The clinical and demographical characteristics of Turkish pediatric lymphedema patients: a multicenter study

Yıl: 2022 Cilt: 52 Sayı: 4 Sayfa Aralığı: 1139 - 1147 Metin Dili: İngilizce DOI: 10.55730/1300-0144.5417 İndeks Tarihi: 26-12-2022

The clinical and demographical characteristics of Turkish pediatric lymphedema patients: a multicenter study

Öz:
Background/aim: Reducing lymphedema-associated burden and disability in the pediatric setting requires improved awareness and understanding clinical properties of the lymphedema. The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical and demographic characteristics of patients with pediatric lymphedema presented to different lymphedema centers in Turkey. Materials and methods: The socio-demographic and clinical characteristics of the children including age, gender, presence of genetic syndromes, duration of edema, site and stage of lymphedema and the received therapies were determined. Parental and children education on self-management techniques were recorded. Results: A total of 122 children (female: 66, male: 56) with a mean age of 120.7 ± 71.2 months were included from 7 centers. Of them; 92% had primary, 8% had secondary lymphedema mostly due to infection and trauma. Lymphedema was part of a syndrome in 18% of the children. The most common site of involvement was the lower extremity, followed by upper extremity and genital involvement. Lymphedema was complicated in 17 % of children, mainly with a clinical picture of cellulitis, infection, and pain. The median duration of lymphedema was 41 (5–216) months. Although most of the children had stage 2 lymphedema, only 40% of them received treatment. The most commonly received treatment was compression therapy. No family or child was educated for self- care management before. Conclusion: In conclusion, pediatric lymphedema has a comparable gender distribution and usually involves the lower extremities. Although most of the children had advanced disease, more than half of the patients did not receive any treatment indicating the unmet need for management of lymphedema. The education of patients and/or children about self-management methods were lacking. We suggest educational activities for both families of children with lymphedema and health care providers, in order to facilitate early reference to lymphedema units and to receive prompt preventive and therapeutic approaches for this suffering condition.
Anahtar Kelime: Child lymphedema clinical demographic therapeutic education

Belge Türü: Makale Makale Türü: Araştırma Makalesi Erişim Türü: Erişime Açık
  • 1. Borman P. Lymphedema diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up from the view point of physical medicine and rehabilitation specialists. Turkish Journal of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 2018; 64(3): 179-197. doi: 10.5606/ tftrd.2018.3539
  • 2. Damstra R J, Mortimer PS. Diagnosis and therapy in children with lymphoedema. Phlebology 2008; 23(6): 276-286. doi:10.1258/phleb.2008.008010
  • 3. Vidal F, Arrault M, Vignes S. Pediatric primary lymphedema: A cohort of 155 children and new borns. The British Journal of Dermatology 2016; 175(3):628-631. doi:10.1111/bjd.14556
  • 4. Connell F, Brice G, Mansour S, Mortimer P. Presentation of childhood lymphoedema. Journal of Lymphoedema 2009;4(2): 65-72.
  • 5. Smeltzer DM, Stickler GB, Schirger A. Primary lymphedema in children and adolescents: a follow-up study and review. Pediatrics 1985;76(2):206-218.
  • 6. Quéré I, Stasi E, Mestre S, Roessler J, Roccatello D et al. International Camps for Children with Lymphedema and Lymphatic Anomalies: When Education Links with Psychosocial Research. Lymphatic Research and Biology 2021 Feb;19(1):36-40. doi: 10.1089/lrb.2020.0095
  • 7. Elluru RG, Balakrishnan K, Padua HM. Lymphatic malformations: Diagnosis and management. Seminars in Pediatric Surgery 2014; 23: 178-185. doi:10.1053/j. sempedsurg.2014.07.002
  • 8. Lee B, Andrade M, Bergan J, Boccardo F, Campisi C et al. International Union of Phlebology. Diagnosis and treatment of primary lymphedema. Consensus document of the International Union of Phlebology (IUP)-2009. International Angiology 2010 Oct;29(5):454-470.
