It is seen that a feudal structure did not operate in Turkey during the Ottoman period, as in its contemporary Europe. Because the peasants in the Ottoman Empire lived as free people, not in the form of slaves or serfs. All lands were the property of the state, but it is known that the ağa system emerged, similar to the feudal structure, with the deterioration of the land system during the weakening period of the Ottoman Empire. The aghas, who emerged especially in the Eastern and Southeastern Anatolia regions, are also accepted as tribal chiefs. This system, which is one of the most important issues of land reform and modernization studies in the Republican Period, has found wide coverage in all types of mass media, which has a great role in the construction and maintenance of cultural structure. As a structure unique to Turkish culture, the aghalik and tribe order, which is in the memories, has undoubtedly been the main story of the novels. In this context, İlhan Tarus's 1957 novel Yeşilkaya prosecutor and Fakir Baykurt's 1961 novel Oncu Köy were analyzed descriptively. It has been clearly revealed that the novels dealt with reflect the political, socio-cultural issues of the period, and in this way, the negative effects and struggles of the ağa system on the villagers.