Yıl: 2021 Cilt: 0 Sayı: 44 Sayfa Aralığı: 425 - 449 Metin Dili: İngilizce DOI: 10.28949/bilimname.866724 İndeks Tarihi: 11-08-2022

TESTING ADAPTIVE MARKET HYPOTHESIS IN GLOBAL ISLAMIC STOCK MARKETS: EVIDENCE FROM MARKOV-SWITCHING ADF TEST

Öz:
Although market efficiency has been extensively examined in the literature, the studies generally focus on conventional stock markets. Since market efficiency is related to a well-functioning market, it is of great importance for the efficient allocation of resources and also providing sustainable economic growth. Market efficiency is not only important for conventional stock markets but also for the Islamic stock market as the Islamic stock markets are gaining prominence. An increase in the scope of Islamic markets worldwide creates the motivation for investigating the efficiency of Islamic stock markets. Hence there is a growing interest in Islamic stock markets. With a limited number of studies that analyze the efficient market hypothesis in Islamic stock markets, this paper aims to examine market efficiency in the global Islamic stock markets via Markov- Switching Augmented Dickey-Fuller (MS-ADF) test. The linear unit root test result shows that the global Islamic stock market indices exhibit random walk properties that are consistent with the Efficient Market Hypothesis. On the other hand, nonlinear test results suggest global Islamic stock markets exhibit two- state regime-switching characteristics. The MS-ADF test results indicate that the world and developed Islamic stock markets are stationary only in the high volatility regime and this finding supports the Adaptive Market Hypothesis. However, the emerging Islamic stock market is found to be stationary in both regimes that are contradictory for weak-form efficiency.
Anahtar Kelime: Islamic Economy Efficient Market Hypothesis Adaptive Market Hypothesis Islamic Stock Markets Markov-Switching ADF

GLOBAL İSLAMİ PAY PİYASALARINDA ADAPTİF PİYASA HİPOTEZİNİN TEST EDİLMESİ: MARKOV-SWITCHING ADF TESTİ

Öz:
Finansal piyasaların etkinliği literatürde geniş bir şekilde incelenmesine rağmen, söz konusu çalışmalar genellikle konvansiyonel borsalara odaklanmıştır. Piyasa etkinliği, iyi işleyen bir piyasayla ilgili olduğundan, kaynakların verimli bir şekilde tahsisi ve aynı zamanda sürdürülebilir ekonomik büyüme sağlaması açısından büyük önem taşımaktadır. İslami piyasalara olan ilgi giderek arttığından, piyasa etkinliği sadece konvansiyonel borsalar için değil, İslami piyasalar için de oldukça önemlidir. Dünya genelinde İslami piyasalarının kapsamının genişlemesi, söz konusu piyasaların etkinliğini araştırmaya yönelik ayrıca bir motivasyon sağlamaktadır. İslami pay piyasalarında etkin piyasa hipotezini analiz eden sınırlı sayıdaki çalışmalar ile beraber bu makale, Markov- Switching Augmented Dickey-Fuller (MS-ADF) testi ile global İslami pay piyasalarında piyasa etkinliğini incelemeyi amaçlamaktadır. Doğrusal birim kök testi sonucu, global İslami pay piyasası endekslerinin Etkin Piyasa Hipotezi ile tutarlı olan rassal yürüyüş (random walk) özelliği sergilediğini göstermektedir. Öte yandan, doğrusal olmayan test sonuçları, global İslami pay piyasalarının iki durumlu rejim değişim özelliği sergilediğini göstermektedir. MS-ADF test sonuçları, global ve gelişmiş İslami pay piyasalarının sadece yüksek volatilite rejiminde durağan olduğunu göstermektedir ve bu bulgu, Adaptif Piyasa Hipotezini desteklemektedir. Bununla birlikte, gelişmekte olan İslami pay piyasaları, zayıf formda etkin piyasa hipotezi ile çelişkili bir biçimde her iki rejimde de durağan bulunmuştur.
Anahtar Kelime: İslami Ekonomi Etkin Piyasa Hipotezi Adaptif Piyasa Hipotezi İslami Hisse Senedi Piyasaları Markov-Switching ADF

Belge Türü: Makale Makale Türü: Araştırma Makalesi Erişim Türü: Erişime Açık
  • ALI, S., SHAHZAD, S. J. H., RAZA, N., & Al-YAHYAEE, K. H. (2018). Stock market efficiency: A comparative analysis of Islamic and conventional stock markets. Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and Its Applications, 503, 139- 153.
