A Helix of Anxiety: A Qualitative Analysis of the Personal Experiences of Individuals with Health Anxiety

Burcu Pınar BULUT, (Ankara Hacı Bayram Veli Üniversitesi, Edebiyat Fakültesi, Bölümü Psikoloji, Ankara, Türkiye)
Özlem BOZO (Orta Doğu Teknik Üniversitesi, Fen-Edebiyat Fakültesi, Bölümü Psikoloji, Ankara, Türkiye)
Psikoloji çalışmaları (Online)
16 3
Yıl: 2022 Cilt: 42 Sayı: 1 Sayfa Aralığı: 165 - 198 Metin Dili: İngilizce DOI: 10.26650/SP2021-935379 İndeks Tarihi: 24-08-2022

A Helix of Anxiety: A Qualitative Analysis of the Personal Experiences of Individuals with Health Anxiety

Öz:
Hypochondria is at the center of debates about the mind-body problem in that those individuals with this symptom experience physical complaints in the absence of ‘real’ illness. The study examined how individuals with hypochondriac complaints experience their ‘illnesses’ or anxiety about it. Also, how they establish their interpersonal relationships with the people they get reassurance, especially with physicians, was understood. The sample consisted of 14 individuals with high health anxiety, and their ages were between 19-55 years old. The data were collected through face-to-face semi-structured interviews. The Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis method, which offers a systematic approach to study participants’ subjective experiences, was used. As a result, four superordinate themes emerged: ‘Causal attributions of health anxiety: Loss at the core as unfinished business,’ ‘Being drawn into a vortex of symptoms,’ ‘Endless calls to experts for naming own experiences and eliminating uncertainty,’ and ‘Every cloud has a silver lining: Benefits of being/feeling ill.’ The findings are important for both mental and physical health professionals working with these individuals since the experts’ physical-psychological distinction does not correspond with the reality of those people. The prominence of a loss experience that these people associate with the onset of their symptoms also points to the importance of dwelling on the issue of loss while working with these people. In addition, it was observed that the information given to the participants about their health status had a short-term relaxing effect, and they had an ongoing search for “what their illnesses are.” For this reason, it was thought that providing information that the physical symptoms do not indicate a serious situation at the focus of the treatments applied would not work. In conclusion, it is possible to say that therapists working with patients with hypochondria should help them understand the continuity of their desire to know what is happening in them after establishing a therapeutic alliance with the patient.
Anahtar Kelime:

Kaygı Sarmalı: Sağlık Kaygısı Olan Bireylerin Kişisel Deneyimlerinin Nitel Bir İncelemesi

