Early Byzantine Pottery from Limyra’s West and East Gate Excavations

Bes, Philip

doi:10.47589/adalya.838038

Early Byzantine Pottery from Limyra’s West and East Gate Excavations

Philip BES

Adalya

0 0

Yıl: 2020 Cilt: 23 Sayı: 23 Sayfa Aralığı: 377 - 407 Metin Dili: İngilizce DOI: 10.47589/adalya.838038 İndeks Tarihi: 23-11-2022

Early Byzantine Pottery from Limyra’s West and East Gate Excavations

Öz:

This article presents and discusses Early Byzantine pottery that was excavated at and around Limyra’s East and West Gates in 2011 and 2012. Not all excavated contexts were relevant to the aim of the study, which focuses on the Early Byzantine period. Pottery that pre- and postdates this period also occurred frequently. The pottery from selected contexts was sorted and quantified using fabric, shape and surface treatment as classificatory principles. It is noteworthy that pottery datable between the 2nd century BCE and the 3rd, perhaps the 4th century CE was not found in stratigraphic context: it was only identified in the form of residual fragments. Early Byzantine pottery occurs in large numbers, and especially around the West Gate there is a strong signal for contexts datable to the 5th and early/first half of the 6th century CE. All amphorae were imported, mostly from various parts of the Eastern Mediterranean; small quantities originated in the Western Mediterranean and the Black Sea. Most cooking vessels and part of the utilitarian and tableware repertoire, however, was obtained from local/regional workshops, pottery now partly better understood in terms of fabric and typological repertoire.

Anahtar Kelime:

Öz:

Bu makalede, Limyra kentinin Doğu ve Batı Kapıları’nda, 2011 ve 2012 yıllarında gerçekleş- tirilen kazı çalışmaları sonucu ele geçen Erken Bizans Dönemi keramiği tanıtılmaktadır. Yoğun biçimde Roma öncesi ve sonrası keramikleri su- nan kontekstler, çalışma kapsamının dışında bı- rakılmıştır. Seçilmiş kontekstlere ait keramikler, üretim özelliği, form ve yüzey işlenişi kriterle - ri göz önünde tutularak tasnif edilmiş ve ince - lenmiştir. Stratigrafik kontekst içerisinde, diğer tabakalardan karıştığı düşünülen birkaç örnek haricinde, MÖ 2.-3. yüzyıl ve olasılıkla MS 4. yüzyıl keramiklerinin yer almayışı dikkat çekici bir husustur. Malzeme içerisinde, Erken Bizans Dönemi’ne ait çok sayıda keramik ele geçmiş olup, özellikle Batı Kapısı çevresinde MS 5. ve 6. yüzyıl başına/ilk yarısına tarihlenebilen konteks- tlere rastlanılmıştır. Tümü ithal olan amphorala- rın önemli bölümü Doğu Akdeniz’in çeşitli mer- kezlerine; geriye kalan az sayıdaki örnek ise Batı Akdeniz ve Karadeniz’deki atölyelere aittir. Bu çalışma, pişirme kaplarının önemli bölümünün ve yerel/bölgesel atölyelere ait günlük kullanım kapları ve sofra kapları repertuvarının bir kıs - mının hamur özellikleri ve tipolojileri açısından daha iyi anlaşılmasını mümkün kılmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelime:

