Yıl: 2022 Cilt: 19 Sayı: 2 Sayfa Aralığı: 429 - 443 Metin Dili: İngilizce DOI: 10.5505/itujfa.2022.88027 İndeks Tarihi: 19-10-2022

Modernization initiatives and architectural instrumentalization after Nasser al-Din Shah’s travels to the West (1873-1896)

Öz:
The 19th century Iran, like other non-Western geographies had a traditional cultural, urban, social and production style. The Turkic Qajar dynasty which subordinated other local authorities in Iran in the late 18th and early 19th centuries wanted to appear on the world’s global stage as a political union. With this motivation, from the second half of the 19th century, the efforts to modernise Iran gained a new pace under the rule of Nasser al-Din Shah (1848-1896) who was the first Iranian ruler visited Western Europe. Nasser al-Din Shah desired to both join the country to the modern industrial world, and in this way, open new areas of legitimacy for his own political power. In this period modernization initiatives also gave serious outputs in the built environment in Iranian cities. Tehran, in particular, was the epicentre of this transformation where many initiatives took place, seized an important step towards the end of the century in order
Anahtar Kelime:

Belge Türü: Makale Makale Türü: Araştırma Makalesi Erişim Türü: Erişime Açık
  • Aboutaleb Khan. (1973). Mesir-i Talibi (Fa.), (Hossein Khadiv Jam, Ed.). 1st Edition, Tehran: Ketabha-e Jibi. Afshar, M. (1970). Safarnameh-i Khosrow Mirza (Fa.), Tehran: Ketabkhane- e Mostofi.
  • Alizadeh Moghadam, B. & Hashemipour, Z. (2019). Studying of the Role of Armenians in Boushehr Customs during the Qajar period based on the Documents of that Period 1210-1332
  • AH/1795-1914AD), Journal of Historical Researches, Vol. 10, Issue 4, No.40
  • Amanat, Abbas. (2019). Qebleh Alem: Nasser al-Din Shah Qajar va Padeshah-i Iran (Pivot of the Universe) (Fa.), Tehran: Karnameh Publications. Avery, P. (1994). Tarikh-i Muaser-i Iran (Modern Iran)(Fa.), (Mohammad Rafiei Mehrabad, Trans.), Tehran: Entesharat Talayi Publications.
  • Banimasoud, A. (2015). Mimari-i Muasır-i Iran (Iran Contemporary Architeture), Tehran: Honar-e Me’mari Publications.
  • Coaldrake, W. H. (2002). Architecture and authority in Japan. Routledge.
  • Curzon, G. N. (2017). Iran va Qaziye- i Iran (Persia and The Persian Quastion)( Fa.), (Gholamali Vahid Mazandarani, Trans.). Vol. I, Tehran: Elmi va Farhangi Publications.
  • Elchi, M. A. (1985). Heyratnameh; Sefername-i Mirza Abulhassan Khan Elchi Be Lendra (Hayretname; Travel Book of Mirza Abulhasan Khan Elchi to London )(Fa.), (Hassan Morsalvand, Ed.). Tehran: Moasseseh-e Khadamat-e Farhangi-e Rasa.
  • Etemadossaltaneh, M. H. (1877). Mir’atul Baladan, Vol. II, National Library and Archives of the Islamic Republic of Iran (NLI), Record Code: 268068, Book ID Code: 1196579
  • Etemadossaltaneh, M. H. (1878). Mir’atul Baladan, Vol. III, National Library and Archives of the Islamic Republic of Iran (NLI), Record Code: 268068, Book ID Code: 1196582
  • Etemadossaltaneh, M. H. (1879). Mir’atul Baladan, Vol. IV, National Library and Archives of the Islamic Republic of Iran (NLI), Book ID Code: 1118142
  • Etemadossaltaneh, M. H. (1883). Mouze- i Mbarake, Sharaf Newapaper, No: 6 Etemadossaltaneh, M. H. (1885a). Tavarikh-e Motaaleghe ve Maghbareh-e Toghrol, Sharaf Newapaper, No: 29 Etemadossaltaneh, M. H. (1885b). Masjid- Nasseri, Sharaf Newapaper, No: 32
  • Etemadossaltaneh, M. H. (1887b). Mojassame-i Homayouni, Sharaf Newapaper, No: 50
  • Etemadossaltaneh, M. H. (1888). El Me’asir vel’asar)(Fa.), Vol. I, National Library and Archives of the Islamic Republic of Iran (NLI), Record Code: 775546
  • Etemadossaltaneh, M. H. (1889a). Sharh-i Hal-i Monsieur Eiffel, Sharaf Newapaper, No: 71
  • Etemadossaltaneh, M. H. (1889b). İmaret-i Mubareke-i Khabgah, Sharaf Newapaper, No: 65
  • Etemadossaltaneh, M.H. (1971). Ruzname-i Khatirat-i Etemadossaltaneh, (Iraj Afshar, Ed.). Second Edition, Tehran: Amirkabir Publications.