  • 9. Schook C, Mulliken J, Fishman S, Alomari A, Grant F et al. Differential diagnosis of lower extremity enlargement in pediatric patients refereed with a diagnosis of lymphedema. Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery 2011; 127:1571-1581. doi:10.1097/PRS.0b013e31820a64f3
  • 10. Özyurt A, Sevinç E, Baykan A, Arslan D, Argun M et al. Variable clinical presentation in primary lymphoedema: report of two cases. Clinical Dysmorphology 2014; 2:83-87. doi:10.1097/MCD.0000000000000036
  • 11. O’Donnell TF, Rosmussen JC, Sevick-Muraka EM. New diagnostic modalities in the evaluation of lymphedema. Journal of vascular surgery. Venous and Lymphatic Disorders 2017;5(2):261-273. doi:10.1016/j.jvsv.2016.10.083
  • 12. Beijnen UEA, Maclellan RA, Goss JA, Couto JA, Konczyk DJ et al. Beckwith-Wiedemann sydrome and primary lymphedema of the lower extremity. Pediatric Dermatology 2017;34(1):51- 53
  • 13. Papendieck CM. Special issues in pediatric primary lymphedema. In: Lee BB, Bergan J, Rockson SG (Eds): Lymphedema: A concise compendium of theory and practice. Springer, London 2011, p:437-448.
  • 14. Mofatt C, Aubeeluck A, Stasi E, Bartoletti R, Aussenac C et al. A study to explore the parental impact and challenges of self-management in children and adolescents suffering with lymphedema. Lymphatic Research and Biology 2019;17(2):245- 252. doi:10.1089/lrb.2018.00772019;17(2):245-252
  • 15. Vignes S, AlbuissonJ, Champion L, Constans J, Tauveron V et al. Primary Lymphedema National Diagnosis and Care Protocol. Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases 2021;16(1):18. doi:10.1186/s13023-020-01652-w
  • 16. The diagnosis and treatment of peripheral lymphedema:2016 Consensus Document of the International Society of Lymphology. Lymphology 2016;49: 170-184.
  • 17. Moffatt CJ, Murray SG. The experience of children and families with lymphoedema-a journey within a journey. International Wound Journal 2010;7(1):14-26. https://doi.org/10.1111/ j.1742-481X.2010.00657.x
  • 18. Watt H, Davinder SG, Wargon O, Adams S. Paediatric lymphoedema: A retrospective chart review of 86 cases. Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health 2017; 53: 38-42. https://doi. org/10.1111/jpc.13305
  • 19. Schook CC, Mulliken JB, Fishman SJ, Grant FD, Zurakowski D et al. Primary lymphedema: clinical features and management in 138 pediatric patients. Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery 2011; 127(6):2419-2431. https://doi.org/10.1097/ PRS.0b013e318213a218
  • 20. Todd J, Craig G, Todd M, Hardy D, Young H. Audit of childhood lymphedema in United Kingdom undertaken by members of the children’s lymphedema Specialist Interest Group. Journal of Lymphedema 2014;9(2):14-19.