Belge Türü: Makale Makale Türü: Araştırma Makalesi Erişim Türü: Erişime Açık

Arqué, M.-C., S. Lemaître, and S.Y. Waksman. 2012. “Les céramiques de cuisson en Lycie romaine: es- sai de définition des faciès morphologiques et d’approvisionnement en Méditerranée orientale.” In Les céramiques communes dans leur contexte régional: faciès de consommation et mode d’approvisionnement. Actes de la table ronde organisée à Lyon les 2 et 3 février 2009 à la Maison de l’Orient et de la Méditerranée, edited by C.B. Vallet, 141-53. Travaux de la Maison de l’Orient et de la Méditerranée 60. Lyon: Maison de l’Orient et de la Méditerranée Jean Pouilloux.
Bes, P.M. 2014. “Late Antique-Early Byzantine Pottery.” Anmed 12:78-79.
Bes, P.M. 2015. “Late Antique/Early Byzantine Pottery from the East and West Gates.” Anmed 13:78-79.
Bes, P.M. 2016. “Late Antique/Early Byzantine Pottery.” Anmed 14:82-83.
Bes, P.M. 2019. “Research on Late Roman and Early Byzantine Pottery in Limyra 2018.” Anatolia Antiqua 27:234-39.
Bes, P.M. 2020a. Forthcoming. “Late Roman Pontic Amphorae found in Limyra (Turkey) and Horvat Kur (Israel): Typology, Provenance, Context.” In Understanding Transformations, edited by A. Schachner and E. Sökmen. Byzas 25. Istanbul.
Bes, P.M. 2020b. Forthcoming. “Over the Hills and Far Away. Comparing Long-Distance Imported Pottery at Late Roman Sagalassos and Limyra.” In: Pisidia ve Yakın Çevresinde Üretim, Ticaret ve Ekonomi (Production, Trade and Economy in Pisidia and its Surrounding Areas), edited by A. Mörel, M. Kaşka, M. Fırat, G. Kaşka, and H. Köker. Ankara.
Bes, P.M., and J. Poblome. 2017. “Urban Thespiai: The Late Hellenistic to Late Roman Pottery.” In Boeotia Project. Vol. 2: The City of Thespiai: Survey at a Complex Urban Site, edited by J.L. Bintliff, E. Farinetti, B. Slapsˇak, and A.M. Snodgrass, 317-49. Cambridge: McDonald Institute for Archaeological Research.
Bezeczky, T. 2013. The Amphorae of Roman Ephesus. Ephesos 15.1. Vienna: Verlag der Österreichisches Akademie der Wissenschaften.
Bonifay, M. 2004. Études sur la céramique romaine tardive d’Afrique. BAR-IS 1301. Oxford: Archaeopress.
Borchhardt, J. 2002. Der Fries vom Kenotaph für Gaius Caesar in Limyra. Forschungen in Limyra 2. Vienna: Phoibos Verlag.
Cavalier, L. 2012. “Deux nouveaux temples à Limyra?” In 40 Jahre Grabung Limyra. Akten des in- ternationalen Symposions Wien, 3.-5. Dezember 2009 , edited by M. Seyer, 133-39. Vienna: Österreichisches Archäologisches Institut.
Cavalier, L. 2015. “Remarques sur l’ornementation en Lycie à l’époque hellénistique.” In La sculpture gré- co-romaine en Asie Mineure. Synthèse et recherches récentes. Colloque internationale de Besançon - 9 et 10 octobre 2014, edited by S. Montel, 239-50. Publications de l’Institut des Sciences et Techniques de l’Antiquité 1345. Besançon: Presses Universitaires de Franche-Comté.
Çetintaş, E. 2018. “Antik Dönemde Seramik Üretim Tekniklerine Dair İzler: Rhodiapolis Örneği.” Sanat ve Tasarım Dergisi: 93-105.
Çokay-Kepçe, S. 2013. “Pamphylia Bölgesi’nden “Kuzey Suriye” Mortariumları.” In Tarhan Armağanı. M. Taner Tarhan’a Sunulan Makaleler. Essays in Honour of M. Taner Tarhan, edited by O. Tekin, M.H. Sayar, and E. Konyar, 165-73. Istanbul: Ege Yayınları.