  • Eyüce, Ö. (2001). Teknoloji ve Mimarlık İlişkisinde Çelik ve Cam Mimarlığı Üzerine. Ege Mimarlık, (37).
  • Flandin, E. (1977). Voyage On Perse (Fa.), (Hossein Noursadeghi, Trans.). Tehran: Eshraghi Publication.
  • Foran, J. (2013). Fragile Resistance: Social Transformation in Iran From 1500 To The Revolution, (Ahmad Tadayyon, Trans.). Tehran: Rasa Publications. Foucault, M., Ergüden, I., Keskin, F., & Akınhay, O. (2011). Entellektüelin Siyasi İşlevi, 3th Edition, İstanbul: Ayrıntı Publications.
  • Fraser, D. (1910). Persia and Turkey in revolt. W. Blackwood and sons. Ghobadian, V. (2015). Styles & Concepts in Iranian Contemporary Architecture (Fa.), 3th edition, Tehran: Elm-e Me’mar Publications.
  • Grigor, T. (2016). Persian Architectural Revivals in the British Raj and Qajar Iran. Comparative Studies of South Asia, Africa and the Middle East, 36(3), 384-397.
  • Habibi, M. (2007). Az Shar Ta Shahr (Fa.), Tehran: University of Tehran Press.
  • Hadji Akbari, M. (2015). Vâkâvi-e Naghsh-e Zartoshtian Dar Eghtesâd-e Dore-e Qâjâriye Bâ Tâ’kid Bar Tejaratkhaneha- e Zartoshti (Fa.), Journal of Tarikh-e Now, 11, 2-28.
  • Hamraz, Vida. (2018). Tahlili Ber Faaliyet ve Siyasetha-i Amuzişi-i Müballiğan-i Protestan-ı Amrikayi Der Iran-ı Devre-i Qajar (An Analysis of the Activities and Educational Policies of American Protestant Preachers in Qajar Iran) (Fa.), Historical Studies Quaeterly, 62 (16), 100-121.
  • Issawi, C. (1983). Iranian trade, 1800–1914. Iranian Studies, 16 (3-4), 229-241.
  • Issawi, C. (2009). The Economic History of Iran (Fa.) (Yaghoub Ajand, Trans.). Third Edition, Tehran: Gostareh Iran Publications.
  • Jackson, A.V.W. (1976). Persia, Past and Present (Manouchehr Amiri, Trans.). Second Edition, Tehran: Ofset Publications.
  • Javaher Kalam, A. (1978). Tarikh-e Tehran (Fa.), Second Edition, Tehran: Manouchehri Library Publications.
  • Karimi Zanjani Asl, M. (1996). Nasazegi Der Kudrat-ı Siyasi (Siyasal Güçte Uyumsuzluk)(Far.), Journal of Political & Economic Information, 113- 114, 84-99.
  • Karl, B. (2014). Persian Art in 19 th-Century Vienna. The Shaping of Persian Art: Collections and Interpretations of the Art of Islamic Iran and Central Asia, 110-129.
  • Kasravi, A. (1984). Tarikh-e Mashrouteh-e Iran (Fa), Vol. I, 16th Edition, Tehran: Amir Kabir Publications.
  • Katouzian, H. (1995). The Political Economy of Modern Iran, Despotism and Pseudo-Modernism, 1926-1979 (Mohammadreza Nafisi & Kambiz Azizi, Trans.). 5th edition, Tehran: Markaz Publications.
  • Moayyer ol-Mamalek, D. (1982). Yaddashtha’i Az Zendegi-e Khosousi-e Nasser al-Din Shah (Fa.), 1st edition, Tehran: Nashr-e Tarikh Publications. Naibiyan, J., Alipoor Silab, J. (2011).
  • Zoroastrian's commercial firms during the Qajar period. Journal of Historical Researches, 2(4), 15-34.
  • Nasser al-Din Shah Qajar. (2000). Ruzname-i Khaterat-e Nasser al-Din Shah Dar Safar-e Doyyom-e Fereng (Fa), (Fatemeh Gaziha, Ed.). 1st edition, Tehran: National Archives of Iran Publications.
