Morbid obesity leads to increased skin autofluorescence independent of metabolic syndrome components
Yıl: 2022 Cilt: 52 Sayı: 4 Sayfa Aralığı: 1085 - 1092 Metin Dili: İngilizce DOI: 10.55730/1300-0144.5411 İndeks Tarihi: 14-12-2022
Morbid obesity leads to increased skin autofluorescence independent of metabolic syndrome components
Öz: Background/aim: Obesity, diabetes mellitus, and metabolic syndrome (MetS) are associated with increased accumulated skin advanced glycation end products. We aimed to evaluate the association of MetS components with skin autofluorescence (SAF) in patients with morbid obesity. Material and methods: Eight hundred and one patients with morbid obesity and 94 age-matched controls with normal body mass index (BMI) and normal glucose metabolism were included. Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) were measured using SAF in the forearm, with an AGE reader. Results: The prevalence of MetS in patients with morbid obesity was 65.5% (n = 525). Type 2 diabetes mellitus (type 2 DM) and hypertension were present in 40.9% (n = 328) and 43.7% (n = 357). Patients with morbid obesity and those with MetS had higher SAF measurements compared with the control group, 1.85 ± 0.44 arbitrary unit (AU) and 1.86 ± 0.43 AU vs. 1.72 ± 0.30 AU, respectively (p = 0.016). There was no difference in SAF levels between patients with and without MetS. SAF measurements of patients without MetS were not statistically different from the control group (p = 0.076). Patients with five MetS criteria had higher SAF measurements compared with patients with fewer MetS components (p = 0.019). There was no difference in SAF levels between patients with type 2 DM, impaired glucose metabolism, and patients with normal glucose metabolism (p = 0.513). Conclusion: Although MetS and type 2 DM are known as factors related to increased SAF levels, obesity can cause elevated SAF measurements in different ways independent of concomitant comorbid diseases. Larger studies with longer follow-ups are needed to enlighten the underlying mechanism.
Anahtar Kelime: Belge Türü: Makale Makale Türü: Araştırma Makalesi Erişim Türü: Erişime Açık
- 1. Wharton S, Lau DCW, Vallis M, Sharma AM, Biertho L, Campbell-Scherer D et al. Obesity in adults: a clinical practice guideline. Canadian Medical Association Journal 2020; 192 (31): E875-E91. doi: 10.1503/cmaj.191707
- 2. American Heart A, National Heart L, Blood I, Grundy SM, Cleeman JI et al. Diagnosis and management of the metabolic syndrome. An American Heart Association/National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Scientific Statement Executive summary. Cardiology in Review 2005; 13 (6): 322-327. doi: 10.1161/circulationaha.105.169404
- 3. den Engelsen C, van den Donk M, Gorter KJ, Salome PL, Rutten GE. Advanced glycation end products measured by skin autofluorescence in a population with central obesity. Dermatoendocrinology 2012; 4 (1): 33-38. doi: 10.4161/ derm.17999
- 4. Singhal A. Endothelial dysfunction: role in obesity-related disorders and the early origins of CVD. Proceedings of the Nutrition Society 2005; 64 (1): 15-22. doi: 10.1079/PNS2004404
- 5. Dina R, Vladu I, Dina C, Mitrea A. Advanced Glycation End Products Measured by Age Reader in a Group of Patients with Obesity. Romanian Journal of Diabetes Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases 2012; 19 (1): 59-66.