Çömezoğlu, Ö. 2014. “Coarse Wares from the Early Byzantine Episcopal Church of Rhodiapolis: Cooking Wares and Amphorae.” In LRCW 4. Late Roman Coarse Wares, Cooking Wares and Amphorae in the Mediterranean. Archaeology and Archaeometry. The Mediterranean: A Market without Frontiers, edited by N. Poulou-Papadimitriou, E. Nodarou, and V. Kilikoglou, 665-75. BAR-IS 2616. Oxford: Archaeopress.
Dolea, A. 2017. “Ceramic Building Material.” Anatolia Antiqua 25:151-52.
Dolea, A. Forthcoming. “Urban Pragmatism and Adaptation in Byzantine Limyra.” In Proceedings of Contested Heritage: Adaptation, Restoration and Innovation in the Late Antique and Byzantine World. 21st International Graduate Conference, Oxford University, Byzantine Society. Leiden: Brill.
Dündar, E. 2013. “A Group of Amphorae from Side Museum and a New Type of Amphora: the Lycian Amphora?” AA 2012.1:43-61.
Dündar, E. 2015. “The Ceramics from Patara: Investigations, Productions and Trade. Past Studies - Future Projections.” In Kum’dan Kent’e Patara Kazılarının 25 Yılı Uluslararası Sempozyum Bildirileri, 11-13 Kasım 2013, Antalya, edited by H. İşkan and F. Işık, 199-227. Patara 7.1. Istanbul: Ege Yayınları.
Dündar, E. 2016a. “Ceramics in Lycia: An Overview on Production and Trade.” In From Lukka to Lycia. The Land of Sarpedon and St. Nicholas, edited by H. İşkan and E. Dündar, 504-19. Anatolian Civilizations Series 5. Istanbul: Yapı Kredi Yayınları.
Dündar, E. 2016b. “Amphoren und Handel.” In Patara. Lykiens Tor zur römischen Welt , edited by H. İşkan, C. Schuler, Ş. Aktaş, D. Reitzenstein, A. Schmölder-Veit, and M. Koçak, 95-99. Darmstadt: Philipp von Zabern.
Dündar, E. 2018. “The Maritime Trade of Roman Patara. Preliminary Remarks on the Amphorae.” Skyllis 18.2:166-73.
Eisenmenger, U. 2003. “Late Roman Pottery in Limyra (Lycia).” In Les céramiques an Anatolie aux époques hellénistique et romaine. Actes de la Table Ronde d’Istanbul, 22-24 mai 1996, edited by C. Abadie- Reynal, 193-96. Varia Anatolica 15. Istanbul: Institut Français d’Études Anatoliennes-Georges Dumézil.
Fedoseev, N.F., K. Domż alski, A. Opaiţ , and A.V. Kulikov. 2010. “Post-Justinian Pottery Deposit from Pantikapaion-Bosporos: Rescue Excavations at 12, Teatral’Naja St. in Kerch, 2006.” Archeologia 61:63-94.
Foss, C. 1994. “The Lycian Coast in the Byzantine Age.” DOP 48:1-52.
Ganzert, J. 1984. Das Kenotaph für Gaius Caesar in Limyra. Architektur und Bauornamentik. IstForsch 35. Tübingen: Verlag Ernst Wasmuth.
Hayes, J.W. 1972. Late Roman Pottery. London: The British School at Rome.
Hayes, J.W. 2008. Roman Pottery. Fine Ware Imports: Typology. Agora 32. Princeton: The American School of Classical Studies at Athens.
Hellenkemper, H., and F. Hild. 2004. Lykien und Pamphylien. 3 vols. Tabula Imperii Byzantini 8. Denkschriften, Österreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften: Philosophisch-historische Klasse 320. Vienna: Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften.
Japp, S. 2009. “The Local Pottery Production of Kibyra.” AnatSt 59:95-128.
Kassab Tezgör, D. 2009. Les fouilles et le matériel de l’atelier amphorique de Demirci près de Sinope. Varia Anatolica 20. Paris: De Boccard.
Keay, S.J. 1984. Late Roman Amphorae in the Western Mediterranean. A Typology and Economic Study: the Catalan Evidence. BAR-IS 196. Oxford: B.A.R.
