Immediate Responses to Increased Backpack Load on Vestibular Function, Balance and Gait Parameters in Young Adults
Yıl: 2022 Cilt: 10 Sayı: 3 Sayfa Aralığı: 107 - 114 Metin Dili: İngilizce DOI: 10.30720/ered.915398 İndeks Tarihi: 04-11-2022
Immediate Responses to Increased Backpack Load on Vestibular Function, Balance and Gait Parameters in Young Adults
Öz: Purpose: The effect of carrying a heavy backpack on body biomechanics have gained interest of the researchers in recent years. However, research regarding effects of backpack weight on vestibular function are limited. The aim of this study was to investigate immediate responses to increased backpack load on vestibular function, balance and gait parameters in young adults. Material and Methods: This was a prospective study including a total of 25 participants. The participants were evaluated with the stepping test for vestibular function, Y balance test for dynamic balance and an instrumented treadmill for the gait parameters with backpack 0%; 15% and 30% of body weight. Results: Regarding vestibular function, it was observed that test results were better with the increasing backpack load (p<0.05). In dynamic balance, there were significant differences in posteromedial and posterolateral directions (p<0.05). In terms of gait parameters, cycle time, cadence, gait velocity, ambulation index and bilateral step lengths were decreased as the load increased (p<0.05). Discussion: The results can be interpreted that the changes may be a part of compensatory mechanisms to protect and maintain the body biomechanics against the backpack weight. By putting extra weight, one can be challenged during vestibular training.
Anahtar Kelime: Genç Yetişkinlerde Artan Sırt Çantası Yükünün Vestibüler Fonksiyon, Denge ve Yürüme Parametreleri Üzerindeki Anlık Etkileri
Öz: Amaç: Ağır sırt çantası taşımanın vücut biyomekaniğine etkisi son yıllarda araştırmacıların ilgisini çekmektedir. Bununla birlikte, sırt çantası ağırlığının vestibüler fonksiyon üzerindeki etkileri ile ilgili araştırmalar sınırlıdır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, genç erişkinlerde artan sırt çantası yükünün vestibüler fonksiyon, denge ve yürüme parametreleri üzerindeki akut yanıtlarını araştırmaktı. Gereç ve Yöntem: Prospektif olarak dizayn edilen çalışmaya toplam 25 katılımcı dahil edilmiştir. Katılımcılar, vestibüler fonksiyon için adım testi, dinamik denge için Y denge testi ve yürüyüş parametreleri için enstrümental koşu bandı kullanılarak %0; %15 ve %30 vücut ağırlığındaki sırt çantalarıyla değerlendirildi. Sonuçlar: Vestibüler fonksiyon ile ilgili olarak, artan sırt çantası yükü ile test sonuçlarının daha iyi olduğu görüldü(p<0,05). Dinamik dengede posteromedial ve posterolateral yönlerde önemli farklılıklar vardı(p<0,05). Yürüme parametreleri açısından, yük arttıkça döngü süresi, kadans, yürüme hızı, ambulasyon indeksi ve bilateral adım uzunlukları azaldı (p<0,05). Tartışma: Sonuçlar, sırt çantası ağırlığına karşı görülen değişikliklerin vücut biyomekaniğini korumak ve sürdürmek için kompansatuar mekanizmaların bir parçası olabileceği şeklinde yorumlanabilir. Ekstra ağırlık koyarak, vestibüler eğitim sırasında kişi zorlanabilir.
