The Protection Scale of Healthcare Professionals and Their Families in Pandemia: A Scale Development Study Specific to COVID-19
Yıl: 2022 Cilt: 32 Sayı: 2 Sayfa Aralığı: 314 - 322 Metin Dili: İngilizce DOI: 10.4274/terh.galenos.2021.83604 İndeks Tarihi: 05-10-2022
The Protection Scale of Healthcare Professionals and Their Families in Pandemia: A Scale Development Study Specific to COVID-19
Öz: Objective: In this study, “The Protection Scale of Healthcare Professionals and Their Families in Pandemia” (SHPFP) was developed specifically to the Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic to determine the protection levels and efficiencies of the measures taken in healthcare institutions. Methods: This study is of a methodological type. In scale studies, it is recommended to reach the number of participants 5-10 times more than the number of items in the item pool. The scale included 22 items and was applied to 220 participants. Therefore, 35 physicians, 148 nurses and 37 health technicians, were determined as the sample using a stratified random sampling method. The predictive factors for SHPFP were developed between the dates of June- September 2020. The internal consistency of the tool was examined using Cronbach’s alpha, and factor structure and discriminant validity by exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses. The test-retest reliability was measured by intraclass correlation coefficient. Results: The KMO sample suitability coefficient of the scale was found as 0.876, and Barlett’s Sphericity test as χ2=2715,998 (df=231). The tool having 22 items at first was reduced to 21 items in 5 factors describing 66.78% of the total variance. These five factors, of which the scree plot eigenvalue of 1.0 and above, are “business processes”, “participation in decisions”, “work environment”, “informing and isolation” and “psychological support”. Conclusion: SHPFP, developed in this study, can be used in healthcare institutions to determine the protection levels and efficiencies of the measures taken due to the pandemic to protect healthcare staff and their families.
Anahtar Kelime: Salgın Durumunda Sağlık Çalışanlarını ve Ailelerini Koruma Ölçeği: COVID-19 Özelinde Ölçek Geliştirme Çalışması
Öz: Amaç: Bu çalışmada, “Salgında Sağlık Çalışanları ve Ailelerini Koruma Tedbirleri Ölçeği” (SSÇKÖ), Koronavirüs hastalığı-2019 (COVID-19) pandemisi özelinde, sağlık kuruluşlarında alınan tedbirlerin sağlık çalışanları ve ailelerini koruma düzeylerini ve etkinliklerini belirlemek amacıyla geliştirilmiştir. Yöntem: Bu çalışma metodolojik bir tiptedir. Ölçek çalışmalarında, madde havuzundaki madde sayısının 5-10 katı kadar katılımcı sayısına ulaşılması önerilmektedir. Ölçek 22 maddedir ve 220 katılımcıya uygulanmıştır. Bu nedenle 35 hekim, 148 hemşire ve 37 sağlık teknisyeni tabakalı rastgele örnekleme yöntemi kullanılarak örneklem olarak belirlenmiştir. SSÇKÖ’nün yordayıcı faktörleri Haziran-Eylül 2020 tarihleri arasında geliştirilmiştir. Aracın iç tutarlılığı Cronbach’s alfa, faktör yapısı ve ayırıcı geçerliliği ise açımlayıcı ve doğrulayıcı faktör analizleri ile incelenmiştir. Test-tekrar test güvenilirliği, sınıf içi korelasyon katsayısı ile ölçülmüştür. Bulgular: Ölçeğin KMO örneklem uygunluk katsayısı 0,876 ve Bartlett’s Sphericity testi χ2=2715,998 (df=231) (p<0,001) olarak saptanmıştır. İlk 22 maddelik araç, toplam varyansın %66,78’ini açıklayan 5 faktör içinde 21 maddeye indirgenmiştir. Scree plot özdeğeri 1,0 ve daha üzeri olan bu 5 faktör; “iş süreçleri”, “kararlara katılım”, “çalışma ortamı”, “bilgilendirme ve izolasyon” ve “psikolojik destektir”. Sonuç: Bu çalışmada geliştirilen SSÇKÖ ile sağlık kuruluşlarında pandemi nedeni ile alınan tedbirlerin sağlık çalışanlarını ve ailelerini koruma düzeylerini ve etkinliklerini belirlemede kullanılabilir.