  • 21. Gitomer SA, Giannonni CM, Canadas KT. Pediatric lymphedema caused by diffuse cervical lymphadenpathy: A case report and review of the literature. International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology 2016; 87: 67-70. DOI:10.1016/j. ijporl.2016.05.028
  • 22. Connell FC, Gordon K, Brice G, Keeley V, Jeffrey S et al. The classification and diagnostic algorhytm for primary lymphatic dysplasia: an update from 2010 to include molecular findings. Clinical Genetics 2013; 84: 303-314. https://doi.org/10.1111/ cge.12173
  • 23. Lee JH, Chang DW. Surgical treatment of primary lymphedema. Lymphatic Research and Biology 2017;15(3):220-226. https:// doi.org/10.1089/lrb.2017.0007
  • 24. Schook C, Kulungowski AM, Greene AK, Fishman SJ. Male genital lymphedema: clinical features and management in 25 pediatric patients. Journal of Pediatric Surgery 2014; 49: 1647- 1651. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2014.05.031
  • 25. Zacharakis E, Dudderidge T, Ionnidis E. Surgical repair of idiopathic scrotal elephantiasis. Southern Medical Journal 2008; 101-208-210. https://doi.org/10.1097/SMJ.0b013e318161290a
  • 26. Greene AK, Schook CC. Primary lymphedema: definition of onset based on developmental age. Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery 2012; 129 (1): 221-222. https://doi.org/10.1097/ PRS.0b013e3182365c91
  • 27. Borman P, Yaman A, Yasrebi S, Ozdemir O. The Importance of Awareness and Education in Patients with Breast Cancer- Related Lymphedema. Journal of Cancer Education 2017;32(3):629-633. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13187-016- 1026-1
  • 28. Akbayrak T, Orhan C, Baran E, Kaya S, Coskun G et al. Effects of physiotherapy combined with sirolimus in a patient with vascular malformation: A case report. The Turkish Journal of Pediatrics 2016; 58: 203-207. https://doi.org/10.24953/ turkjped.2016.02.013
  • 29. Hwang WT, Chung SH, Lee JS. Complex decongestive physical therapy and low-level laser therapy for the treatment of pediatric congenital lymphoedema: a case report. Journal of Physical Therapy Sciences 2015; 27: 2021-2022. https://doi. org/10.1589/jpts.27.2021
  • 30. Philips JJ, Gordon SJ. Conservative management of lymphoedema in children: a systematic review. Journal of Pediatric Rehabilitation Medicine 2014; 7(4): 361-372. https:// doi.org/10.3233/PRM-140306
APA BORMAN P, BALCAN A, eyigor s, Coskun E, Ayhan F, duyur çakıt b, pervane vural s, vural m, PAPATYA ÇAKIR E, Çağdaş D, Yaman A, Cerrahoglu L, ceyhan doğan s (2022). The clinical and demographical characteristics of Turkish pediatric lymphedema patients: a multicenter study. , 1139 - 1147. 10.55730/1300-0144.5417
Chicago BORMAN PINAR,BALCAN Ayşegül,eyigor sibel,Coskun Evrim,Ayhan Fikriye Figen,duyur çakıt burcu,pervane vural secil,vural meltem,PAPATYA ÇAKIR Esra Deniz,Çağdaş Deniz,Yaman Ayşegül,Cerrahoglu Lale,ceyhan doğan sevil The clinical and demographical characteristics of Turkish pediatric lymphedema patients: a multicenter study. (2022): 1139 - 1147. 10.55730/1300-0144.5417
MLA BORMAN PINAR,BALCAN Ayşegül,eyigor sibel,Coskun Evrim,Ayhan Fikriye Figen,duyur çakıt burcu,pervane vural secil,vural meltem,PAPATYA ÇAKIR Esra Deniz,Çağdaş Deniz,Yaman Ayşegül,Cerrahoglu Lale,ceyhan doğan sevil The clinical and demographical characteristics of Turkish pediatric lymphedema patients: a multicenter study. , 2022, ss.1139 - 1147. 10.55730/1300-0144.5417
AMA BORMAN P,BALCAN A,eyigor s,Coskun E,Ayhan F,duyur çakıt b,pervane vural s,vural m,PAPATYA ÇAKIR E,Çağdaş D,Yaman A,Cerrahoglu L,ceyhan doğan s The clinical and demographical characteristics of Turkish pediatric lymphedema patients: a multicenter study. . 2022; 1139 - 1147. 10.55730/1300-0144.5417