Öz:
Hipokondriya bu semptoma sahip bireylerin ‘gerçek’ bir hastalığın yokluğunda fiziksel şikayetler yaşamaları bakımından beden-zihin problemine dair tartışmaların merkezinde yer almaktadır. Bu çalışmanın amacı da hipokondriyak şikayetleri olan bireylerin ‘hastalıklarını’ ya da bu konudaki kaygılarını nasıl deneyimlediklerini araştırmaktır. Ayrıca, bu kişilerin özellikle doktorlarla olmak üzere onay arayışında oldukları kişilerle ilişki kurma biçimleri anlaşılmaya çalışılmıştır. Araştırmanın katılımcıları, 19-55 yaşları arasındaki sağlık kaygıları yüksek olan 14 kişiden oluşmaktadır. Çalışmanın verisi yüz yüze yapılan yarı-yapılandırılmış görüşmeler aracılığıyla toplanmıştır. Katılımcıların öznel deneyimlerini çalışmak için sistematik bir yaklaşım sunan Yorumlayıcı Fenomenolojik Analiz yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Sonuç olarak dört üst tema ortaya çıkmıştır ve bu temalar ‘sağlık kaygısına yapılan nedensel atıflar: ‘halledilmemiş bir mesele olarak kayıp’, ‘semptomun girbadına sürüklenmek’, ‘deneyimlerini adlandırması ve belirsizliği ortadan kaldırması için bir uzmana yapılan sonsuz çağrı’ ve ‘her şerde bir hayır vardır: hasta olmanın/hasta hissetmenin faydaları’ şeklindedir. Bu çalışmanın sonuçları hem ruh sağlığı çalışanları hem de diğer sağlık çalışanları için önemlidir çünkü uzmanlar tarafından yapılan fiziksel-psikolojik bozukluk ayrımının sağlık kaygısı olan kişilerin gerçekleriyle uyuşmadığı görülmektedir. Bu kişilerin semptomlarının başlangıcıyla ilişkilendirdikleri bir kayıp deneyiminin ön plana çıkması da bu kişilerle çalışırken kayıp konusu üzerinde durmanın önemine işaret etmektedir. Ayrıca katılımcıların sağlık durumları ile ilgili kendilerine verilen bilgilerin rahatlatıcı etkisinin kısa vadeli olduğu ve “hastalıklarının ne olduğuna” dair süregiden bir arayışları olduğu gözlemlenmiştir. Bu nedenle de uygulanan tedavilerin odağında bedensel belirtilerin ciddi bir duruma işaret etmediği bilgisinin kişilere verilmesinin işe yaramayacağı düşünülmüştür. Sonuç olarak hipokondri hastaları ile çalışan terapistlerin, hasta ile terapötik bir ittifak kurduktan sonra, bu kişilerin kendilerinde ne olduğunu bilme isteklerinin sürekliliğini anlamalarına yardımcı olmaları gerektiğini söylemek mümkündür.
Anahtar Kelime:

Belge Türü: Makale Makale Türü: Araştırma Makalesi Erişim Türü: Erişime Açık
  • American Psychiatric Association (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed.). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association.
  • Arndt, J., Routledge, C., Cox, C. R., & Goldenberg, J. L. (2005). The worm at the core: A terror management perspective on the roots of psychological dysfunction. Applied and Preventive Psychology, 11(3), 191–213. doi:10.1016/j.appsy.2005.07.002
  • Aydemir, O., Kırpınar, I., Satı, T., Uykur, B., & Cengisiz, C. (2013). Reliability and validity of the Turkish version of the Health Anxiety Inventory [Sağlık Anksiyetesi Ölçeği’nin Türkçe için güvenilirlik ve geçerlilik çalışması],. Archives of Neuropsychiatry, 50(4), 325–332. doi:10.4274/ npa.y6383
  • Barrett, L. (2011). Beyond the brain: How body and environment shape animal and human minds. Princeton University Press.
  • Barsky, A. J., & Klerman, G. L. (1983). Overview: Hypochondriasis, bodily complaints, and somatic styles. The American Journal of Psychiatry, 140(3), 273–283.
  • Baumgartner, S. E., & Hartmann, T. (2011). The role of health anxiety in online health information search. Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking, 14(10), 613–618. doi:10.1089/ cyber.2010.0425
  • Beckett, J. J. (2009). Health anxiety and hypochondriasis: The patient’s perspective (Master’s thesis). Massey University, Albany, New Zealand. Retrieved from https://mro.massey.ac.nz/ handle/10179/12724
  • Berrios, G. E. (2001). Hypochondriasis: History of the concept. In V. Starcevic & D. R. Lipsitt (Eds.), Hypochondriasis: Modern perspectives on an ancient malady (pp. 3–20). Oxford University Press.
  • Bishop, G. D. (1994). Health psychology: Integrating mind and body. Allyn & Bacon.
  • Bowlby, J. (1969). Attachment and loss: Vol. 1: Attachment. London: Hogarth Press.
  • Brakoulias, V. (2014). DSM-5 bids farewell to hypochondriasis and welcomes somatic symptom disorder and illness anxiety disorder. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 48(7), 688–688. doi:10.1177/0004867414525844
  • Breuer, J., & Freud, S. (1893–1895). Studies on hysteria. In J. Strachey (Ed. and Trans.), The standard edition of the complete psychological works of Sigmund Freud (Vol. 2, pp. 1–305). London: Hogarth Press.
  • Brown, F. (1936). The bodily complaint: A study of hypochondriasis. Journal of Mental Science, 82(339), 295–359.
  • Burgess, J. P. (2017). For want of not: Lacan’s conception of anxiety. In E. Eklundh, A. Zevnik, & E-P. Guittet (Eds.), Politics of anxiety (pp. 17–36). London: Rowman & Littlefield Ltd.
  • Burgoyne, B. (2004). Editorial - Spring 04. The Journal of the Centre for Freudian Analysis and Research, 14, 4–8.
  • Butler-Rees, E. (2011). Body dysmorphic disorder: A psychoanalytic perspective. Higher Diploma Final Year Project, Dublin Business School.
  • Canellopoulos, L. (2010). The bodily event, jouissance and the (post) modern subject. Recherches en Psychanalyse, 10(2), 321a–328a. doi:10.3917/rep.010.0141
  • Chan, Z. C., Fung, Y. L., & Chien, W. T. (2013). Bracketing in phenomenology: Only undertaken in the data collection and analysis process. The Qualitative Report, 18(30), 1–9.
  • Chapman L. (1999). Psychosomatic disorders: A psychoanalytic category. Retrieved from http://www. therapeia.org.uk/documents/Psychosomatics.pdf
  • Christogiorgos, S., Tzikas, D., Widdershoven-Zervaki, M. A., Dimitropoulou, P., Athanassiadou, E., & Giannakopoulos, G. (2013). Hypochondriacal anxieties in adolescence. Open Psychology Journal, 6, 6–9.
  • Comay, R. (n.d.) Hypochondria and its discontents, or, the geriatric sublime. Crisis & Critique, 3(2), 41–58. Retrieved from http://crisiscritique.org/special09/comay.pdf
  • Craig, T., Drake, H., Mills, K. and Boardman, A.P. (1994) The South London Somatisation Study II: Influence of stressful life events, and secondary gain. British Journal of Psychiatry, 165(2), 248–258. doi:10.1192/bjp.165.2.248