  • Nasser al-Din Shah. (1983). Safarnameh- e Nasser al-Din Shah Be Farang( Fa.) (Mostofi Mukaddemesi, Ed.). Tehran: Mashal Publications.
  • Nasser al-Din Shah. (1992). Khaterat- e Nasser al-Din Shah Dar Safar-e Sevvom- e Farangestan (Fa.), 2nd Volume, Ed. Esmaeil Rezvani & Fatemeh Gaziha, Tehran: Shaghayegh Publications. National Library and Archives.
  • National Library and Archives of the Islamic Republic of Iran (NLI). (1994c). Ruzname-i Vakayi-i İttifakiye (Vakayi-i İttifakiye Newapaper)(Fa.), Vol. III, First Edition, Tehran: National Library Publications.
  • National Library and Archives of the Islamic Republic of Iran (NLI), Iran Newapaper, No 577, Demirbaş No DSR ۸الف/-- ۱۳۷۰ , Dosya No: 1014574, Nusha Kayıt Numarası: 82-00068-00
  • National Library and Archives of the Islamic Republic of Iran (NLI), Iran Newapaper, No 318, Demirbaş No DSR ۸الف/-- ۱۳۷۰ , Dosya No: 1014574, Nusha Kayıt Numarası: 82-00065-00
  • National Library and Archives of the Islamic Republic of Iran (NLI), Iran Newapaper, No 666, Demirbaş No DSR ۸الف/-- ۱۳۷۰ , Dosya No: 1014574, Nusha Kayıt Numarası: 82-00070-00
  • National Library and Archives of the Islamic Republic of Iran (NLI), Demirbaş No: DSR ۸الف/-- ۱۳۷۰ , Dosya No: 1014574
  • Nazari, F. & Nikzad, Z. (2007). Mimari Dar Darbar-e Sahepqaran (Fa), Journal of Golestan-e Honar, 9, 26-51.
  • Orsolle, Ernest. (1997). Le Caucase et La Perse (Fa.), (Aliasghar Saeedi, Trans.). Tehran: Pajouheshgah-e Oloum-e Ensani va Motaleat-e Farhangi.
  • Rabinow, R. (1984). Michel Foucault ile Söyleşi: Mekan, Bilgi ve Erk, (Mehmet Adam, Trans.). Mimarlık Dergisi, 84/7-8
  • Rampley, M. (2011). Peasants in Vienna: Ethnographic Display and the 1873 World's Fair. Austrian History Yearbook, 42.
  • Ruskin, J. (1905). Lectures on Art and Aratra Pentelici: With Lectures and Notes on Greek Art and Mythology, 1870 (Vol. 20). G. Allen.
  • Shahri, J. (1992). Tehran-e Qadim( Fa), Vol. I, 3th edition, Tehran: Moein Publications.
  • Shirazi, Mirza Saleh. (1968). Safarname( Fa), (Mohammad Shahrestani, Ed.). 1st edition, Tehran: Davarpanah Publications.
  • Shirazian, R. (2012). Tehran Historical Maps Guide (Fa.), 1st Edition, Tehran: Dastan Publications.
  • Shockley, G. (2015). The Instrumentalization of the Arts: Congressional Aesthetics and the National Endowment for the Arts in the 1990s. Arizona State University.
  • Tahvildar, Mirza Hossein Khan. (1963). Joghrafia-e Esfahan(Fa), (Manouchehr Sotoudeh, Ed.). Moasseseh Motaleat va Tahghighat Ejtemai Publications, Tehran
  • Teimouri, E. (1979). Tahrim-e Tanbaku: Avvalin Moghavemat-e Manfi Dar Iran (Fa), 2th Edition, Tehran: Sepehr Publications.