Vancouver BORMAN P,BALCAN A,eyigor s,Coskun E,Ayhan F,duyur çakıt b,pervane vural s,vural m,PAPATYA ÇAKIR E,Çağdaş D,Yaman A,Cerrahoglu L,ceyhan doğan s The clinical and demographical characteristics of Turkish pediatric lymphedema patients: a multicenter study. . 2022; 1139 - 1147. 10.55730/1300-0144.5417
IEEE BORMAN P,BALCAN A,eyigor s,Coskun E,Ayhan F,duyur çakıt b,pervane vural s,vural m,PAPATYA ÇAKIR E,Çağdaş D,Yaman A,Cerrahoglu L,ceyhan doğan s "The clinical and demographical characteristics of Turkish pediatric lymphedema patients: a multicenter study." , ss.1139 - 1147, 2022. 10.55730/1300-0144.5417
ISNAD BORMAN, PINAR vd. "The clinical and demographical characteristics of Turkish pediatric lymphedema patients: a multicenter study". (2022), 1139-1147. https://doi.org/10.55730/1300-0144.5417
APA BORMAN P, BALCAN A, eyigor s, Coskun E, Ayhan F, duyur çakıt b, pervane vural s, vural m, PAPATYA ÇAKIR E, Çağdaş D, Yaman A, Cerrahoglu L, ceyhan doğan s (2022). The clinical and demographical characteristics of Turkish pediatric lymphedema patients: a multicenter study. Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences, 52(4), 1139 - 1147. 10.55730/1300-0144.5417
Chicago BORMAN PINAR,BALCAN Ayşegül,eyigor sibel,Coskun Evrim,Ayhan Fikriye Figen,duyur çakıt burcu,pervane vural secil,vural meltem,PAPATYA ÇAKIR Esra Deniz,Çağdaş Deniz,Yaman Ayşegül,Cerrahoglu Lale,ceyhan doğan sevil The clinical and demographical characteristics of Turkish pediatric lymphedema patients: a multicenter study. Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences 52, no.4 (2022): 1139 - 1147. 10.55730/1300-0144.5417
MLA BORMAN PINAR,BALCAN Ayşegül,eyigor sibel,Coskun Evrim,Ayhan Fikriye Figen,duyur çakıt burcu,pervane vural secil,vural meltem,PAPATYA ÇAKIR Esra Deniz,Çağdaş Deniz,Yaman Ayşegül,Cerrahoglu Lale,ceyhan doğan sevil The clinical and demographical characteristics of Turkish pediatric lymphedema patients: a multicenter study. Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences, vol.52, no.4, 2022, ss.1139 - 1147. 10.55730/1300-0144.5417
AMA BORMAN P,BALCAN A,eyigor s,Coskun E,Ayhan F,duyur çakıt b,pervane vural s,vural m,PAPATYA ÇAKIR E,Çağdaş D,Yaman A,Cerrahoglu L,ceyhan doğan s The clinical and demographical characteristics of Turkish pediatric lymphedema patients: a multicenter study. Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences. 2022; 52(4): 1139 - 1147. 10.55730/1300-0144.5417
Vancouver BORMAN P,BALCAN A,eyigor s,Coskun E,Ayhan F,duyur çakıt b,pervane vural s,vural m,PAPATYA ÇAKIR E,Çağdaş D,Yaman A,Cerrahoglu L,ceyhan doğan s The clinical and demographical characteristics of Turkish pediatric lymphedema patients: a multicenter study. Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences. 2022; 52(4): 1139 - 1147. 10.55730/1300-0144.5417
IEEE BORMAN P,BALCAN A,eyigor s,Coskun E,Ayhan F,duyur çakıt b,pervane vural s,vural m,PAPATYA ÇAKIR E,Çağdaş D,Yaman A,Cerrahoglu L,ceyhan doğan s "The clinical and demographical characteristics of Turkish pediatric lymphedema patients: a multicenter study." Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences, 52, ss.1139 - 1147, 2022. 10.55730/1300-0144.5417
ISNAD BORMAN, PINAR vd. "The clinical and demographical characteristics of Turkish pediatric lymphedema patients: a multicenter study". Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences 52/4 (2022), 1139-1147. https://doi.org/10.55730/1300-0144.5417