Yıl: 2021 Cilt: 2 Sayı: Özel sayı Sayfa Aralığı: 74 - 88 Metin Dili: İngilizce DOI: 10.47818/DRArch.2021.v2si036 İndeks Tarihi: 20-03-2023

To integrate or not to integrate? A matter of choice for universities

Öz:
What is the right location for a university campus? Universities have a preponderant role in today’s societal models. They have been in the core of development — economic, social, sustainable, inter alia — and their role within urban context has changed in order to respond to the university mission — that nowadays includes of civic engagement as well as a stronger participation in economies, through the development of startups and innovation ecosystems. This paper relies on the premise that, even in a post-pandemic world, the Campus is still a window to the world, it can shape the perception people have of the University, can be used as a branding asset and, most of all, impacts the lives of everyone living, learning, and working there. The Campus is a very powerful tool, one that universities worldwide have been using as a way of positioning themselves, of attracting students and faculty, and also creating synergies and relationships with companies. It shapes the relationships created inside and outside of it. As such, this research argues that universities can be key elements in generating and enabling dynamic synergies, promoting the presence of students, academics, and learning spaces in urban contexts. To accomplish this, universities should preserve their spatial identity and uniqueness, while guaranteeing the existence of adequate places for all learning related activities and embodying inclusion and sustainable development, promoting encounters and interaction. These two needs, for inclusion and livelihood while safeguarding some privacy coexist creating some tension for all campus users. With this issue in mind, this paper explores an analytical framework for university campuses within urban fabrics, understanding the different types of urban insertion and connections established with local and regional players, and exploring the dichotomy between closeness centrality and betweenness centrality, as variables than can be used to balance the tension between integration and privacy that affects university campuses and academic communities worldwide. Four compact university campuses that host similar functions are used to test the methodology: Simon Fraser University in Burnaby, Canada; Aalto University in Espoo, Finland; MIT in Cambridge, MA, USA; and Yale University, in New Haven, USA. This paper relies on syntactic analysis to provide deeper information and some clarification on the university location and accessibility within the urban fabrics.
Anahtar Kelime: university campus integration choice centrality university synergies

