Since anticoagulation performe d by affecting hematological parameters has serious complications such as bl eeding, studies are also conducted to benefit from diets instead of prophylactic anticoagulants in order to reduce the risk of developing venous thromboembolism (VTE). Our aim is to review the benefits of the Mediterranean diet in the prophylaxis and treatment of deep vein thrombosis (DVT), although the current studies have yet to be conclusive. The Mediterranean diet is characterized by the consumption of plant-based food s such as vegetables, fruits, nuts, legumes and unpr ocessed cereals, and seafood such as fish. The consumption of meat and meat products is low in this diet. The consumption of dairy products is also low. Fruits, vegetables and juices in the Mediterranean diet contain a significant amount of flavonoids. In addition, olive oil, which is one of the basic elements of the Mediterranean diet, has antioxidant properties due to its essential polyphenolic compounds. It has been reported that the low consumption of vegetables contributes to the increase of VTE incidence in Thai society. On the contrary, a diet with plenty of herbal food, fish and a small amount of red meat (Mediterranean diet) has been reported to reduce the risk of VTE. We think that the Mediterranean diet, which is beneficial for our health, may also decrease the risk of DVT. However, medical therapy is required for the treatment of patients with DVT. Nutritional approaches, including the Mediterranean diet, should be considered as supplement.