Kugler, K. 2018. “A Ceramic Production Site in the Kibyratis: A Contribution to the Problematic Identification of Local Ceramic Workshops.” In International Young Scholars Conference II: Mediterranean Anatolia 04-07 November 2015, Antalya. Symposium Proceedings, edited by T. Kahya, A. Özdizbay, N. Tüner Önen, and M. Wilson, 479-504. Antalya: Koç University AKMED.
Lemaître, S., S.Y. Waksman, M.-C. Arqué, E. Pellegrino, C. Rocheron, and B. Yener-Marksteiner. 2013. “Identité régionale et spécificités locales en Lycie antique: l’apport des céramiques culinaires.” In Euploia. La Lycie et al Carie antiques. Dynamiques des territoires, échanges et identités. Actes du colloque de Bordeaux, 5, 6 et 7 Novembre 2009, edited by P. Brun, L. Cavalier, K. Konuk, and F. Prost, 189-212. Ausonius Éditions 34. Bordeaux: Ausonius.
Marksteiner, T. 2012. “Die Siedlungsgeschichte der ostlykischen Polis Limyra: Ein wissenschaftlicher Essay.” In 40 Jahre Grabung Limyra. Akten des internationalen Symposions Wien, 3-5 Dezember 2009, edited by M. Seyer, 199-209. Vienna: Österreichisches Archäologisches Institut.
Meyza, H. 2007. Cypriot Red Slip Ware: Studies on a Late Roman Levantine Fine Ware. Nea Paphos 5. Warsaw: Centre d’Archéologie Méditerranéenne de l’Académie Polonaise des Sciences.
Neyt, B., D. Braekmans, J. Poblome, J. Elsen, M. Waelkens, and P. Degryse. 2012. “Long-Term Clay Raw Material Selection and Use in the Region of Classical/Hellenistic to Early Byzantine Sagalassos (SW Turkey).” JAS 39.5:1296-305 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jas.2012.01.005
Orton, C., and M. Hughes. 2013. Pottery in Archaeology. 2nd ed. Cambridge Manuals in Archaeology. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Özüdoğru, Ş., and E. Dündar. 2007. “Kibyra Geç Roma - Erken Doğu Roma Dönemi Mühürlü Unguentariumları.” Olba 15:145-77.
Peacock, D.P.S., and D.F. Williams. 1986. Amphorae and the Roman Economy: An Introductory Guide. Longman Archaeology Series. London: Longman.
Pellegrino, E. 2007a. “Les céramiques de la maison du nord-est de l’acropole lycienne de Xanthos: un en- semble original de la fin du VI e-début du VIIe s. apr. J.-C.” In LRCW 2. Late Roman Coarse Wares, Cooking Wares and Amphorae in the Mediterranean. Archaeology and Archaeometry, edited by M. Bonifay and J.-C. Tréglia, 659-69. BAR-IS 1662. Oxford: Archaeopress.
Pellegrino, E. 2007b. “Présentation des céramiques à pâte rouge orangé sableuses de Xanthos. Une pro- duction de céramique culinaire locale sur le long terme.” In Céramiques antiques en Lycie (VII e s. a.C.-VIIe s. p.C.). Les produits et les marches. Actes de table-ronde de Poitiers, 21-22 mars 2003, edited by S. Lemaître, 225-59. Ausonius Études 16. Bordeaux: Ausonius.
Peloschek, L., M. Seyer, B. Yener-Marksteiner, and P.M. Bes. 2017. “Limestone, Diorite and Radiolarite: First Petrographic Data of Fired Clay Objects from Limyra (Southwest Turkey).” Adalya 20:241-66.
Peña, J.T. 1998. “The Mobilization of State Olive Oil: Late 4th. C. Ostraca.” In Carthage Papers. The Early Colony’s Economy, Water Supply, a Public Bath, and the Mobilization of State Olive Oil, edited by J.T. Peña, J.J. Rossiter, A.I. Wilson, C.M. Wells, M. Carroll, J. Freed, and D. Godden, 116-238. JRA Suppl. 28. Portsmouth: Journal of Roman Archaeology.