  • Cronin, C., & Lowes, J. (2016). Brief encounters with qualitative methods in health research: Phenomenology and interpretative phenomenological analysis. The Cumbria Partnership Journal of Research, Practice and Learning, 5(1), 8–12.
  • Doherty-Torstrick, E. R., Walton, K. E., & Fallon, B. A. (2016). Cyberchondria: Parsing health anxiety from online behavior. Psychosomatics, 57(4), 390–400. doi:10.1016/j.psym.2016.02.002
  • Erol, N., Kılıç, C., Ulusoy, M., Keçeci, M., & Simşek, Z. (1998). Türkiye ruh sağlığı profili raporu [Mental health profile report of Turkey]. Ankara, Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Sağlık Bakanlığı Temel Sağlık Hizmetler Genel Müdürlüğü.
  • Feldstein, R. Fink, B. and Jaanus, M. (Eds.). (1995). Reading seminar XI: Lacan’s four fundamental concepts of psychoanalysis: The Paris seminars in English. New York: SUNY Press.
  • Fenichel, O. (2005). The psychoanalytic theory of neurosis. Routledge, London. Retrieved from Taylor & Francis e-Library. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203754436
  • Florian, V., & Mikulincer, M. (1998). Symbolic immortality and the management of the terror of death: The moderating role of attachment style. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 74(3), 725–734.
  • Freud, S. (1914). On narcissism: An introduction. In J. Strachey and A. Freud (Trans. & Eds.). The standard edition of the complete psychological works of Sigmund Freud, Volume XIV (1914- 1916), pp. 67–102. London: Hogarth Press.
  • Freud, S. (1953). A Case of hysteria: Three essays on the theory of sexuality and other works (1905). In J. Strachey, A. Strachey and A. Tyson (Eds.), The standard edition of the complete psychological works of Sigmund Freud, Volume VII (1901-1905), pp. 123–246). London: Hogarth Press.
  • Freud, S. (1959/1896). Further remarks on the defense neuro-psychoses. In E. Jones (Ed.) & J. Riviere (Trans.) Collected papers (Vol. 1), pp. 155–182. New York: Basic Books. (Original work published in 1896).
  • Furer, P., & Walker, J. R. (2008). Death anxiety: A cognitive-behavioral approach. Journal of Cognitive Psychotherapy, 22(2), 167–182. doi:10.1891/0889-8391.22.2.167
  • Gallager, C. (Ed.). (2002). The object of psychoanalysis: The seminar of Jacques Lacan: Book XIII. London: Karnac Books.
  • Gessert, A. (2004). The body in hypochondria - some thoughts. The Journal of the Centre for Freudian Analysis and Research, Spring, 14, 11–17.
  • Ghanizadeh, A., & Firoozabadi, A. (2012). A review of somatoform disorders in DSM-IV and somatic symptom disorders in proposed DSM-V. Psychiatria Danubina, 24(4), 353–358.
  • Grinnell, G. (2010). The age of hypochondria: Interpreting romantic health and illness. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Hazan, C., & Shaver, P. (1987). Romantic love conceptualized as an attachment process. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 52(3), 511–524.
  • Hedman, E., Andersson, G., Andersson, E., Ljotsson, B., Ruck, C., Asmundson, G.J., & Lindefors, N. (2011). Internet-based cognitive-behavioural therapy for severe health anxiety: Randomised controlled trial. British Journal of Psychiatry, 198, 230–236. doi:10.1192/bjp. bp.110.086843
  • Holloway, I. (2005). Qualitative research in health care. McGraw-Hill Education (UK).
  • Hunter, J. J., & Maunder, R. G. (2001). Using attachment theory to understand illness behavior. General Hospital Psychiatry, 23(4), 177–182. doi:10.1016/S0163-8343(01)00141-4
  • James, A., & Wells, A. (2002). Death beliefs, superstitious beliefs and health anxiety. British Journal of Clinical Psychology, 41(1), 43–53. doi:10.1348/014466502163787 Jones, S. M., Andersen, M. R., & Litwin, P. (2020). Avoidance and reassurance seeking in response to health anxiety are differentially related to use of healthcare. Journal of Public Health. doi:10.1007/ s10389-020-01299-8