Anahtar Kelime: Belge Türü: Makale Makale Türü: Araştırma Makalesi Erişim Türü: Erişime Açık
- Ahmad, H. N., & Barbosa, T. M. (2019). The effects of backpack carriage on gait kinematics and kinetics of schoolchildren. Sci Rep, 9(1), 3364. doi:10.1038/s41598-019-40076-w
- Attwells, R. L., Birrell, S. A., Hooper, R. H., & Mansfield, N. J. (2006). Influence of carrying heavy loads on soldiers' posture, movements and gait. Ergonomics, 49(14), 1527-1537. doi: 10.1080/00140130600757237
- Bahiraei, S., Jafarian, M., & Mohammad Ali Nasab, E. (2015). The effects of backpack weight on the static and dynamic balances of female students. Ann Appl Sport Sci, 3(3), 57-66. doi:10.18869/acadpub.aassjournal.3.3.57
- Birrell, S. A., Hooper, R. H., & Haslam, R. A. (2007). The effect of military load carriage on ground reaction forces. Gait Posture, 26(4), 611-614. doi:10.1016/j.gaitpost.2006.12.008
- Bonanni, M., & Newton, R. A. (1998). Test–retest reliability of the Fukuda Stepping Test. Physiother Res Int, 3(1), 58-68. doi: 10.1002/pri.122
- Chow, D., Leung, K., & Holmes, A. (2007). Changes in spinal curvature and proprioception of schoolboys carrying different weights of backpack. Ergonomics, 50(12), 2148-2156. doi: 10.1080/00140130701459832
- Chow, D., Wang, C., & Pope, M. (2014). Effects of backpack carriage on lumbopelvic control: a dynamical systems analysis. Int J Ind Ergon, 44(4), 493-498. doi: 10.1016/j.ergon.2014.04.002
- Chow, D. H., Kwok, M. L., Au-Yang, A. C., Holmes, A. D., Cheng, J. C., Yao, F. Y., et al (2005). The effect of backpack load on the gait of normal adolescent girls. Ergonomics, 48(6), 642-656. doi:10.1080/00140130500070921
- Chow, D. H., Kwok, M. L., Cheng, J. C., Lao, M. L., Holmes, A. D., Au-Yang, A., et al. (2006). The effect of backpack weight on the standing posture and balance of schoolgirls with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis and normal controls. Gait Posture, 24(2), 173-181. doi:10.1016/j.gaitpost.2005.08.007
- Chow, D. H., Hin, C. K.-F., Ou, D., & Lai, A. (2011). Carry-over effects of backpack carriage on trunk posture and repositioning ability. Int J Ind Ergon, 41(5), 530-535. doi: 10.1016/j.ergon.2011.04.001
- Dahl, K. D., Wang, H., Popp, J. K., & Dickin, D. C. (2016). Load distribution and postural changes in young adults when wearing a traditional backpack versus the BackTpack. Gait Posture, 45, 90-96. doi: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2016.01.012
- Day, B. L., & Fitzpatrick, R. C. (2005). The vestibular system. Curr Biol, 15(15), R583-586. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2005.07.053
- Fukuda, T. (1959). The stepping test: two phases of the labyrinthine reflex. Acta Otolaryngol, 50(1-2), 95-108. doi: 10.3109/00016485909129172
- Hanes, D. A., & McCollum, G. (2006). Cognitive-vestibular interactions: a review of patient difficulties and possible mechanisms. J Vestib Res, 16(3), 75-91. doi: 10.3233/ves-2006-16301.
- Harman, E., Hoon, K., Frykman, P., & Pandorf, C. (2000). The effects of backpack weight on the biomechanics of load carriage. Army Res Inst Of Env Med.
- Heller, M. F., Challis, J. H., & Sharkey, N. A. (2009). Changes in postural sway as a consequence of wearing a military backpack. Gait Posture, 30(1), 115-117. doi:10.1016/j.gaitpost.2009.02.015
- Hong, Y., & Cheung, C. K. (2003). Gait and posture responses to backpack load during level walking in children. Gait Posture, 17(1), 28-33. doi:10.1016/s0966-6362(02)00050-4
- Kinoshita, H. (1985). Effects of different loads and carrying systems on selected biomechanical parameters describing walking gait. Ergonomics, 28(9), 1347-1362. doi: 10.1080/00140138508963251
- LaFiandra, M., Holt, K., Wagenaar, R., & Obusek, J. (2002). Transverse plane kinetics during treadmill walking with and without a load. Clin Biomech, 17(2), 116-122. doi: 10.1016/S0268-0033(01)00113-9.
- LaFiandra, M., Wagenaar, R. C., Holt, K., & Obusek, J. (2003). How do load carriage and walking speed influence trunk coordination and stride parameters? J Biomech, 36(1), 87-95. doi: 10.1016/S0021-9290(02)00243-9
- Legg, S., Ramsey, T., & Knowles, D. (1992). The metabolic cost of backpack and shoulder load carriage. Ergonomics, 35(9), 1063-1068. doi: 10.1080/00140139208967382.