Peschlow, U. 2006. “Befestigungen lykischer Städte in spätantiker und frühbyzantinischer Zeit.” In The IIIrd Symposium on Lycia, 7.-10. 11. 2005, Symposium Proceedings. Vol. II, edited by K. Dörtlük, B. Varkıvanç, T. Kahya, J. des Courtils, M. Doğan Alparslan, and R. Boyraz, 601-23. Antalya: AKMED.
Pieri, D. 2005. Le commerce du vin oriental à l’époque byzantine (Ve-VIIe siècle). Le temoignage des amphores en Gaule. Bibliothèque Archéologique et Historique 174. Beirut: Institut Français d’Archéologique du Proche-Orient.
Pitarakis, B. 2005. “Une production caractéristique de cruches en alliage cuivreux (VIe-VIIIe siècles): typo- logie, techniques et diffusion.” Antiquité Tardive 13:11-27.
Poblome, J., and P.M. Bes. 2018. “This is how we do it. Methodology of Pottery Processing at Sagalassos.” RCRFActa 45:731-40.
Poblome, J., and N. Fırat. 2011. “Late Roman D. A Matter of open(ing) or closed Horizons?” In Late Roman Fine Wares. Solving Problems of Typology and Chronology. A Review of the Evidence, Debate and New Contexts, edited by M.A. Cau Ontiveros, P. Reynolds, and M. Bonifay, 49-55. Late Roman Fine Wares 1. Roman and Late Antique Mediterranean Pottery 1. Oxford: Archaeopress.
Poblome, J., M. Corremans, P.M. Bes, K. Romanus, and P. Degryse. 2008. “It is never too late... The Late Roman Initiation of Amphora Production in the Territory of Sagalassos.” In Euergetes. Festschrift für Prof. Dr. Haluk Abbasoğlu zum 65. Geburtstag. Vol. 2, edited by İ. Delemen, S. Çokay-Kepçe, A. Özdizbay, and Ö. Turak, 1001-12. Armağan Dizisi 1. Antalya: AKMED.
Poulou-Papadimitriou, N., and S. Didioumi. 2010. “Nouvelles données sur la production de l’atelier céra- mique protobyzantin à Kardamaina (Cos-Grèce).” In LRCW 3. Late Roman Coarse Wares, Cooking Wares and Amphorae in the Mediterranean. Archaeology and Archaeometry. Comparison between Western and Eastern Mediterranean, edited by S. Menchelli, S. Santoro, M. Pasquinucci, and G. Giuducci, 741-49. BAR-IS 2185.2. Oxford: Archaeopress.
Pülz, A. 2014. “Some Remarks on the so-called Synagogue in Limyra.” Journal of Ancient Judaism 5:162-66.
Rantitsch, G., W. Prochaska, M. Seyer, H. Lotz, and C. Kurtze. 2016. “The Drowning of Ancient Limyra (Southwestern Turkey) by Rising Groundwater during Late Antiquity to Byzantine Times.” Austrian Journal of Earth Sciences 109.2:203-10.
Reynolds, P. 2010. “Trade Networks of the East, 3rd to 7th Centuries: The View from Beirut (Lebanon) and Butrint (Albania) (Fine Wares, Amphorae and Kitchen Wares).” In LRCW 3. Late Roman Coarse Wares, Cooking Wares and Amphorae in the Mediterranean. Archaeology and Archaeometry. Comparison between Western and Eastern Mediterranean, edited by S. Menchelli, S. Santoro, M. Pasquinucci, and G. Giuducci, 89-114. BAR-IS 2185.1. Oxford: Archaeopress.
Reynolds, P. 2011. “Fine Wares from Beirut Contexts, c. 450 to c. 600.” In Late Roman Fine Wares. Solving Problems of Typology and Chronology. A Review of the Evidence, Debate and New Contexts, edited by M.A. Cau Ontiveros, P. Reynolds, and M. Bonifay, 207-30. Late Roman Fine Wares 1. Roman and Late Antique Mediterranean Pottery 1. Oxford: Archaeopress.
Rice, P.M. 2015. Pottery Analysis. A Sourcebook. 2nd ed. Chicago, IL: The University of Chicago Press.
Robinson, H.S. 1959. Pottery of the Roman Period. Chronology. Agora 5. Princeton: The American School of Classical Studies at Athens.