- 6. Garcia G, Bunout D, Mella J, Quiroga E, de la Maza MP et al. Bariatric surgery decreases carotid intima-media thickness in obese subjects. Nutr Hosp 2013; 28 (4): 1102-1108. doi: 10.3305/nh.2013.28.4.6474
- 7. Meerwaldt R, Graaff R, Oomen PHN, Links TP, Jager JJ et al. Simple non-invasive assessment of advanced glycation endproduct accumulation. Diabetologia 2004; 47 (7): 1324- 1330. doi: 10.1007/s00125-004-1451-2
- 8. Meerwaldt R, Hartog JW, Graaff R, Huisman RJ, Links TP et al. Skin autofluorescence, a measure of cumulative metabolic stress and advanced glycation end products, predicts mortality in hemodialysis patients. Journal of the American Society of Nephrology 2005; 16 (12): 3687-3693. doi: 10.1681/ asn.2005020144
- 9. Lutgers HL, Graaff R, Links TP, Ubink-Veltmaat LJ, Bilo HJ et al. Skin autofluorescence as a noninvasive marker of vascular damage in patients with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care 2006; 29 (12): 2654-2659. doi: 10.2337/dc05-2173
- 10. Da Moura Semedo C, Webb M, Waller H, Khunti K, Davies M. Skin autofluorescence, a non-invasive marker of advanced glycation end products: clinical relevance and limitations. Postgraduate Medical Journal 2017; 93 (1099): 289-294. doi: 10.1136/postgradmedj-2016-134579
- 11. Gerrits EG, Lutgers HL, Kleefstra N, Graaff R, Groenier KH et al. Skin autofluorescence: a tool to identify type 2 diabetic patients at risk for developing microvascular complications. Diabetes Care 2008; 31 (3): 517-521. doi: 10.2337/dc07-1755
- 12. Meerwaldt R, Lutgers HL, Links TP, Graaff R, Baynes JW et al. Skin autofluorescence is a strong predictor of cardiac mortality in diabetes. Diabetes Care 2007; 30 (1): 107-112. doi: 10.2337/ dc06-1391
- 13. Uribarri J, Cai W, Woodward M, Tripp E, Goldberg L et al. Elevated serum advanced glycation endproducts in obese indicate risk for the metabolic syndrome: a link between healthy and unhealthy obesity? The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 2015; 100 (5): 1957-1966. doi: 10.1210/jc.2014-3925
- 14. Silva T, Linhares R, Remor AP, Ghisoni K, Martins R et al. Blood advanced glycation end products and biomarkers of inflammation in class III obese Brazilian subjects. Integrative Obesity and Diabetes 2017; 3 (2): 1-4. doi: 10.15761/ iod.1000174
- 15. Amin MN, Mosa AA, El-Shishtawy MM. Clinical study of advanced glycation end products in egyptian diabetic obese and non-obese patients. International Journal of Biomedical Science 2011; 7 (3): 191-200.
- 16. Sanchez E, Baena-Fustegueras JA, de la Fuente MC, Gutierrez L, Bueno M et al. Advanced glycation end-products in morbid obesity and after bariatric surgery: When glycemic memory starts to fail. Endocrinología, Diabetes y Nutrición 2017; 64 (1): 4-10. doi: 10.1016/j.endinu.2016.09.009
- 17. Brix JM, Hollerl F, Kopp HP, Schernthaner GH, Schernthaner G. The soluble form of the receptor of advanced glycation endproducts increases after bariatric surgery in morbid obesity. International Journal of Obesity (London) 2012; 36 (11): 1412- 1417. doi: 10.1038/ijo.2012.107
- 18. Tavares JF, Ribeiro PVM, Coelho OGL, Silva LED, Alfenas RCG. Can advanced glycation end-products and their receptors be affected by weight loss? A systematic review. Obesity Reviews 2020; 21 (6): e13000. doi: 10.1111/obr.13000
- 19. van Waateringe RP, Slagter SN, van Beek AP, van der Klauw MM, van Vliet-Ostaptchouk JV et al. Skin autofluorescence, a non-invasive biomarker for advanced glycation end products, is associated with the metabolic syndrome and its individual components. Diabetology & Metabolic Syndrome 2017; 9: 42. doi: 10.1186/s13098-017-0241-1
- 20. He CT, Lee CH, Hsieh CH, Hsiao FC, Kuo P et al. Soluble form of receptor for advanced glycation end products is associated with obesity and metabolic syndrome in adolescents. International Journal of Endocrinology 2014; 2014: 657607. doi: 10.1155/2014/657607
- 21. Koetsier M, Lutgers HL, de Jonge C, Links TP, Smit AJ et al. Reference values of skin autofluorescence. Diabetes Technology & Therapeutics 2010; 12 (5): 399-403. doi: 10.1089/ dia.2009.0113
- 22. Grundy SM, Cleeman JI, Daniels SR, Donato KA, Eckel RH et al. Diagnosis and management of the metabolic syndrome: an American Heart Association/National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Scientific Statement. Circulation 2005; 112 (17): 2735- 2752. doi: 10.1161/circulationaha.105.169404
- 23. American Diabetes A. 2. Classification and Diagnosis of Diabetes. Diabetes Care 2017; 40 (Suppl 1): S11-S24. doi: 10.2337/dc17-S005
- 24. Stefan N, Haring HU, Hu FB, Schulze MB. Metabolically healthy obesity: epidemiology, mechanisms, and clinical implications. The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology 2013; 1 (2): 152-162. doi: 10.1016/S2213-8587(13)70062-7
