Yıl: 2021 Cilt: 11 Sayı: 1 Sayfa Aralığı: 63 - 72 Metin Dili: İngilizce DOI: 10.20488/sanattasarim.971660 İndeks Tarihi: 23-12-2022

MODERNITY VS. POSTMODERNITY: ASSESSING THE DESIGN QUALITY OF URBAN PARKS BY AHP

Öz:
The perceptual design quality of physical spaces has been increasingly studied in the literature in recent years. However, the studies in the field of landscape architecture are insufficient about how the design quality of urban parks built in different periods is perceived today. This study aims to compare urban parks that reflect modern and postmodern designs in terms of design quality criteria. In this context, 4 subjective design quality criteria (imageability, legibility, vitality, diversity) were evaluated for Prospect Park and Parc des Buttes-Chaumont modern period parks, and Millennium Park and Parc de la Villette postmodern period parks. Expert opinion was consulted in design criteria and selection of city parks. Analytic Hierarchy Process was used to compare modern and postmodern period parks and Expert Choice software was used. In this study, 4 urban parks were defined as alternatives and 4 design qualities were defined as criteria. The results revealed that the designs of the city parks reflect the postmodern design line that perceived with higher quality. Besides, the most prominent criterion among the design criteria was found as Imageability. This study makes a perceptual contribution to the comparison of the design quality of urban parks of different periods.
Anahtar Kelime: Perceptual Design Quality Modern Parks Postmodern Parks AHP

MODERNİTEYE KARŞIT POSTMODERNİTE: KENT PARKLARININ TASARIM KALİTESİNİN AHS İLE DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ

Öz:
Fiziksel mekanların algısal tasarım kalitesi son yıllarda literatürde giderek daha fazla çalışılmaktadır. Ancak, farklı dönemlerde inşa edilen kent parklarının tasarım kalitesinin bugün nasıl algılandığı konusunda peyzaj mimarlığı alanındaki çalışmalar yetersiz kalmaktadır. Bu çalışma, modern ve postmodern tasarımları yansıtan kentsel parkları tasarım kalite kriterleri açısından karşılaştırmayı amaçlamaktadır. Bu bağlamda, Prospect Park ve Parc des Buttes-Chaumont modern dönem parkları ile Millennium Park ve Parc de la Villette postmodern dönem parkları için 4 sübjektif tasarım kalite kriteri (imgelenebilirlik, okunabilirlik, canlılık, çeşitlilik) değerlendirilmiştir. Tasarım kriterlerinin ve kent parklarının seçiminde uzman görüşüne başvurulmuştur. Modern ve postmodern dönem parklarını karşılaştırmak için Analitik Hiyerarşi Süreci’ne başvurulmuş ve Expert Choice yazılımı kullanılmıştır. Bu çalışmada 4 kent parkı alternatif, 4 tasarım kalitesi ise kriter olarak tanımlanmıştır. Elde edilen bulgular, postmodern tasarım çizgisini yansıtan kent parklarının daha yüksek kaliteli algılandığını ortaya koymuştur. Ayrıca, tasarım kriterleri arasında en fazla öne çıkan kriter “imgelenebilirlik” olarak bulunmuştur. Bu çalışma, farklı dönemlerdeki kent parklarının tasarım kalitesinin karşılaştırılmasına algısal açıdan katkı sağlamaktadır.
Anahtar Kelime:

Belge Türü: Makale Makale Türü: Araştırma Makalesi Erişim Türü: Erişime Açık
  • • Aydin, D., & Ter, U. (2008). Outdoor space quality: Case study of a university campus plaza. International Journal of Architectural Research: ArchNet-IJAR, 2(3), 189-203.
  • • Barrett, J. L., Hannon, C., Keefe, L., Gortmaker, S. L., & Cradock, A. L. (2011). Peer Reviewed: Playground Renovations and Quality at Public Parks in Boston, Massachusetts, 1996-2007. Preventing chronic disease, 8(4).
  • • Bluestone, D. M. (1987). From Promenade to Park: The Gregarious Origins of Brooklyn’s Park Movement. American Quarterly, 39(4), 529. doi:10.2307/2713123
  • • Byun, D. H. (2001). The AHP approach for selecting an automobile purchase model. Information & Management, 38(5), 289-297.
  • • Cann, B. (1987). The park of la villette: urban park as building. Places, 4(3).
  • • Chen, F., (2013). Grant Park Vs. Millennıum Park: Evolution Of Urban Park Development. Master Thesis. Department of Landscape Architecture in the Graduate College of the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, USA.
  • • Çabuk, S. N., Çabuk, A., Ersoy, M., Şenöz, E. (2013). Dönüşen peyzaj ve doğa ile tasarım bağlamında peyzaj şehirciliği ve geotasarım kuramları. İçinde Peyzaj Mimarlığı 5. Kongresi Bildiri Kitabı 14-17 Kasım 2013, Adana (ss. 474-487).
  • • Ewing, R., Handy, S., Brownson, R. C., Clemente, O., & Winston, E. (2006). Identifying and measuring urban design qualities related to walkability. Journal of Physical Activity and Health, 3(s1), S223-S240.
  • • Fainstein, S. S. (2005). Cities and diversity: should we want it? Can we plan for it?. Urban affairs review, 41(1), 3-19.
  • • Flanagan, R. (2008). The Millennium Park Effect. The Practice of Public Art. (pp. 133-151)
  • • Furnari, S. (2011). Exaptation and Innovation in Architecture: The Case of Chicago’s Millennium Park. In: Grandori, A. and Gaillard Giordani, L. (Eds.), Organizing Entrepreneurship. (pp. 37-38). London, UK: Routledge.
  • • İnceoğlu, M., & Aytuğ, A. (2009). Kentsel Mekânda Kalite Kavramı. Megaron, 4(3).
  • • Komara, A.E. 2009. Measure and Map: Alphand’s Contours of Construction at the Parc des Buttes Chaumont, Paris 1867. Landscape Journal 28(1):22-39
  • • Koseoglu, E., & Onder, D. E. (2011). Subjective and objective dimensions of spatial legibility. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 30, 1191-1195.
  • • Kutay Karaçor,E., Güler,İ., Akçam, E. (2019). Evaluation Of Neighborhood Design Quality By Analytic Hierarchy Process. New Horizons in Architecture, Planning and Design. Editor: Latif Gurkan Kaya. ISBN: 978-605-8022-90-4. Gece Publishing.
  • • Lancaster, C. (1972). Prospect Park Handbook. New York, NY: Long Island University Press
  • • Lynch, K. (1960). The image of the city (Vol. 11). MIT press.
  • • Meyer, E. K. (1991). The Public Park as Avante-Garde (Landscape) Architecture: A Comparative Interpretation of Two Parisian Parks, Parc de la Villette (1983-1990) and Parc des Buttes-Chaumont (1864-1867). Landscape Journal, 10(1), 16–26. doi:10.3368/lj.10.1.16
  • • Metin, S., (2006).Public Space in the Millennium: Case Study of Millennium Park, Chicago, IL. Master Thesis, Master of Community Planning in the School of Planning of the College of Design, Art, Architecture, and Planning, USA.
  • • Montgomery, J. (1998). Making a city: Urbanity, vitality and urban design. Journal of urban design, 3(1), 93-116.
  • • Muratet, A., Pellegrini, P., Dufour, A.-B., Arrif, T., & Chiron, F. (2015). Perception and knowledge of plant diversity among urban park users. Landscape and Urban Planning, 137, 95–106.
  • • Nurturing Open Space 2018, Viewed 03 November 2019, .
  • • Özyavuz, M, Korkut, A . (2016). Reflections Of Cultural Diversity In Turkey Urban Parks And Green Areas: Istanbul, Tekirdag, Kırklareli Examples. İnönü Üniversitesi Sanat ve Tasarım Dergisi, 6 (13) , 0-0 .