Rocheron, C., and T. Blanco. 2014. “Les céramiques communes de la fin de l’Antiquité à Xanthos: conti- nuité ou innovation?” In LRCW 4. Late Roman Coarse Wares, Cooking Wares and Amphorae in the Mediterranean. Archaeology and Archaeometry. The Mediterranean: A Market without Frontiers, edited by N. Poulou-Papadimitriou, E. Nodarou, and V. Kilikoglou, 685-92. BAR-IS 2616. Oxford: Archaeopress.
Rotroff, S.I. 1997. Hellenistic Pottery. Athenian and Imported Wheelmade Table Ware and Related Material. 2 vols. Agora 29. Princeton, NJ: The American School of Classical Studies at Athens.
Schuh, U. 2012. “Die Ausgrabungen in den Theaterthermen von Limyra. Vorläufige Ergebnisse 2007-2009.” In Akten des 13. Österreichischen Archäologentages. Klassische und Frühägäische Archäologie, Paris-Lodron-Universität Salzburg vom 25. bis 27. Februar 2010, edited by C. Reinholdt and W. Wohlmayr, 161-67. Vienna: Phoibos Verlag.
Seyer, M. 2013. “Urbanistische Forschungen in Limyra (Lykien).” Archäologie Österreichs 24.1:55-63.
Seyer, M. 2019. “Some Aspects of the Urbanistic Development in Limyra in the Hellenistic and Early Roman Periods.” RA 68.2:375-89.
Seyer, M. Forthcoming. “Die Befestigungen von Limyra (Lykien).” In Atlas historique et archéologique de l’Asie Mineure. Vol. 1, Les fortifications, edited by I. Pimouguet-Pédarros and C. Balandier.
Seyer, M., and H. Lotz. 2013a. “Grabung in der Oststadt.” Kazı Sonuçları Toplantısı 35.1:404-6.
Seyer, M., and H. Lotz. 2013b. “East Gate Excavation.” Anmed 11:83-85.
Seyer, M., and H. Lotz. 2013c. “A Synagogue in Limyra? Preliminary Report on a Byzantine Building with Jewish Elements.” Journal of Ancient Judaism 4:133-48.
Seyer, M., and H. Lotz. 2014. “A Building with Jewish Elements in Limyra/Turkey - A Synagogue?” Journal of Ancient Judaism 5:142-52.
Seyer, M., and U. Schuh. 2013. “West Gate Excavation.” Anmed 11:85-87.
Seyer, M., A. Dolea, K. Kugler, H. Brückner, and F. Stock. 2017. “The Excavation at Limyra/Lycia 2016: Preliminary Report.” Anatolia Antiqua 25:143-60.
Seyer, M., A. Dolea, P.M. Bes, D.Zs. Schwarcz, S. Baybo, A.K.L. Leung, U. Quatember, M. Wörrle, H. Brückner, F. Stock, A. Symanczyk, G. Stanzl, K. Kugler, and B. Yener-Marksteiner. 2019. “The Excavations at Limyra/Lycia 2018: Preliminary Report.” Anatolia Antiqua 27:231-52.
Sewing, K. 2015. “Die Südthermen (ehemals Bischofspalast) in Limyra. Bauaufnahme und Interpretation.” ÖJh 84:213-57.
Stanzl, G. 2012 “Zur Neuaufnahme der Arbeiten am Ptolemaion in Limyra.” In 40 Jahre Grabung Limyra. Akten des internationalen Symposions Wien, 3-5 Dezember 2009, edited by M. Seyer, 327-42. Vienna: Österreichisches Archäologisches Institut.
Stanzl, G. 2017. “Werkspuren und Bautechnik am Ptolemaion von Limyra. Eine ostlykische „Bauhütte“ im Dienst der Ptolemäer?” In Werkspuren. Materialverarbeitung und handwerkliches Wissen im anti- ken Bauwesen. Internationales Kolloquium, Berlin, 13.-16. Mai 2015, edited by D. Kurapkat and U. Wulf-Rheidt, 209-26. Diskussionen zur archäologischen Bauforschung 12. Regensburg: Schnell & Steiner.
Southampton. 2014. Roman Amphorae: A Digital Resource [data-set]. University of Southampton. York: Archaeological Data Service. https://archaeologydataservice.ac.uk/archives/view/amphora_ ahrb_2005/cat_amph.cfm
Uygun, Ç., and E. Dökü. 2008. “Kibyra Yerel Kırmızı Astarlı Seramiklerinden Örnekler.” Adalya 11:133-63.