  • Kirmayer, L. J., & Young, A. (1998). Culture and somatization: Clinical, epidemiological, and ethnographic perspectives. Psychosomatic Medicine, 60(4), 420–430.
  • Klein, M. (1935). A contribution to the psychogenesis of manic-depressive states. International Journal of Psycho-Analysis, 16, 145–174.
  • Koch, T. (1995). Interpretive approaches in nursing research: The influence of Husserl and Heidegger. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 21(5), 827–836. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2648.1995.21050827.x
  • Lipsitt, D. R. (2014). Psychodynamic models and therapeutic approaches to hypochondriasis. In V. Starcevic & R. Noyes (Eds.), Hypochondriasis and health anxiety: A guide for clinicians (pp. 222– 240). Oxford University Press.
  • Lipsitt, D. R. (2015). Hypochondriasis and somatization disorder: New perspectives. In H. Leigh & J. Streltzer (Eds.), Handbook of consultation-liasion psychiatry (2nd ed., pp. 317–334). New York: Springer.
  • Munir, K., Ergene, T., Dag, I., Erol, N., & Aker, T. (2006). The Republic of Turkey National Mental Health Policy. Ankara: Ministry Health Turkey.
  • Noyes, R., Stuart, S. P., Langbehn, D. R., Happel, R. L., Longley, S. L., Muller, B. A., & Yagla, S. J. (2003). Test of an interpersonal model of hypochondriasis. Psychosomatic Medicine, 65(2), 292– 300.
  • Noyes, R., Stuart, S., Longley, S. L., Langbehn, D. R., & Happel, R. L. (2002). Hypochondriasis and fear of death. The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 190(8), 503–509. doi:10.1097/01. NMD.0000026619.27653.B4
  • Okita, M., Kobori, O., Okita, K., Hasegawa, T., Shiraishi, T., & Iyo, M. (2016). The motivations and characteristics of seeking reassurance in health anxiety: A qualitative study of Japanese samples. Chiba Medical Journal, 92(1), 1–9.
  • Papis, K. G. (2015). Emotional intelligence and sociotropy-autonomy in young women with DSM-IVTR hypochondriasis: A mixed-method study (Doctoral dissertation). University of Wolverhampton, United Kingdom. Retrieved from https://wlv.openrepository.com
  • Pope, C., & Mays, N. (1995). Qualitative research: Reaching the parts other methods cannot reach: An introduction to qualitative methods in health and health services research. British Medical Journal, 311(6996), 42–45.
  • Richards, A. D. (1981). Self theory, conflict theory, and the problem of hypochondriasis. The Psychoanalytic Study of the Child, 36(1), 319–337.
  • Rosenfeld, H. A. (1958). Some observations on the psychopathology of hypochondriacal states. International Journal of Psycho-Analysis, 39, 121–124.
  • Salkovskis, P. M., Rimes, K. A., Warwick, H. M. C., & Clark, D. M. (2002). The Health Anxiety Inventory: Development and validation of scales for the measurement of health anxiety and hypochondriasis. Psychological Medicine, 32(05), 843–853. doi:10.1017/S0033291702005822
  • Sata, M. J., & Munday, C. C. (2017). Primary and secondary gain. In V. Zeigler-Hill & T. K. Shackelford (Eds.), Encyclopedia of personality and individual differences (pp. 1–4). Springer International Publishing.
  • Scarella, T. M., Laferton, J. A., Ahern, D. K., Fallon, B. A., & Barsky, A. (2016). The relationship of hypochondriasis to anxiety, depressive, and somatoform disorders. Psychosomatics, 57(2), 200– 207. doi:10.1016/j.psym.2015.10.006
  • Segall, A. (1976). The sick role concept: Understanding illness behavior. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 17(2), 162–169.
  • Singh, K., Fox, J. R., & Brown, R. J. (2016). Health anxiety and internet use: A thematic analysis. Cyberpsychology: Journal of Psychosocial Research on Cyberspace, 10(2), 98– 120. doi:10.5817/CP2016-2-4
  • Smith, J. A. (2011). Evaluating the contribution of interpretative phenomenological analysis. Health Psychology Review, 5(1), 9–27. doi:10.1080/17437199.2010.510659