- 25. Roberson LL, Aneni EC, Maziak W, Agatston A, Feldman T et al. Beyond BMI: The “Metabolically healthy obese” phenotype & its association with clinical/subclinical cardiovascular disease and all-cause mortality -- a systematic review. BMC Public Health 2014; 14:14. doi: 10.1186/1471-2458-14-14
- 26. Tanaka K, Tani Y, Asai J, Nemoto F, Kusano Y et al. Skin autofluorescence is associated with severity of vascular complications in Japanese patients with Type 2 diabetes. Diabetic Medicine: A Journal of The British Diabetic Association 2012; 29 (4): 492-500. doi: 10.1111/j.1464- 5491.2011.03448.x
- 27. Arkin JM, Alsdorf R, Bigornia S, Palmisano J, Beal R et al. Relation of cumulative weight burden to vascular endothelial dysfunction in obesity. The American Journal of Cardiology 2008; 101 (1): 98-101. doi: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2007.07.055
- 28. Lupoli R, Di Minno MN, Guidone C, Cefalo C, Capaldo B et al. Effects of bariatric surgery on markers of subclinical atherosclerosis and endothelial function: a meta-analysis of literature studies. International Journal of Obesity (London) 2016; 40 (3): 395-402. doi: 10.1038/ijo.2015.187
- 29. Sprung VS, Bowden Davies KA, Norman JA, Thompson A, Mitchell KL et al. Metabolic syndrome is associated with reduced flow mediated dilation independent of obesity status. European Journal of Endocrinology 2020; 183 (2): 211-220. doi: 10.1530/EJE-20-0098
| APA | APAYDIN T, Gogas Yavuz D (2022). Morbid obesity leads to increased skin autofluorescence independent of metabolic syndrome components. , 1085 - 1092. 10.55730/1300-0144.5411 |
| Chicago | APAYDIN Tuğçe,Gogas Yavuz Dilek Morbid obesity leads to increased skin autofluorescence independent of metabolic syndrome components. (2022): 1085 - 1092. 10.55730/1300-0144.5411 |
| MLA | APAYDIN Tuğçe,Gogas Yavuz Dilek Morbid obesity leads to increased skin autofluorescence independent of metabolic syndrome components. , 2022, ss.1085 - 1092. 10.55730/1300-0144.5411 |
| AMA | APAYDIN T,Gogas Yavuz D Morbid obesity leads to increased skin autofluorescence independent of metabolic syndrome components. . 2022; 1085 - 1092. 10.55730/1300-0144.5411 |
| Vancouver | APAYDIN T,Gogas Yavuz D Morbid obesity leads to increased skin autofluorescence independent of metabolic syndrome components. . 2022; 1085 - 1092. 10.55730/1300-0144.5411 |
| IEEE | APAYDIN T,Gogas Yavuz D "Morbid obesity leads to increased skin autofluorescence independent of metabolic syndrome components." , ss.1085 - 1092, 2022. 10.55730/1300-0144.5411 |
| ISNAD | APAYDIN, Tuğçe - Gogas Yavuz, Dilek. "Morbid obesity leads to increased skin autofluorescence independent of metabolic syndrome components". (2022), 1085-1092. https://doi.org/10.55730/1300-0144.5411 |
| APA | APAYDIN T, Gogas Yavuz D (2022). Morbid obesity leads to increased skin autofluorescence independent of metabolic syndrome components. Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences, 52(4), 1085 - 1092. 10.55730/1300-0144.5411 |
| Chicago | APAYDIN Tuğçe,Gogas Yavuz Dilek Morbid obesity leads to increased skin autofluorescence independent of metabolic syndrome components. Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences 52, no.4 (2022): 1085 - 1092. 10.55730/1300-0144.5411 |
| MLA | APAYDIN Tuğçe,Gogas Yavuz Dilek Morbid obesity leads to increased skin autofluorescence independent of metabolic syndrome components. Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences, vol.52, no.4, 2022, ss.1085 - 1092. 10.55730/1300-0144.5411 |
| AMA | APAYDIN T,Gogas Yavuz D Morbid obesity leads to increased skin autofluorescence independent of metabolic syndrome components. Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences. 2022; 52(4): 1085 - 1092. 10.55730/1300-0144.5411 |
| Vancouver | APAYDIN T,Gogas Yavuz D Morbid obesity leads to increased skin autofluorescence independent of metabolic syndrome components. Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences. 2022; 52(4): 1085 - 1092. 10.55730/1300-0144.5411 |
| IEEE | APAYDIN T,Gogas Yavuz D "Morbid obesity leads to increased skin autofluorescence independent of metabolic syndrome components." Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences, 52, ss.1085 - 1092, 2022. 10.55730/1300-0144.5411 |
| ISNAD | APAYDIN, Tuğçe - Gogas Yavuz, Dilek. "Morbid obesity leads to increased skin autofluorescence independent of metabolic syndrome components". Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences 52/4 (2022), 1085-1092. https://doi.org/10.55730/1300-0144.5411 |