Vokaer, A. 2007. “La Brittle Ware byzantine et omeyyade en Syrie du Nord.” In LRCW 2. Late Roman Coarse Wares, Cooking Wares and Amphorae in the Mediterranean. Archaeology and Archaeometry, edited by M. Bonifay and J.-C. Tréglia, 701-13. BAR-IS 1662.2. Oxford: Archaeopress.
Vroom, J.C. 2004. “Late Antique Pottery, Settlement and Trade in the East Mediterranean: A Preliminary Comparison of Ceramics from Limyra (Lycia) and Boeotia.” In Recent Research on the Late Antique Countryside, edited by W. Bowden, L.A. Lavan, and C. Machado, 281-331. Late Antique Archaeology 2. Leiden: Brill.
Vroom, J.C. 2005. “New Light on ‘Dark Age’ Pottery: A Note on Finds from South-Western Turkey.” RCRFActa 39:249-55. Abingdon: Rei Cretariæ Romanæ Fautores.
Vroom, J.C. 2007. “Limyra in Lycia: Byzantine/Umayyad Pottery Finds from Excavations in the Eastern Part of the City.” In Céramiques antiques en Lycie (VIIe s. a.C. - VIIe s. p.C.). Les produits et les marches. Actes de table-ronde de Poitiers, 21-22 mars 2003, edited by S. Lemaître, 261-92. Ausonius Études 16. Bordeaux: Ausonius.
Waksman, S.Y., and S. Lemaître, 2010. “Céramiques culinaires de Lycie (Turquie) aux époques romaine et proto-byzantine: approches archéologiques et archéométriques.” In LRCW 3. Late Roman Coarse Wares, Cooking Wares and Amphorae in the Mediterranean. Archaeology and Archaeometry. Comparison between Western and Eastern Mediterranean, edited by S. Menchelli, S. Santoro, M. Pasquinucci, and G. Giuducci, 781-90. BAR-IS 2185.2. Oxford: Archaeopress.
Weiss, Z. 2014. “Was it a Synagogue? Preliminary Thoughts on the New Finds from Limyra.” Journal of Ancient Judaism 5:153-61.
Yener-Marksteiner, B. 2007. “Keramik aus der Sondage 5 in der Weststadt von Limyra.” ÖJh 76:236-76.
Yener-Marksteiner, B. 2009. “Ausgewählte spätrömisch-frühbyzantinischen Keramik aus einem Gebäudekomplex in der Weststadt Limyras.” ÖJh 78:227-52.
Yener-Marksteiner, B. 2012. “Frühkaiserzeitliche Sigillata der Weststadtgrabung in Limyra 2002-2003.” In 40 Jahre Grabung Limyra. Akten des internationalen Symposions Wien, 3-5 Dezember 2009, edited by M. Seyer, 371-86. Forschungen in Limyra 6. Vienna: Österreichisches Archäologisches Institut.
Yener-Marksteiner, B. 2013. “Vorläufige Ergebnisse der Untersuchungen der Keramikfunde des Andriake- Surveys.” In Euploia. La Lycie et la Carie antiques. Dynamiques des territoires, échanges et iden- tités. Actes du colloque de Bordeaux, 5, 6 et 7 novembre 2009, edited by P. Brun, L. Cavalier, K. Konuk, and F. Prost, 225-32. Ausonius Éditions 34. Bordeaux: Ausonius.
Yener-Marksteiner, B. 2016a. “Studien zum kaiserzeitlichen Tafelgeschirr aus der Metropolis der Lykier, Limyra (Lykien/Türkei).” Ph.D. diss., University of Vienna.
Yener-Marksteiner, B. 2016b. “Limyra als Bischofssitz: Einblick in die Keramik mit christlicher Symbolik.” In Angekommen auf Ithaka. Festgabe für Jürgen Borchhardt zum 80. Geburtstag, edited by F. Blakolmer, M. Seyer, and H.D. Szemethy, 185-99. Vienna: Phoibos Verlag.
Yener-Marksteiner, B. 2019. “Arkeolojik Kontekstler Işığında Limyra Yöresel-Yerel Mutfak Seramiğinin Ana Formlarına Diakronik Bir Bakış: Tencere ve Güveçler (MS I-VII. Yüzyıl).” Cedrus 7:345-64.
Yıldırım, Ş. 2012. “Hurmalık Hamamı Buluntuları Işığında Patara’nın Geç Roma-Erken Bizans Dönemi Kuzey Afrika Kökenli Seramikleri.” Anadolu Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi 12.4:151-71.