Belge Türü: Makale Makale Türü: Araştırma Makalesi Erişim Türü: Erişime Açık
  • Al-Sayed, K., Turner, A., Hillier, B., and Iida, S., 2014. Space Syntax Methodology. 2nd ed. London: Bartlett School of Graduate Studies, UCL.
  • Campos Calvo-Sotelo, P., 2015. Niveles espaciales y dimensión fenomenológica en los ámbitos universitarios. Revista Arquitectonics, 27.
  • Cannas da Silva, L., 2017. Campus as a City - City as a Campus. A morphological approach to university precincts in urban dynamics. Universidade de Lisboa.
  • Christiaanse, K. and Hoeger, K., 2007. Campus and the City - Urban Design for the Knowledge Society. 1st ed. Zurich: gta Verlag, ETH Zurich.
  • Conceição, P. and Heitor, M., 1999. On the role of the university in the knowledge economy. Science and Public Policy, 26 (1), 37–51.
  • Conceição, P. and Heitor, M., 2001. Universities in the learning economy: Balancing institutional integrity with organizational diversity. In: The Globalising Learning Economy: Major Socio-Economic trends and European Innovation Policies. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 83–96.
  • Corneil, J. and Parsons, P., 2007. The Contribution of Campus Design to the Knowledge Society: An International Perspective. In: K. Christiaanse and K. Hoeger, eds. Campus and the City - Urban Design for the Knowledge Society. Zurich: gta Verlag, ETH Zurich.
  • Dober, R.P., 1992. Campus Design. New York, Chichester, Brisbane, Toronto, Singapore: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
  • Duderstadt, J.J., 2002. The future of higher education in the knowledge-driven, global economy of the 21st century. 175th Anniversary Symposium, University of Toronto, 1–26.
  • Edwards, B., 2003. University Architecture. London: Taylor and Francis.
  • Engwicht, D., 1992. Towards an eco-city. Calming the traffic. Sydney: Envirobook.
  • Gibbons, M., Limoges, C., Nowotny, H., Schartzman, S., Scott, P., and Trow, M., 1994. The New Production of Knowledge - The Dynamics of Science and Research in Contemporary Societies. London: SAGE.
  • Hajrasouliha, A.H. and Ewing, R., 2016. Campus Does Matter - The Relationship of Student Retention and Degree Attainment to Campus Design. Planning for Higher Education, (June), 30–46.
  • den Heijer, A., 2011. Managing the University Campus - Information to support real estate decisions. Delft: Eburon Academic Publishers. Heitor, T. and Pinelo, J., 2006. Axial map of Lisbon.
  • Heitor, T.V. and Pinelo Silva, J., 2015. A Sintaxe Espacial e o Ambiente Construído - Análise Morfológica. In: V. Oliveira, T. Marat-Mendes, and P. Pinho, eds. O Estudo da Forma Urbana em Portugal. Porto: Universidade do Porto, 147–190.
  • Heitor, T. and Serra, M., 2016. Lisbon’s 11th International Space Syntax Symposium – challenges and prospects for the space syntax field. Journal of Space Syntax, 6 (2).
  • Hillier B, Hanson J, Peponis J, Hudson J, Burdett R, 1983, "Space syntax: a new urban perspective" Architects Journal 178 (48) 48-63
  • Hillier, B. and Hanson, J., 1984. The Social Logic of Space. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Hillier, B., Yang, T., and Turner, A., 2012. Normalising least angle choice in Depthmap and it opens up new perspectives on the global and local analysis of city space. Journal of Space Syntax, 3 (2), 155–193.
  • Indovina, F., 1997. Sinergi Tra Communità e Università. Archivio di Studi Urbani e Regionali, 28/29 (60/61), 85–114.
  • Kenney, D.R., Dummont, R., and Kenney, G., 2005. Mission and place. Strengthening learning and community trough campus design. Westport, CT: Praeger Publishers.
  • Knight, R., 1995. Knowledge-based Development: Policy and Planning Implications for Cities. Urban Studies.
  • Peponis, J., 2016. The Space Syntax of Intelligible Communities. In: R.H. Hunter, L.A. Anderson, and B.L. Belza, eds. Community Wayfinding : Pathways to Understanding. Springer, 35–60.
  • Seabra, C., 2016. Cambridge Axial Map.
  • Temple, P., 2009. From Space to Place: University Performance and its Built Environment. Higher Education Policy, 22 (2), 209–223.
  • Temple, P., 2014. The Physical University: Countours of Space and Place in Higher Education. Paul Temple. Abingdon, New York: Routledge.
  • Turner, A., 2004a. Depthmap 4: a researcher’s handbook. London: Bartlett School of Graduate Studies, UCL.
  • Whyte, W.H., 1980. The Social Life of Small Urban Spaces. New York: The Conservation Foundation.
APA Cannas da Silva L, Heitor T (2021). To integrate or not to integrate? A matter of choice for universities. , 74 - 88. 10.47818/DRArch.2021.v2si036
Chicago Cannas da Silva Luisa,Heitor Teresa To integrate or not to integrate? A matter of choice for universities. (2021): 74 - 88. 10.47818/DRArch.2021.v2si036
MLA Cannas da Silva Luisa,Heitor Teresa To integrate or not to integrate? A matter of choice for universities. , 2021, ss.74 - 88. 10.47818/DRArch.2021.v2si036
AMA Cannas da Silva L,Heitor T To integrate or not to integrate? A matter of choice for universities. . 2021; 74 - 88. 10.47818/DRArch.2021.v2si036
Vancouver Cannas da Silva L,Heitor T To integrate or not to integrate? A matter of choice for universities. . 2021; 74 - 88. 10.47818/DRArch.2021.v2si036
IEEE Cannas da Silva L,Heitor T "To integrate or not to integrate? A matter of choice for universities." , ss.74 - 88, 2021. 10.47818/DRArch.2021.v2si036
ISNAD Cannas da Silva, Luisa - Heitor, Teresa. "To integrate or not to integrate? A matter of choice for universities". (2021), 74-88. https://doi.org/10.47818/DRArch.2021.v2si036
APA Cannas da Silva L, Heitor T (2021). To integrate or not to integrate? A matter of choice for universities. Journal of Design for Resilience in Architecture and Planning, 2(Özel sayı), 74 - 88. 10.47818/DRArch.2021.v2si036
Chicago Cannas da Silva Luisa,Heitor Teresa To integrate or not to integrate? A matter of choice for universities. Journal of Design for Resilience in Architecture and Planning 2, no.Özel sayı (2021): 74 - 88. 10.47818/DRArch.2021.v2si036
MLA Cannas da Silva Luisa,Heitor Teresa To integrate or not to integrate? A matter of choice for universities. Journal of Design for Resilience in Architecture and Planning, vol.2, no.Özel sayı, 2021, ss.74 - 88. 10.47818/DRArch.2021.v2si036
AMA Cannas da Silva L,Heitor T To integrate or not to integrate? A matter of choice for universities. Journal of Design for Resilience in Architecture and Planning. 2021; 2(Özel sayı): 74 - 88. 10.47818/DRArch.2021.v2si036
Vancouver Cannas da Silva L,Heitor T To integrate or not to integrate? A matter of choice for universities. Journal of Design for Resilience in Architecture and Planning. 2021; 2(Özel sayı): 74 - 88. 10.47818/DRArch.2021.v2si036
IEEE Cannas da Silva L,Heitor T "To integrate or not to integrate? A matter of choice for universities." Journal of Design for Resilience in Architecture and Planning, 2, ss.74 - 88, 2021. 10.47818/DRArch.2021.v2si036
ISNAD Cannas da Silva, Luisa - Heitor, Teresa. "To integrate or not to integrate? A matter of choice for universities". Journal of Design for Resilience in Architecture and Planning 2/Özel sayı (2021), 74-88. https://doi.org/10.47818/DRArch.2021.v2si036