  • Al-KHAZALI, O., & MIRZAEI, A. (2017). Stock market anomalies, market efficiency and the adaptive market hypothesis: Evidence from Islamic stock indices. Journal of International Financial Markets, Institutions and Money, 51, 190–208.
  • ALOUI, C., HKIRI, B., LAU, C. K. M., & YAROVAYA, L. (2016). Investors’ sentiment and US Islamic and conventional indexes nexus: A time– frequency analysis. Finance Research Letters, 19, 54-59.
  • ALVAREZ-DÍAZ, M., HAMMOUDEH, S., & GUPTA, R. (2014). Detecting predictable non-linear dynamics in Dow Jones Islamic Market and Dow Jones Industrial Average indices using nonparametric regressions. The North American Journal of Economics and Finance, 29, 22-35.
  • ALVAREZ-RAMIREZ, J., RODRIGUEZ, E., & ESPINOSA-PAREDES, G. (2012). Is the US stock market becoming weakly efficient over time? Evidence from 80-year-long data. Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and Its Applications, 391(22), 5643–5647.
  • BOUOIYOUR, J., SELMI, R., & WOHAR, M. E. (2018). Are Islamic stock markets efficient? A multifractal detrended fluctuation analysis. Finance Research Letters, 26, 100-105.
  • CARRASCO, M., HU, L., & PLOBERGER, W. (2009). Optimal test for Markov switching. Econometrica, 82(2), 765-784.
  • CEVIK, E. I., & BUGAN, M. F. (2018). Regime-dependent relation between Islamic and conventional financial markets. Borsa Istanbul Review, 18 (2), 114-121.
  • CEVIK, E. I., & DIBOOGLU, S. (2013). Persistence and non-linearity in US unemployment: A regime-switching approach. Economic Systems, 37(1), 61-68.
  • CEVIK, E. I., YILDIRIM, D. Ç., & DIBOOGLU, S. (2020). Renewable and non- renewable energy consumption and economic growth in the US: A Markov-Switching VAR analysis. Energy & Environment, 0958305X2094403. doi:10.1177/0958305x20944035
  • CHARFEDDINE, L., KHEDIRI, K. B., AYE, G. C., & GUPTA, R. (2018). Time- varying efficiency of developed and emerging bond markets: Evidence from long-spans of historical data. Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and Its Applications, 505, 632–647.
  • Charles, A., Darné, O., & Kim, J. H. (2012). Exchange-rate return predictability and the adaptive markets hypothesis: Evidence from major foreign exchange rates. Journal of International Money and Finance, 31(6), 1607–1626.
  • CHARLES, A., DARNÉ, O., & KIM, J. H. (2017). Adaptive markets hypothesis for Islamic stock indices: Evidence from Dow Jones size and sector- indices. International Economics, 151, 100–112.
  • CHO, J., & WHITE, H. (2007). Testing for regime switching. Econometrica 75, 1671-1720.
  • DAVIES, R. B. (1987). Hypothesis testing when the nuisance parameter is present only under the alternative. Biometrika 74:33–43.
  • Di SANZO, S. (2009). Testing for linearity in Markov switching models: a bootstrap approach. Statistical Methods and Applications, 18: 153-168.
  • DICKEY, D. A., & FULLER, W. A. (1979). Distribution of the estimators for autoregressive time series with a unit root. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 74, 427-431.
  • FAMA, E. F. (1970). Efficient capital markets: A review of theory and empirical work. The Journal of Finance, 25(2), 383–417.
  • FAMA, E. F., & FRENCH, K. R. (1988a). Dividend yields and expected stock returns. Journal of Financial Economics, 22: 3-25.
  • GARCIA, R. (1998). Asymptotic null distribution of the likelihood ratio test in Markov switching models. International Economic Review 39:763-788.
  • GHAZANI, M. M., & EBRAHIMI, S. B. (2019). Testing the adaptive market hypothesis as an evolutionary perspective on market efficiency: Evidence from the crude oil prices. Finance Research Letters, 30, 60– 68.
  • GUPTA, R., HAMMOUDEH, S., SIMO-KENGNE, B. D., & SARAFRAZI, S. (2014). Can the Sharia-based Islamic stock market returns be forecasted using large number of predictors and models? Applied Financial Economics, 24(17), 1147-1157.
  • HALL, S. G., PSARADAKIS, Z., & SOLA, M. (1999). Detecting periodically collapsing bubbles: a Markov-Switching unit root test. Journal of Applied Econometrics, 14, 143-154.
  • HANSEN, B. (1992). The likelihood ratio test under non-standard conditions: testing the Markov switching model of GNP. Journal of Applied Econometrics 7,61-82.