  • • Patton, G. E., & Menke, W. F. (1982). Design with nature and culture: The Long Meadow, Prospect Park, Brooklyn, New York as exemplar of an urban park compatible with its past. The Journal of Garden History, 2(4), 361–376. doi:10.1080/01445170. 1982.10412417
  • • Prospect Park Alliance. (2013). About Prospect Park. www.prospectpark.org/ about
  • • Saaty, T. L. (1980). The Analytic Hierarchy Process. Mc-Graw-Hill New York. Agricultural Economics Review, 70
  • • Strohmayer, U. (2006). Urban design and civic spaces: nature at the Parc des Buttes-Chaumont in Paris. Cultural Geographies, 13(4), 557–576. doi:10.1191/1474474006cgj375oa
  • • Sugiyama, T., Gunn, L. D., Christian, H., Francis, J., Foster, S., Hooper, P., ... & Giles-Corti, B. (2015). Quality of public open spaces and recreational walking. American journal of public health, 105(12), 2490-2495.
  • • Taylor, B. T., Fernando, P., Bauman, A. E., Williamson, A., Craig, J. C., & Redman, S. (2011). Measuring the quality of public open space using Google Earth. American journal of preventive medicine, 40(2), 105-112.
  • • Toth, E. (1995). The Public Garden: Managing Urban Woodlands. The Journal of the American Association of Botanical Gardens and Arboreta 10:14–17
APA Kutay Karacor E, Uzun Yuksel K, Şenik B (2021). MODERNITY VS. POSTMODERNITY: ASSESSING THE DESIGN QUALITY OF URBAN PARKS BY AHP. , 63 - 72. 10.20488/sanattasarim.971660
Chicago Kutay Karacor Elif,Uzun Yuksel Kıymet,Şenik Berfin MODERNITY VS. POSTMODERNITY: ASSESSING THE DESIGN QUALITY OF URBAN PARKS BY AHP. (2021): 63 - 72. 10.20488/sanattasarim.971660
MLA Kutay Karacor Elif,Uzun Yuksel Kıymet,Şenik Berfin MODERNITY VS. POSTMODERNITY: ASSESSING THE DESIGN QUALITY OF URBAN PARKS BY AHP. , 2021, ss.63 - 72. 10.20488/sanattasarim.971660
AMA Kutay Karacor E,Uzun Yuksel K,Şenik B MODERNITY VS. POSTMODERNITY: ASSESSING THE DESIGN QUALITY OF URBAN PARKS BY AHP. . 2021; 63 - 72. 10.20488/sanattasarim.971660
Vancouver Kutay Karacor E,Uzun Yuksel K,Şenik B MODERNITY VS. POSTMODERNITY: ASSESSING THE DESIGN QUALITY OF URBAN PARKS BY AHP. . 2021; 63 - 72. 10.20488/sanattasarim.971660
IEEE Kutay Karacor E,Uzun Yuksel K,Şenik B "MODERNITY VS. POSTMODERNITY: ASSESSING THE DESIGN QUALITY OF URBAN PARKS BY AHP." , ss.63 - 72, 2021. 10.20488/sanattasarim.971660
ISNAD Kutay Karacor, Elif vd. "MODERNITY VS. POSTMODERNITY: ASSESSING THE DESIGN QUALITY OF URBAN PARKS BY AHP". (2021), 63-72. https://doi.org/10.20488/sanattasarim.971660
APA Kutay Karacor E, Uzun Yuksel K, Şenik B (2021). MODERNITY VS. POSTMODERNITY: ASSESSING THE DESIGN QUALITY OF URBAN PARKS BY AHP. Sanat & Tasarım Dergisi, 11(1), 63 - 72. 10.20488/sanattasarim.971660
Chicago Kutay Karacor Elif,Uzun Yuksel Kıymet,Şenik Berfin MODERNITY VS. POSTMODERNITY: ASSESSING THE DESIGN QUALITY OF URBAN PARKS BY AHP. Sanat & Tasarım Dergisi 11, no.1 (2021): 63 - 72. 10.20488/sanattasarim.971660
MLA Kutay Karacor Elif,Uzun Yuksel Kıymet,Şenik Berfin MODERNITY VS. POSTMODERNITY: ASSESSING THE DESIGN QUALITY OF URBAN PARKS BY AHP. Sanat & Tasarım Dergisi, vol.11, no.1, 2021, ss.63 - 72. 10.20488/sanattasarim.971660
AMA Kutay Karacor E,Uzun Yuksel K,Şenik B MODERNITY VS. POSTMODERNITY: ASSESSING THE DESIGN QUALITY OF URBAN PARKS BY AHP. Sanat & Tasarım Dergisi. 2021; 11(1): 63 - 72. 10.20488/sanattasarim.971660
Vancouver Kutay Karacor E,Uzun Yuksel K,Şenik B MODERNITY VS. POSTMODERNITY: ASSESSING THE DESIGN QUALITY OF URBAN PARKS BY AHP. Sanat & Tasarım Dergisi. 2021; 11(1): 63 - 72. 10.20488/sanattasarim.971660
IEEE Kutay Karacor E,Uzun Yuksel K,Şenik B "MODERNITY VS. POSTMODERNITY: ASSESSING THE DESIGN QUALITY OF URBAN PARKS BY AHP." Sanat & Tasarım Dergisi, 11, ss.63 - 72, 2021. 10.20488/sanattasarim.971660
ISNAD Kutay Karacor, Elif vd. "MODERNITY VS. POSTMODERNITY: ASSESSING THE DESIGN QUALITY OF URBAN PARKS BY AHP". Sanat & Tasarım Dergisi 11/1 (2021), 63-72. https://doi.org/10.20488/sanattasarim.971660