Anahtar Kelime: Belge Türü: Makale Makale Türü: Araştırma Makalesi Erişim Türü: Erişime Açık
- 1. CDC. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) [Internet]. Last accessed date: 15 November 2020. Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/ coronavirus/2019-ncov/cases-updates/cases-in-us.html
- 2. WHO. Coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic [Internet]. Last accessed date: 15 November 2020. Available from: https://www.who.int/emergencies/ diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019
- 3. Republic of Turkey Ministry of Health. COVID-19 Weekly Situation Report 17-23 August 2020 [Internet]. Last accessed date: 15 November 2020. Available from: https://covid19.saglik.gov.tr/ Eklenti/38906/0/covid-19-weekly-situation-report---34-weekpdf.pdf?_ tag1=CCCCBBB6DED7755220C08077A8DF4F7D49B93E7A
- 4. İstanbul Tabip Odası. COVID-19 Pandemisinde İstanbul Kamu Hastaneleri Anketi Değerlendirmesi [Internet]. 16 Temmuz 2020. Last accessed date: 28 November 2020. Available from: https://www.istabip. org.tr/koronavirus/Haberler/5986/covid-19-pandemisinde-istanbulkamu- hastaneleri-anketi-degerlendirmesi
- 5. Haberler.com. Salgın sürecinde 216 sağlık personeli koronavirüs nedeniyle hayatını kaybetti [Internet]. 09 Aralık 2020. Last accessed date: 15 Aralık 2020. Available from: https://www.haberler.com/salginsuresince- 216-saglik-personeli-koronavirus-13790214-haberi/
- 6. Sade G. Koronavirüs nedeniyle kaç sağlık çalışanı hayatını kaybetti [Internet]. 23 Eylül 2020. Last accessed date: 15 Aralık 2020. Available from: https://tr.euronews.com/2020/09/20/koranavirus-nedeniylehangi- ulkede-kac-saglik-calisani-hayatini-kaybetti
- 7. Yen MY, Lin YE, Lee CH, et al. Taiwan’s traffic control bundle and the elimination of nosocomial severe acute respiratory syndrome among healthcare workers. J Hosp Infect 2011;77:332-7.
- 8. Schwartz J, King CC, Yen MY. rotecting Healthcare Workers During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Outbreak: Lessons From Taiwan’s Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Response. Clin Infect Dis 2020;71:858-60.
- 9. Kang L, Ma S, Chen M, et al. Impact on mental health and perceptions of psychological care among medical and nursing staff in Wuhan during the 2019 novel coronavirus disease outbreak: a cross-sectional study. Brain Behav Immun 2020;87:11-7.
- 10. Khalid I, Khalid TJ, Qabajah MR, Barnard AG, Qushmaq IA. Healthcare workers emotions, perceived stressors and coping strategies during a MERS-CoV outbreak. Clin Med Res 2016;14:7-14.
- 11. Bryant FB, Yarnold PR. Principal-components analysis and exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis. In: Grimm LG, Yarnold PR, editors. Reading and understanding multivariate statistics. Sch Psychol, 1995. p.99-136.
- 12. Worthington RL, Whittaker TA. Scale development research: a content analysis and recommendations for best practices. Couns Psychol 2006;34:806-38.
- 13. Veneziano L, Hooper J. A method for quantifying content validity of health-related questionnaires. Am J Health Behav 1997;21:67-70.
- 14. Kline RB. Principles and Practice of Structural Equation Modeling, 4th Ed. New York, Londan, The Guilford Press, 2016. p.188-336.
- 15. Baumgartner H, Homburg C. Applications of structural equation modeling in marketing and consumer research: A review. Int J Res Mark 1996;13:139-61.
- 16. Bentler PM. Multivariate analysis with latent variables: Causal modeling. Ann Rev Psychol 1980;31:419-56.
- 17. Bentler PM, Bonett DG. Significance tests and goodness of fit in the analysis of covariance structures. Psychol Bull 1980;88:588-606.
- 18. Marsh HW, Hau KT, Artelt C, Baumert J, Peschar JL. OECD’s brief selfreport measure of educational psychology’s most useful affective constructs: Cross-cultural, psychometric comparisons across 25 countries. Int J Test 2006;6:311-60.
- 19. Browne MW, Cudeck R. Alternative ways of assessing model fit. Sociol Methods Res 1992;21:230-58.
- 20. Schermelleh-Engel K, Moosbrugger H, Müller H. Evaluating the fit of structural equation models: tests of significance and descriptive goodness-of-fit measures. MPR-Online 2003;8:23-74.
- 21. Murphy KR, Davidshofer CO. Psychological Testing: Principles and Applications. 6th Ed. New Jersey, Pearson Education International, 2005. p.248-546.
- 22. Crocker L, Algina J. Introduction to classical and modern test theory. Ohio (ABD): Cengage Learning press, 1986. p.287-477.
- 23. Rust J, Golombok S. Modern Psychometrics: the science of psychological assessment. 3th Ed. New York, Routledge press, 2009. p.72-230.
- 24. Coombs W, Schroeder H. An analysis of factor analytic data. Pers Individ Dif 1988;9:79-85.
- 25. Kang L, Li Y, Hu S, et al. The mental health of medical workers in Wuhan, China dealing with the 2019 novel coronavirus. Lancet Psychiatry 2020;7:e14.