  • HIREMATH, G. S., & KUMARI, J. (2014). Stock returns predictability and the adaptive market hypothesis in emerging markets: Evidence from India. SpringerPlus, 3(1), 428.
  • HOLMES, M. J. (2010). Are Asia-Pacific real exchange rates stationary? A regime-switching perspective. Pacific Economic Review, 15(2), 189-203.
  • JAWADI, F., JAWADI, N., & CHEFFOU, A. I. (2015). Are Islamic stock markets efficient? A time-series analysis. Applied Economics, 47(16), 1686- 1697.
  • KANAS, A., & GENIUS, M. (2005). Regime (non)stationarity in the US/UK real exchange rate. Economics Letters, 87, 407-413.
  • KHEDIRI, K. B., & CHARFEDDINE, L. (2015). Evolving efficiency of spot and futures energy markets: A rolling sample approach. Journal o f Behavioral and Experimental Finance, 6, 67–79.
  • KHURSHEED, A., NAEEM, M., AHMED, S., & MUSTAFA, F. (2020). Adaptive market hypothesis: An empirical analysis of time –varying market efficiency of cryptocurrencies. Cogent Economics & Finance, 8(1), 1719574.
  • LO, A. W. (2004). The Adaptive Markets Hypothesis. The Journal of Portfolio Management, 30(5), 15–29.
  • LO, A. W. (2005). Reconciling efficient markets with behavioral finance: The adaptive markets hypothesis. Journal of Investment Consulting, 7(2), 21–44.
  • LO, A.W., & MacKinlay A. C. (1988). Stock market prices do not follow random walks: evidence from a simple specification test. Review of Financial Studies, 1: 41-66.
  • MISHRA, A., MISHRA, V., & SMYTH, R. (2015). The random-walk hypothesis on the Indian Stock Market. Emerging Markets Finance and Trade, 51(5), 879-892.
  • NASR, A. B., LUX, T., AJMI, A. N., & GUPTA, R. (2016). Forecasting the Volatility of the Dow Jones Islamic Stock Market Index: Long Memory vs. Regime Switching. International Review of Economics and Finance, 45, 559–71.
  • NELSON, C. R., PIGER, J. & ZIVOT E. (2001). Markov regime switching and unit-root tests. Journal of Business and Economic Statistics, 19(4), 404- 415.
  • RODRIGUEZ, E., AGUILAR-CORNEJO, M., FEMAT, R., & ALVAREZ-RAMIREZ, J. (2014). US stock market efficiency over weekly, monthly, quarterly and yearly time scales. Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and Its Applications, 413, 554–564.
  • SHAHID, M. N., JEHANZEB, M., ABBAS, A., ZUBAIR, A., & AKBAR, M. A. H. (2019a). Predictability of precious metals and adaptive market hypothesis. International Journal of Emerging Markets, ahead-of-print(ahead-of-print).
  • SHAHİD, M. N., SATTAR, A., AFTAB, F., SAEED, A., & ABBAS, A. (2019b). Month of Ramadan effect swings and market becomes adaptive: A firm level evidence through Islamic calendar. Journal of Islamic Marketing, ahead-of-print(ahead-of-print). https://doi.org/10.1108/JIMA-12- 2017-0140
  • SHI, S. (2013). Specification sensitivities in the Markov-switching unit root test for bubbles. Empirical Economics 45, 697–713.
  • SIMON, H. A. (1955). A Behavioral Model of Rational Choice. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 69(1), 99–118.
  • URQUHART, A., & HUDSON, R. (2013). Efficient or adaptive markets? Evidence from major stock markets using very long run historic data. International Review of Financial Analysis, 28, 130–142.
  • XIONG, X., MENG, Y., LI, X., & SHEN, D. (2019). An empirical analysis of the Adaptive Market Hypothesis with calendar effects: Evidence from China. Finance Research Letters, 31.
  • YÜCEL, A. G., & KÖSEOĞLU, A. (2020). Do participation banks contribute to economic growth? Time-series evidence from Turkey. Bilimname, 2020(42), 155-180.
