and emotional deficits in early stages of HIV infection: An event-related potentials study. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 1996; 20:1303-1314.
36. Vigliano P, Russo R, Ar felli P,et al. Diagnostic value of multimodal evoked potentials in HIV-1 infected children. Neurophysiol Clin 1997; 27:283- 292.

APA	BAYAZIT O, KOCAASLAN S, TUNCEL M, KARAGÜLLE A, Gokengin D (2017). Effects of HIV on Neuroelectric Responses: AERP and EDA. , 291 - 300. 10.24165/jns.9860.16
Chicago	BAYAZIT Onur,KOCAASLAN Sibel ATLI,TUNCEL Murside BAŞOĞLU,KARAGÜLLE Almina,Gokengin Deniz Effects of HIV on Neuroelectric Responses: AERP and EDA. (2017): 291 - 300. 10.24165/jns.9860.16
MLA	BAYAZIT Onur,KOCAASLAN Sibel ATLI,TUNCEL Murside BAŞOĞLU,KARAGÜLLE Almina,Gokengin Deniz Effects of HIV on Neuroelectric Responses: AERP and EDA. , 2017, ss.291 - 300. 10.24165/jns.9860.16
AMA	BAYAZIT O,KOCAASLAN S,TUNCEL M,KARAGÜLLE A,Gokengin D Effects of HIV on Neuroelectric Responses: AERP and EDA. . 2017; 291 - 300. 10.24165/jns.9860.16
Vancouver	BAYAZIT O,KOCAASLAN S,TUNCEL M,KARAGÜLLE A,Gokengin D Effects of HIV on Neuroelectric Responses: AERP and EDA. . 2017; 291 - 300. 10.24165/jns.9860.16
IEEE	BAYAZIT O,KOCAASLAN S,TUNCEL M,KARAGÜLLE A,Gokengin D "Effects of HIV on Neuroelectric Responses: AERP and EDA." , ss.291 - 300, 2017. 10.24165/jns.9860.16
ISNAD	BAYAZIT, Onur vd. "Effects of HIV on Neuroelectric Responses: AERP and EDA". (2017), 291-300. https://doi.org/10.24165/jns.9860.16

APA	BAYAZIT O, KOCAASLAN S, TUNCEL M, KARAGÜLLE A, Gokengin D (2017). Effects of HIV on Neuroelectric Responses: AERP and EDA. Journal of Neurological Sciences (Turkish), 34(4), 291 - 300. 10.24165/jns.9860.16
Chicago	BAYAZIT Onur,KOCAASLAN Sibel ATLI,TUNCEL Murside BAŞOĞLU,KARAGÜLLE Almina,Gokengin Deniz Effects of HIV on Neuroelectric Responses: AERP and EDA. Journal of Neurological Sciences (Turkish) 34, no.4 (2017): 291 - 300. 10.24165/jns.9860.16
MLA	BAYAZIT Onur,KOCAASLAN Sibel ATLI,TUNCEL Murside BAŞOĞLU,KARAGÜLLE Almina,Gokengin Deniz Effects of HIV on Neuroelectric Responses: AERP and EDA. Journal of Neurological Sciences (Turkish), vol.34, no.4, 2017, ss.291 - 300. 10.24165/jns.9860.16
AMA	BAYAZIT O,KOCAASLAN S,TUNCEL M,KARAGÜLLE A,Gokengin D Effects of HIV on Neuroelectric Responses: AERP and EDA. Journal of Neurological Sciences (Turkish). 2017; 34(4): 291 - 300. 10.24165/jns.9860.16
Vancouver	BAYAZIT O,KOCAASLAN S,TUNCEL M,KARAGÜLLE A,Gokengin D Effects of HIV on Neuroelectric Responses: AERP and EDA. Journal of Neurological Sciences (Turkish). 2017; 34(4): 291 - 300. 10.24165/jns.9860.16
IEEE	BAYAZIT O,KOCAASLAN S,TUNCEL M,KARAGÜLLE A,Gokengin D "Effects of HIV on Neuroelectric Responses: AERP and EDA." Journal of Neurological Sciences (Turkish), 34, ss.291 - 300, 2017. 10.24165/jns.9860.16
ISNAD	BAYAZIT, Onur vd. "Effects of HIV on Neuroelectric Responses: AERP and EDA". Journal of Neurological Sciences (Turkish) 34/4 (2017), 291-300. https://doi.org/10.24165/jns.9860.16