- Lehnen, G. C., Magnani, R. M., Sá e Souza, G. S. D., Rodrigues, F. B., Andrade, A. D. O., & Vieira, M. F. (2017). Effects of backpack loads and positions on the variability of gait spatiotemporal parameters in young adults. Res Biomed Eng, 33(4), 277-284. doi: 10.1590/2446-4740.03517.
- Li, S. S. W., Chan, O. H. T., Ng, T. Y., Kam, L. H., Ng, C. Y., Chung, W. C., et al (2019). Effects of backpack and double pack loads on postural stability. Ergonomics, 62(4), 537-547. doi:10.1080/00140139.2018.1552764
- Liew, B., Morris, S., & Netto, K. (2016). The effect of backpack carriage on the biomechanics of walking: a systematic review and preliminary meta-analysis. J Appl Biomech, 32(6), 614-629. doi: 10.1123/jab.2015-0339
- Liu, J., & Lockhart, T. E. (2013). Local dynamic stability associated with load carrying. Saf Health Work, 4(1), 46-51. doi: 10.5491/SHAW.2013.4.1.46
- Lloyd, R., & Cooke, C. (2000). The oxygen consumption with unloaded walking and load carriage using two different backpack designs. Eur J Appl Physiol, 81(6), 486-492. doi: 10.1007/s004210050072
- May, B., Tomporowski, P. D., & Ferrara, M. (2009). Effects of backpack load on balance and decisional processes. Mil Med, 174(12), 1308-1312. doi:10.7205/milmed-d-00-0809
- Obusek, J., Harman, E., Frykman, P., Palmer, C., & Bills, R. (1997). The relationship of backpack center of mass location to the metabolic cost of load carriage. Med Sci Sports Exerc, 29(5), 205. doi: 10.1097/00005768-199705001-01168
- Onishi, H., Sugawara, K., Yamashiro, K., Sato, D., Suzuki, M., Kirimoto, H., et al (2013). Neuromagnetic activation following active and passive finger movements. Brain Behav, 3(2), 178-192. doi: 10.1002/brb3.126.
- Park, J., & Yoo, I. (2014). Relationships of stroke patients’ gait parameters with fear of falling. J Phys Ther Sci, 26(12), 1883-1884. doi: 10.1589/jpts.26.1883
- Qu, X. (2013). Effects of cognitive and physical loads on local dynamic stability during gait. Appl Ergon, 44(3), 455-458. doi: 10.1016/j.apergo.2012.10.018.
- Rodrigues, F. B., Magnani, R. M., Lehnen, G. C., Souza, G., Andrade, A. O., & Vieira, M. F. (2018). Effects of backpack load and positioning on nonlinear gait features in young adults. Ergonomics, 61(5), 720-728. doi:10.1080/00140139.2017.1413213
- Sahli, S., Rebai, H., Ghroubi, S., Yahia, A., Guermazi, M., & Elleuch, M. H. (2013). The effects of backpack load and carrying method on the balance of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis subjects. Spine J, 13(12), 1835-1842. doi:10.1016/j.spinee.2013.06.023
- Shaffer, S. W., Teyhen, D. S., Lorenson, C. L., Warren, R. L., Koreerat, C. M., Straseske, C. A., et al. (2013). Y-Balance Test: a reliability study involving multiple raters. Mil Med, 178(11), 1264-1270. doi: 10.7205/MILMED-D-13-00222.
- Simpson, K. M., Munro, B. J., & Steele, J. R. (2011). Backpack load affects lower limb muscle activity patterns of female hikers during prolonged load carriage. J Electromyogr Kinesiol, 21(5), 782-788. doi:10.1016/j.jelekin.2011.05.012
- Tascioglu, A. (2005). Brief review of vestibular system anatomy and its higher order projections. Neuroanatomy, 4, 24-27.
- Tong, R. K., Ng, M. F., & Li, L. S. (2006). Effectiveness of gait training using an electromechanical gait trainer, with and without functional electric stimulation, in subacute stroke: a randomized controlled trial. Arch Phys Med Rehabil, 87(10), 1298-1304. doi: 10.1016/j.apmr.2006.06.016.
