Obesity is a global health problem characterized by the deterioration of body fat balance. In order to gain new perspectives in the contend with this problem, various researches are carried out to understand the biochemical, physiological, etc. processes related to the development and progression of obesity. Leptin, called the satiety hormone, is involved in many vital activities from appetite metabolism to the immune system and is also effective in energy homeostasis. Genetic defects in the signaling or components of the leptin hormone, which plays a major role in the regulation of body weight, may cause leptin resistance and thus obesity. In addition, possible contributions of intestinal microbiota to the pathogenesis of many metabolic disorders such as obesity, insulin resistance are being investigated. Intestinal microbiota; it is responsible for many metabolic events such as food digestion and absorption, regulation of secretion of various appetite hormones or peptides, and disorders in the microbiota are also risk factors for obesity. It is also supported by studies that the intestinal microbiota is associated with leptin, which may have an effect on obesity. This review has been prepared in line with current information researched in order to draw attention to the microbiota and the role of leptin hormone in the etiology of obesity. The research was compiled from publications published in peer-reviewed journals and scanned in PubMed, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. For this purpose, the keywords leptin, intestinal microbiota, obesity, leptin resistance were used together and research articles were included in this study.