  • Teimouri, Ebrahim. (1953). Asr-e Bikhabari (Fa), Tehran: Eghbal Publications. Zoka, Y. (1970). Tarikhche-e Sakhtomanha- e Ark-e Saltanati va Rahnoma-e Kakh-e Golestan (Fa.), Tehran: Asar-e Anjoman-e Melli. Online References
  • [Album of photographs by Ali Khan Vali]. (ca. 1845-1902). Ali Khan Vali Photographs, Harvard University, Fine Arts Library. Retrieved July 28, 2021, from https://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:FHCL: 8598325
  • Library of Congress. (n.d.) Persian house in the History of Habitation exhibit, Paris Exposition, 1889. U.S. Congress. Retrieved July 28, 2021, from https://www.loc.gov/item/92521041
  • [Photographs of Antoin Sevruguin from the Qajar period]. (ca. 1851- 1933). Antoin Sevruguin Photographs, Myron Bement Smith Collection, Smithsonian Institution Archives. Retrieved July 28, 2021, from https:// www.si.edu
  • Tehran Projects. (n.d).Iranian Pavilions At İnternational Exhibitions. Retrieved July 28, 2021, from http://www. tehranprojects.com
  • Wikigallery. (n.d.). Portrait of Nasser al-Din Shah King of Persia. Retrieved July 28, 2021, from http://www. wikigallery.org
APA KAHRAMAN A, GÜL M (2022). Modernization initiatives and architectural instrumentalization after Nasser al-Din Shah’s travels to the West (1873-1896). , 429 - 443. 10.5505/itujfa.2022.88027
Chicago KAHRAMAN Aras,GÜL Murat Modernization initiatives and architectural instrumentalization after Nasser al-Din Shah’s travels to the West (1873-1896). (2022): 429 - 443. 10.5505/itujfa.2022.88027
MLA KAHRAMAN Aras,GÜL Murat Modernization initiatives and architectural instrumentalization after Nasser al-Din Shah’s travels to the West (1873-1896). , 2022, ss.429 - 443. 10.5505/itujfa.2022.88027
AMA KAHRAMAN A,GÜL M Modernization initiatives and architectural instrumentalization after Nasser al-Din Shah’s travels to the West (1873-1896). . 2022; 429 - 443. 10.5505/itujfa.2022.88027
Vancouver KAHRAMAN A,GÜL M Modernization initiatives and architectural instrumentalization after Nasser al-Din Shah’s travels to the West (1873-1896). . 2022; 429 - 443. 10.5505/itujfa.2022.88027
IEEE KAHRAMAN A,GÜL M "Modernization initiatives and architectural instrumentalization after Nasser al-Din Shah’s travels to the West (1873-1896)." , ss.429 - 443, 2022. 10.5505/itujfa.2022.88027
ISNAD KAHRAMAN, Aras - GÜL, Murat. "Modernization initiatives and architectural instrumentalization after Nasser al-Din Shah’s travels to the West (1873-1896)". (2022), 429-443. https://doi.org/10.5505/itujfa.2022.88027
APA KAHRAMAN A, GÜL M (2022). Modernization initiatives and architectural instrumentalization after Nasser al-Din Shah’s travels to the West (1873-1896). A|Z ITU Mimarlık Fakültesi Dergisi, 19(2), 429 - 443. 10.5505/itujfa.2022.88027
Chicago KAHRAMAN Aras,GÜL Murat Modernization initiatives and architectural instrumentalization after Nasser al-Din Shah’s travels to the West (1873-1896). A|Z ITU Mimarlık Fakültesi Dergisi 19, no.2 (2022): 429 - 443. 10.5505/itujfa.2022.88027
MLA KAHRAMAN Aras,GÜL Murat Modernization initiatives and architectural instrumentalization after Nasser al-Din Shah’s travels to the West (1873-1896). A|Z ITU Mimarlık Fakültesi Dergisi, vol.19, no.2, 2022, ss.429 - 443. 10.5505/itujfa.2022.88027
AMA KAHRAMAN A,GÜL M Modernization initiatives and architectural instrumentalization after Nasser al-Din Shah’s travels to the West (1873-1896). A|Z ITU Mimarlık Fakültesi Dergisi. 2022; 19(2): 429 - 443. 10.5505/itujfa.2022.88027
Vancouver KAHRAMAN A,GÜL M Modernization initiatives and architectural instrumentalization after Nasser al-Din Shah’s travels to the West (1873-1896). A|Z ITU Mimarlık Fakültesi Dergisi. 2022; 19(2): 429 - 443. 10.5505/itujfa.2022.88027
IEEE KAHRAMAN A,GÜL M "Modernization initiatives and architectural instrumentalization after Nasser al-Din Shah’s travels to the West (1873-1896)." A|Z ITU Mimarlık Fakültesi Dergisi, 19, ss.429 - 443, 2022. 10.5505/itujfa.2022.88027
ISNAD KAHRAMAN, Aras - GÜL, Murat. "Modernization initiatives and architectural instrumentalization after Nasser al-Din Shah’s travels to the West (1873-1896)". A|Z ITU Mimarlık Fakültesi Dergisi 19/2 (2022), 429-443. https://doi.org/10.5505/itujfa.2022.88027