- 26. Corruble E. A viewpoint from Paris on the COVID-19 Pandemic: A necessary turn to telepsychiatry. J Clin Psychiatry 2020;81:20com13361.
- 27. Grant JS, Davis LL. Selection and use of content experts for instrument development. Res Nurs Health 1997;20:269-74.
- 28. Shek DTL, Yu L. Confirmatory factor analysis using AMOS: a demonstration. Int J Disabil Hum Dev 2014;13:191-204.
| APA | YURDAKOS K, Unalan D (2022). The Protection Scale of Healthcare Professionals and Their Families in Pandemia: A Scale Development Study Specific to COVID-19. , 314 - 322. 10.4274/terh.galenos.2021.83604 |
| Chicago | YURDAKOS KÜRSAT,Unalan Demet The Protection Scale of Healthcare Professionals and Their Families in Pandemia: A Scale Development Study Specific to COVID-19. (2022): 314 - 322. 10.4274/terh.galenos.2021.83604 |
| MLA | YURDAKOS KÜRSAT,Unalan Demet The Protection Scale of Healthcare Professionals and Their Families in Pandemia: A Scale Development Study Specific to COVID-19. , 2022, ss.314 - 322. 10.4274/terh.galenos.2021.83604 |
| AMA | YURDAKOS K,Unalan D The Protection Scale of Healthcare Professionals and Their Families in Pandemia: A Scale Development Study Specific to COVID-19. . 2022; 314 - 322. 10.4274/terh.galenos.2021.83604 |
| Vancouver | YURDAKOS K,Unalan D The Protection Scale of Healthcare Professionals and Their Families in Pandemia: A Scale Development Study Specific to COVID-19. . 2022; 314 - 322. 10.4274/terh.galenos.2021.83604 |
| IEEE | YURDAKOS K,Unalan D "The Protection Scale of Healthcare Professionals and Their Families in Pandemia: A Scale Development Study Specific to COVID-19." , ss.314 - 322, 2022. 10.4274/terh.galenos.2021.83604 |
| ISNAD | YURDAKOS, KÜRSAT - Unalan, Demet. "The Protection Scale of Healthcare Professionals and Their Families in Pandemia: A Scale Development Study Specific to COVID-19". (2022), 314-322. https://doi.org/10.4274/terh.galenos.2021.83604 |
| APA | YURDAKOS K, Unalan D (2022). The Protection Scale of Healthcare Professionals and Their Families in Pandemia: A Scale Development Study Specific to COVID-19. İzmir Tepecik Eğitim Hastanesi Dergisi, 32(2), 314 - 322. 10.4274/terh.galenos.2021.83604 |
| Chicago | YURDAKOS KÜRSAT,Unalan Demet The Protection Scale of Healthcare Professionals and Their Families in Pandemia: A Scale Development Study Specific to COVID-19. İzmir Tepecik Eğitim Hastanesi Dergisi 32, no.2 (2022): 314 - 322. 10.4274/terh.galenos.2021.83604 |
| MLA | YURDAKOS KÜRSAT,Unalan Demet The Protection Scale of Healthcare Professionals and Their Families in Pandemia: A Scale Development Study Specific to COVID-19. İzmir Tepecik Eğitim Hastanesi Dergisi, vol.32, no.2, 2022, ss.314 - 322. 10.4274/terh.galenos.2021.83604 |
| AMA | YURDAKOS K,Unalan D The Protection Scale of Healthcare Professionals and Their Families in Pandemia: A Scale Development Study Specific to COVID-19. İzmir Tepecik Eğitim Hastanesi Dergisi. 2022; 32(2): 314 - 322. 10.4274/terh.galenos.2021.83604 |
| Vancouver | YURDAKOS K,Unalan D The Protection Scale of Healthcare Professionals and Their Families in Pandemia: A Scale Development Study Specific to COVID-19. İzmir Tepecik Eğitim Hastanesi Dergisi. 2022; 32(2): 314 - 322. 10.4274/terh.galenos.2021.83604 |
| IEEE | YURDAKOS K,Unalan D "The Protection Scale of Healthcare Professionals and Their Families in Pandemia: A Scale Development Study Specific to COVID-19." İzmir Tepecik Eğitim Hastanesi Dergisi, 32, ss.314 - 322, 2022. 10.4274/terh.galenos.2021.83604 |
| ISNAD | YURDAKOS, KÜRSAT - Unalan, Demet. "The Protection Scale of Healthcare Professionals and Their Families in Pandemia: A Scale Development Study Specific to COVID-19". İzmir Tepecik Eğitim Hastanesi Dergisi 32/2 (2022), 314-322. https://doi.org/10.4274/terh.galenos.2021.83604 |