APA	Bes P (2020). Early Byzantine Pottery from Limyra’s West and East Gate Excavations. , 377 - 407. 10.47589/adalya.838038
Chicago	Bes Philip Early Byzantine Pottery from Limyra’s West and East Gate Excavations. (2020): 377 - 407. 10.47589/adalya.838038
MLA	Bes Philip Early Byzantine Pottery from Limyra’s West and East Gate Excavations. , 2020, ss.377 - 407. 10.47589/adalya.838038
AMA	Bes P Early Byzantine Pottery from Limyra’s West and East Gate Excavations. . 2020; 377 - 407. 10.47589/adalya.838038
Vancouver	Bes P Early Byzantine Pottery from Limyra’s West and East Gate Excavations. . 2020; 377 - 407. 10.47589/adalya.838038
IEEE	Bes P "Early Byzantine Pottery from Limyra’s West and East Gate Excavations." , ss.377 - 407, 2020. 10.47589/adalya.838038
ISNAD	Bes, Philip. "Early Byzantine Pottery from Limyra’s West and East Gate Excavations". (2020), 377-407. https://doi.org/10.47589/adalya.838038

APA	Bes P (2020). Early Byzantine Pottery from Limyra’s West and East Gate Excavations. Adalya, 23(23), 377 - 407. 10.47589/adalya.838038
Chicago	Bes Philip Early Byzantine Pottery from Limyra’s West and East Gate Excavations. Adalya 23, no.23 (2020): 377 - 407. 10.47589/adalya.838038
MLA	Bes Philip Early Byzantine Pottery from Limyra’s West and East Gate Excavations. Adalya, vol.23, no.23, 2020, ss.377 - 407. 10.47589/adalya.838038
AMA	Bes P Early Byzantine Pottery from Limyra’s West and East Gate Excavations. Adalya. 2020; 23(23): 377 - 407. 10.47589/adalya.838038
Vancouver	Bes P Early Byzantine Pottery from Limyra’s West and East Gate Excavations. Adalya. 2020; 23(23): 377 - 407. 10.47589/adalya.838038
IEEE	Bes P "Early Byzantine Pottery from Limyra’s West and East Gate Excavations." Adalya, 23, ss.377 - 407, 2020. 10.47589/adalya.838038
ISNAD	Bes, Philip. "Early Byzantine Pottery from Limyra’s West and East Gate Excavations". Adalya 23/23 (2020), 377-407. https://doi.org/10.47589/adalya.838038