The major consequences of acute stroke are malnutrition, dysphagia and muscle loss. Nutritional treatment should be included in the management protocols of acute ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke as early as possible. Malnutrition prevalence is not rare among acute stroke patients at the time of admission, however it is more common after hospitalisation in neurointensive care, stroke units or inpatient neurology wards together with noticeable muscle loss. Altered mental status and swallowing disturbance may lead to nutritional deficiencies, dehydration, aspiration and pneumonia. In fact, oral and pharyngeal phases of swallow and laryngeal elevation is disturbed after stroke. Dysphagia is caused by lesions in medulla, pons, parietal operculum, insula, anterior and superior temporal regions, precentral and postcentral gyrus, cingulate cortex. Dysphagia, loss of cough reflex, vallecular pooling, swallowing apraxia and aspiration are especially more common in right hemispheric strokes. All stroke patients should be examined for the presence of dysphagia with bedside tests within 24 hours of hospitalization and instrumental assessment later on. Enteral nutrition should be applied, if needed. It prevents the development of malnutrition and muscle loss. Patients who are fed properly have low rates of complications during the hospital stay, and better functional recovery in long term. Neurologists who take care of hospitalized stroked patients, should be able to plan enteral nutrition and master the main principles of the treatment. Stroke related muscle loss differs from sarcopenia in terms of physiopathology and diagnostic work-up. Quantitative demonstration of muscle mass with BIA, DEXA, CT, MR or ultrasonography is crucial for diagnosis. For today, the novel methods for prevention and management of stroke related muscle loss are active exercises and nutrition.