  • Smith, J. A., & Eatough, V. (2007). Interpretative phenomenological analysis. In E. Lyons A. Coyle (Eds.), Analysing qualitative data in psychology (pp. 35–50). Los Angeles, London, New Delhi, Singapore: Sage Publications.
  • Smith, J. A., Flowers, P., & Larkin, M. (2009). Interpretative phenomenological analysis: Theory, method and research. London: SAGE.
  • Smith, J. A., Harre, R., & Van Langenhove, L. (1995). Idiography and the Case-Study. In J. A. Smith, R. Harre & L. Van Langenhove (Eds), Rethinking psychology (pp. 59–69). London: Sage.
  • Smith, J. A., & Osborn, M. (2003). Interpretative phenomenological analysis. In J. A. Smith (Ed.), Qualitative Psychology: A practical guide to research methods (pp. 51–80). London: Sage.
  • Starcevic, V. (1989). Contrasting patterns in the relationship between hypochondriasis and narcissism. British Journal of Medical Psychology, 62(4), 311–323.
  • Starcevic, V., & Lipsitt, D. R. (2001). Introduction. Hypochondriasis: Modern perspectives on an ancient malady (pp. 11–14). Oxford University Press.
  • Starcevic, V., & Noyes, N. (2014). Introduction and key issues. Hypochondriasis and health anxiety: A guide for clinicians (pp. 1–7). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Stegge, B. M., Tak, L. M., Rosmalen, J. G., & Voshaar, R. C. O. (2018). Death anxiety and its association with hypochondriasis and medically unexplained symptoms: A systematic review. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 115, 58–65. doi:10.1016/j.jpsychores.2018.10.002
  • Strachan, E., Schimel, J., Arndt, J., Williams, T., Solomon, S., Pyszczynski, T., & Greenberg, J. (2007). Terror mismanagement: Evidence that mortality salience exacerbates phobic and compulsive behaviors. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 33(8), 1137–1151. doi:10.1177/0146167207303018
  • Stuart, S., & Noyes, R. (1999). Attachment and interpersonal communication in somatization. Psychosomatics, 40, 34–43.
  • Sulkowski, M. L., Mariaskin, A, & Storch, E. A. (2011). Obsessive-compulsive spectrum disorder symptoms in college students. Journal of American College Health, 59(5), 342–348.
  • Taylor, R. B. (2016). White coat tales: Medicine’s heroes, heritage, and misadventures. New York, NY: Springer-Verlag.
  • te Poel, F., Baumgartner, S. E., Hartmann, T., & Tanis, M. (2016). The curious case of cyberchondria: A longitudinal study on the reciprocal relationship between health anxiety and online health information seeking. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 43, 32–40. doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2016.07.009
  • Tyrer, P., Wang, D., Crawford, M., Dupont, S., Cooper, S., Nourmand, S., Lazarevic, V., Philip, A., &
  • Tyrer, H. (2020). Sustained benefit of cognitive behaviour therapy for health anxiety in medical patients (CHAMP) over 8 years: A randomised-controlled trial. Psychological Medicine, 1–9. doi:10.1017/S003329172000046X
  • van den Heuvel, O. A., Veale, D., & Stein, D. J. (2014). Hypochondriasis: Considerations for ICD- 11. Brazilian Journal of Psychiatry, 36, 21–27. doi:10.1590/1516-4446-2013-1218
  • Wahl, C. W. (1963). Unconscious factors in the psychodynamics of the hypochondrical patient. Psychosomatics, 4, 9–14.
  • Warwick, H. M. (1989). A cognitive-behavioural approach to hypochondriasis and health anxiety. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 33(6), 705–711.
  • Wearden, A., Perryman, K., & Ward, V. (2006). Adult attachment, reassurance seeking and hypochondriacal concerns in college students. Journal of Health Psychology, 11(6), 877–886. doi:10.1177/1359105306069086
  • Weck, F., Richtberg, S., Jakob, M., Neng, J. M., & Höfling, V. (2015). Therapist competence and therapeutic alliance are important in the treatment of health anxiety (hypochondriasis). Psychiatry Research, 228(1), 53–58. doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2015.03.042
