Aim: It was aimed to determine the factors affecting outcomes in concomitant esotropia and treatment of amblyopia. Materials and Methods: The records of 159 patients in Haydarpaşa Numune Training and Research Hospital, Clinic of Ophthalmology, Strabismus Unit were retrospectively evaluated in the study. While treatment with patching was performed in 86 patients due to amblyopia, surgical intervention was performed in the other 73 patients due to concomitant esotropia. Results: The age at onset of treatment in Strabismic Amblyopia group was 5.1±1.7 years; and the final increase in visual acuity was 4.1±0.4 standard lines (0.41±0.04 logMAR). The age at onset of treatment in the Strabismic Anisometropic Amblyopia group was 5.3±2.1 years; and the final increase in visual acuity was 4.3±0.6 standard lines (0.43±0.06 logMAR). In the full-time patching group, the initial visual acuity was 0.32±0.17 standard lines (=0.50±0.21 logMAR), and the final visual acuity was 0.76±0.20 standard lines 35 (0.13±0.34 logMAR). In the part-time patching group, the initial visual acuity was 0.30±0.15 standard lines (0.52±0.09 logMAR), and the final visual acuity was 0.63±0.20 standard lines (0.20±0.34 logMAR). A strong correlation was found between the initial visual acuity level and the amount of increase in visual acuity of the patients who underwent patching therapy (p=0.00). Surgical success in cases with binocular single vision (80.60%) was statistically significant compared to those without binocular single vision (63.60%), (p=0,02; chi-square test). There was no statistically significant difference in surgical success between the non refractive and refractive concomitant esotropia (p>0.05; chi-square test). Conclusion: We believe that preoperative deviation angle alone is not sufficient as a criterion for esotropia surgery planning, and considering binocular vision and stereopsis together with a successful amblyopia treatment is important for affecting the results of strabismus surgery.