APA Buğan M, Cevik E, Kırcı Çevik N, Yıldırım D (2021). TESTING ADAPTIVE MARKET HYPOTHESIS IN GLOBAL ISLAMIC STOCK MARKETS: EVIDENCE FROM MARKOV-SWITCHING ADF TEST. , 425 - 449. 10.28949/bilimname.866724
Chicago Buğan Mehmet Fatih,Cevik Emrah Ismail,Kırcı Çevik Nüket,Yıldırım Durmuş Çağrı TESTING ADAPTIVE MARKET HYPOTHESIS IN GLOBAL ISLAMIC STOCK MARKETS: EVIDENCE FROM MARKOV-SWITCHING ADF TEST. (2021): 425 - 449. 10.28949/bilimname.866724
MLA Buğan Mehmet Fatih,Cevik Emrah Ismail,Kırcı Çevik Nüket,Yıldırım Durmuş Çağrı TESTING ADAPTIVE MARKET HYPOTHESIS IN GLOBAL ISLAMIC STOCK MARKETS: EVIDENCE FROM MARKOV-SWITCHING ADF TEST. , 2021, ss.425 - 449. 10.28949/bilimname.866724
AMA Buğan M,Cevik E,Kırcı Çevik N,Yıldırım D TESTING ADAPTIVE MARKET HYPOTHESIS IN GLOBAL ISLAMIC STOCK MARKETS: EVIDENCE FROM MARKOV-SWITCHING ADF TEST. . 2021; 425 - 449. 10.28949/bilimname.866724
Vancouver Buğan M,Cevik E,Kırcı Çevik N,Yıldırım D TESTING ADAPTIVE MARKET HYPOTHESIS IN GLOBAL ISLAMIC STOCK MARKETS: EVIDENCE FROM MARKOV-SWITCHING ADF TEST. . 2021; 425 - 449. 10.28949/bilimname.866724
IEEE Buğan M,Cevik E,Kırcı Çevik N,Yıldırım D "TESTING ADAPTIVE MARKET HYPOTHESIS IN GLOBAL ISLAMIC STOCK MARKETS: EVIDENCE FROM MARKOV-SWITCHING ADF TEST." , ss.425 - 449, 2021. 10.28949/bilimname.866724
ISNAD Buğan, Mehmet Fatih vd. "TESTING ADAPTIVE MARKET HYPOTHESIS IN GLOBAL ISLAMIC STOCK MARKETS: EVIDENCE FROM MARKOV-SWITCHING ADF TEST". (2021), 425-449. https://doi.org/10.28949/bilimname.866724
APA Buğan M, Cevik E, Kırcı Çevik N, Yıldırım D (2021). TESTING ADAPTIVE MARKET HYPOTHESIS IN GLOBAL ISLAMIC STOCK MARKETS: EVIDENCE FROM MARKOV-SWITCHING ADF TEST. Bilimname, 0(44), 425 - 449. 10.28949/bilimname.866724
Chicago Buğan Mehmet Fatih,Cevik Emrah Ismail,Kırcı Çevik Nüket,Yıldırım Durmuş Çağrı TESTING ADAPTIVE MARKET HYPOTHESIS IN GLOBAL ISLAMIC STOCK MARKETS: EVIDENCE FROM MARKOV-SWITCHING ADF TEST. Bilimname 0, no.44 (2021): 425 - 449. 10.28949/bilimname.866724
MLA Buğan Mehmet Fatih,Cevik Emrah Ismail,Kırcı Çevik Nüket,Yıldırım Durmuş Çağrı TESTING ADAPTIVE MARKET HYPOTHESIS IN GLOBAL ISLAMIC STOCK MARKETS: EVIDENCE FROM MARKOV-SWITCHING ADF TEST. Bilimname, vol.0, no.44, 2021, ss.425 - 449. 10.28949/bilimname.866724
AMA Buğan M,Cevik E,Kırcı Çevik N,Yıldırım D TESTING ADAPTIVE MARKET HYPOTHESIS IN GLOBAL ISLAMIC STOCK MARKETS: EVIDENCE FROM MARKOV-SWITCHING ADF TEST. Bilimname. 2021; 0(44): 425 - 449. 10.28949/bilimname.866724
Vancouver Buğan M,Cevik E,Kırcı Çevik N,Yıldırım D TESTING ADAPTIVE MARKET HYPOTHESIS IN GLOBAL ISLAMIC STOCK MARKETS: EVIDENCE FROM MARKOV-SWITCHING ADF TEST. Bilimname. 2021; 0(44): 425 - 449. 10.28949/bilimname.866724
IEEE Buğan M,Cevik E,Kırcı Çevik N,Yıldırım D "TESTING ADAPTIVE MARKET HYPOTHESIS IN GLOBAL ISLAMIC STOCK MARKETS: EVIDENCE FROM MARKOV-SWITCHING ADF TEST." Bilimname, 0, ss.425 - 449, 2021. 10.28949/bilimname.866724
ISNAD Buğan, Mehmet Fatih vd. "TESTING ADAPTIVE MARKET HYPOTHESIS IN GLOBAL ISLAMIC STOCK MARKETS: EVIDENCE FROM MARKOV-SWITCHING ADF TEST". Bilimname 44 (2021), 425-449. https://doi.org/10.28949/bilimname.866724