- Wang, Y., Pascoe, D. D., & Weimar, W. (2001). Evaluation of book backpack load during walking. Ergonomics, 44(9), 858-869. doi:10.1080/00140130118572
| APA | CANLI K, Bazancir Z, KIRDI E, Sener F (2022). Immediate Responses to Increased Backpack Load on Vestibular Function, Balance and Gait Parameters in Young Adults. , 107 - 114. 10.30720/ered.915398 |
| Chicago | CANLI Kübra,Bazancir Zilan,KIRDI ELIF,Sener Fatma Gul Immediate Responses to Increased Backpack Load on Vestibular Function, Balance and Gait Parameters in Young Adults. (2022): 107 - 114. 10.30720/ered.915398 |
| MLA | CANLI Kübra,Bazancir Zilan,KIRDI ELIF,Sener Fatma Gul Immediate Responses to Increased Backpack Load on Vestibular Function, Balance and Gait Parameters in Young Adults. , 2022, ss.107 - 114. 10.30720/ered.915398 |
| AMA | CANLI K,Bazancir Z,KIRDI E,Sener F Immediate Responses to Increased Backpack Load on Vestibular Function, Balance and Gait Parameters in Young Adults. . 2022; 107 - 114. 10.30720/ered.915398 |
| Vancouver | CANLI K,Bazancir Z,KIRDI E,Sener F Immediate Responses to Increased Backpack Load on Vestibular Function, Balance and Gait Parameters in Young Adults. . 2022; 107 - 114. 10.30720/ered.915398 |
| IEEE | CANLI K,Bazancir Z,KIRDI E,Sener F "Immediate Responses to Increased Backpack Load on Vestibular Function, Balance and Gait Parameters in Young Adults." , ss.107 - 114, 2022. 10.30720/ered.915398 |
| ISNAD | CANLI, Kübra vd. "Immediate Responses to Increased Backpack Load on Vestibular Function, Balance and Gait Parameters in Young Adults". (2022), 107-114. https://doi.org/10.30720/ered.915398 |
| APA | CANLI K, Bazancir Z, KIRDI E, Sener F (2022). Immediate Responses to Increased Backpack Load on Vestibular Function, Balance and Gait Parameters in Young Adults. Ergoterapi ve Rehabilitasyon Dergisi, 10(3), 107 - 114. 10.30720/ered.915398 |
| Chicago | CANLI Kübra,Bazancir Zilan,KIRDI ELIF,Sener Fatma Gul Immediate Responses to Increased Backpack Load on Vestibular Function, Balance and Gait Parameters in Young Adults. Ergoterapi ve Rehabilitasyon Dergisi 10, no.3 (2022): 107 - 114. 10.30720/ered.915398 |
| MLA | CANLI Kübra,Bazancir Zilan,KIRDI ELIF,Sener Fatma Gul Immediate Responses to Increased Backpack Load on Vestibular Function, Balance and Gait Parameters in Young Adults. Ergoterapi ve Rehabilitasyon Dergisi, vol.10, no.3, 2022, ss.107 - 114. 10.30720/ered.915398 |
| AMA | CANLI K,Bazancir Z,KIRDI E,Sener F Immediate Responses to Increased Backpack Load on Vestibular Function, Balance and Gait Parameters in Young Adults. Ergoterapi ve Rehabilitasyon Dergisi. 2022; 10(3): 107 - 114. 10.30720/ered.915398 |
| Vancouver | CANLI K,Bazancir Z,KIRDI E,Sener F Immediate Responses to Increased Backpack Load on Vestibular Function, Balance and Gait Parameters in Young Adults. Ergoterapi ve Rehabilitasyon Dergisi. 2022; 10(3): 107 - 114. 10.30720/ered.915398 |
| IEEE | CANLI K,Bazancir Z,KIRDI E,Sener F "Immediate Responses to Increased Backpack Load on Vestibular Function, Balance and Gait Parameters in Young Adults." Ergoterapi ve Rehabilitasyon Dergisi, 10, ss.107 - 114, 2022. 10.30720/ered.915398 |
| ISNAD | CANLI, Kübra vd. "Immediate Responses to Increased Backpack Load on Vestibular Function, Balance and Gait Parameters in Young Adults". Ergoterapi ve Rehabilitasyon Dergisi 10/3 (2022), 107-114. https://doi.org/10.30720/ered.915398 |