  • Willig, C. (2001). Introducing qualitative research in psychology. Adventures in theory and method. Buckingham, Philadelphia: Open University Press.
  • Wilton, R. D. (2003). Locating physical disability in Freudian and Lacanian psychoanalysis: Problems and prospects. Social and Cultural Geography, 4(3), 369–389. doi: 10.1080/14649360309069
  • Wintrebert, D. (2009). Hypochondria between belief and certainty. L’Information Psychiatrique, 85(1), 43–49. doi:10.1684/ipe.2009.0427
  • Xiong, G. L., Bourgeois, J. A., Chang, C. H., Liu, D., & Hilty, D. M. (2007). Hypochondriasis: Common presentations and treatment strategies in primary care and specialty settings. Clinical Practice, 4(3), 323–338. doi:10.2217/14750708.4.3.32
APA BULUT B, BOZO O (2022). A Helix of Anxiety: A Qualitative Analysis of the Personal Experiences of Individuals with Health Anxiety. , 165 - 198. 10.26650/SP2021-935379
Chicago BULUT BURCU PINAR,BOZO OZLEM A Helix of Anxiety: A Qualitative Analysis of the Personal Experiences of Individuals with Health Anxiety. (2022): 165 - 198. 10.26650/SP2021-935379
MLA BULUT BURCU PINAR,BOZO OZLEM A Helix of Anxiety: A Qualitative Analysis of the Personal Experiences of Individuals with Health Anxiety. , 2022, ss.165 - 198. 10.26650/SP2021-935379
AMA BULUT B,BOZO O A Helix of Anxiety: A Qualitative Analysis of the Personal Experiences of Individuals with Health Anxiety. . 2022; 165 - 198. 10.26650/SP2021-935379
Vancouver BULUT B,BOZO O A Helix of Anxiety: A Qualitative Analysis of the Personal Experiences of Individuals with Health Anxiety. . 2022; 165 - 198. 10.26650/SP2021-935379
IEEE BULUT B,BOZO O "A Helix of Anxiety: A Qualitative Analysis of the Personal Experiences of Individuals with Health Anxiety." , ss.165 - 198, 2022. 10.26650/SP2021-935379
ISNAD BULUT, BURCU PINAR - BOZO, OZLEM. "A Helix of Anxiety: A Qualitative Analysis of the Personal Experiences of Individuals with Health Anxiety". (2022), 165-198. https://doi.org/10.26650/SP2021-935379
APA BULUT B, BOZO O (2022). A Helix of Anxiety: A Qualitative Analysis of the Personal Experiences of Individuals with Health Anxiety. Psikoloji çalışmaları (Online), 42(1), 165 - 198. 10.26650/SP2021-935379
Chicago BULUT BURCU PINAR,BOZO OZLEM A Helix of Anxiety: A Qualitative Analysis of the Personal Experiences of Individuals with Health Anxiety. Psikoloji çalışmaları (Online) 42, no.1 (2022): 165 - 198. 10.26650/SP2021-935379
MLA BULUT BURCU PINAR,BOZO OZLEM A Helix of Anxiety: A Qualitative Analysis of the Personal Experiences of Individuals with Health Anxiety. Psikoloji çalışmaları (Online), vol.42, no.1, 2022, ss.165 - 198. 10.26650/SP2021-935379
AMA BULUT B,BOZO O A Helix of Anxiety: A Qualitative Analysis of the Personal Experiences of Individuals with Health Anxiety. Psikoloji çalışmaları (Online). 2022; 42(1): 165 - 198. 10.26650/SP2021-935379
Vancouver BULUT B,BOZO O A Helix of Anxiety: A Qualitative Analysis of the Personal Experiences of Individuals with Health Anxiety. Psikoloji çalışmaları (Online). 2022; 42(1): 165 - 198. 10.26650/SP2021-935379
IEEE BULUT B,BOZO O "A Helix of Anxiety: A Qualitative Analysis of the Personal Experiences of Individuals with Health Anxiety." Psikoloji çalışmaları (Online), 42, ss.165 - 198, 2022. 10.26650/SP2021-935379
ISNAD BULUT, BURCU PINAR - BOZO, OZLEM. "A Helix of Anxiety: A Qualitative Analysis of the Personal Experiences of Individuals with Health Anxiety". Psikoloji çalışmaları (Online) 42/1 (2022), 165-198. https://doi.org/10.26650/SP2021-935379
Sayfa Oluşturulma Tarihi
24-04-2024 2:48

İLETİŞİM

TÜBİTAK ULAKBİM TR Dizin

Yüzüncüyıl, İşçi Blokları Mahallesi

Muhsin Yazıcıoğlu Caddesi No:51/C

06530 Çankaya / ANKARA +90 (312) 298 92 00

trdizin@tubitak.gov.tr

TÜBİTAK ULAKBİM Ulusal Akademik Ağ ve Bilgi Merkezi Cahit Arf Bilgi Merkezi © Tüm Hakları Saklıdır. Gizlilik Politikası Kullanım Şartları