The Relationship Between Submandibular Gland Size and Oral Health Status, Gender, Age, Body Mass Index in a Healthy Population: A Cross-Sectional Study

Akol Görgün, Esin; CAGLAYAN, Fatma

doi:10.5336/dentalsci.2022-93077

The Relationship Between Submandibular Gland Size and Oral Health Status, Gender, Age, Body Mass Index in a Healthy Population: A Cross-Sectional Study

Esin AKOL GÖRGÜN, (Clinic of Oral Dental and Maxillofacial Radiology, Erzurum Oral and Dental Health Hospital, Erzurum, Türkiye)

Fatma ÇAĞLAYAN (Department of Oral Dental and Maxillofacial Radiology, Atatürk University Faculty of Dentistry, Erzurum, Türkiye)

Türkiye Klinikleri Diş Hekimliği Bilimleri Dergisi

3 1

Yıl: 2023 Cilt: 29 Sayı: 1 Sayfa Aralığı: 45 - 51 Metin Dili: İngilizce DOI: 10.5336/dentalsci.2022-93077 İndeks Tarihi: 08-05-2023

The Relationship Between Submandibular Gland Size and Oral Health Status, Gender, Age, Body Mass Index in a Healthy Population: A Cross-Sectional Study

Öz:

Objective: One of the indexes that best shows the oral health status is the decayed-missing-filled teeth (DMFT) index. 65% of the saliva secreted in the body is produced by the submandibular gland. One of the best imaging methods of the submandibular gland is ultrasound. The aim of this study is to investigate whether there is a relationship between the volume of the submandibular gland, the gland in which saliva is produced the most, and the DMFT index. In addition, changes in the size and volume of the submandibular salivary gland depending on age, gender and body mass index (BMI) were investigated using ultrasonography (USG). Material and Methods: In this study, 240 submandibular glands (right and left) of 120 patients were examined by USG. Results: Submandibular gland volume in males; was found to be higher than that of females (p<0.05). There was no statistically significant relationship between salivary gland volume and BMI, DMFT index (p˃0.05). While the DMFT index increased with age, it did not change depending on gender. We found the mean volume of the right submandibular gland to be 4.21±0.839 cm3 and the volume of the left submandibular gland to average 4.23±0.825 cm3. The mean DMFT index was found to be 11.29±9.025. Conclusion: There is no relationship between submandibular gland size and DMFT index. There is no relationship between submandibular gland size and BMI index. In addition, males have a larger volume of submandibular glands than females.

Anahtar Kelime:

Sağlıklı Popülasyonda Submandibular Bez Büyüklüğü ile Ağız Sağlığı Durumu, Cinsiyet, Yaş, Beden Kitle İndeksi Arasındaki İlişki: Kesitsel Bir Çalışma

Öz:

Amaç: Ağız sağlığı durumunu en iyi gösteren indekslerden biri çürük-eksik-dolgulu dişler [decayed-missing-filled teeth (DMFT)] indeksidir. Vücutta salgılanan tükürüğün %65’i submandibular bez tarafından üretilmektedir. Submandibular bezin en iyi görüntüleme yöntemlerinden biri de ultrasondur. Bu çalışmanın amacı, tükürüğün en çok üretildiği bez olan submandibular bez hacmi ile DMFT indeksi arasında ilişki olup olmadığını araştırmaktır. Ayrıca submandibular tükürük bezinin yaş, cinsiyet ve beden kitle indeksine (BKİ) bağlı olarak boyut ve hacmindeki değişiklikler ultrasonografi (USG) ile araştırıldı. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Bu çalışmada, 120 hastanın 240 submandibular bezi (sağ ve sol olmak üzere) USG ile incelendi. Bulgular: Erkeklerde submandibular bez hacim değerleri kadınlara göre daha yüksek bulundu (p<0,05). Tükürük bezi hacmi ile BKİ, DMFT indeksi arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir ilişki yoktu (p˃0,05). DMFT indeksi yaşla birlikte artarken cinsiyete göre değişmedi. Sağ submandibular bezin ortalama hacmini 4,21±0,839 cm3 ve sol submandibular bezin hacmini ortalama 4,23±0,825 cm3 bulduk. Ortalama DMFT indeksi 11,29±9,025 olarak bulundu. Sonuç: Submandibular bez büyüklüğü ile DMFT indeksi arasında bir ilişki yoktur. Submandibular bez boyutu ile BKİ indeksi arasında bir ilişki yoktur. Ek olarak, erkeklerin kadınlardan daha büyük bir submandibular bez hacmi vardır.

Anahtar Kelime:

Belge Türü: Makale Makale Türü: Araştırma Makalesi Erişim Türü: Erişime Açık

1. Katz p, Hartl DM, Guerre A. Clinical ultrasound of the salivary glands. Otolaryngol Clin North Am. 2009;42(6):973-1000, Table of Contents.
2. Dost p, Kaiser S. ultrasonographic biometry in salivary glands. ultrasound Med Biol. 1997;23(9):1299-303.
3. Dost p. ultrasonographic biometry in normal salivary glands. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 1997;254 Suppl 1:S18-9.
4. Blanck-Lubarsch M, Dirksen D, Feldmann R, Sauerland C, Hohoff A. Tooth malformations, DMFT index, speech impairment and oral habits in patients with fetal alcohol syndrome. Int J Environ Res public Health. 2019;16(22):4401.
5. Klein H, palmer CE. Dental Caries in American Indian Children. 1st ed. Washington: uS Government printing Office; 1938.
6. Kawamura H, Taniguchi N, Itoh K, Kano S. Salivary gland echography in patients with Sjögren's syndrome. Arthritis Rheum. 1990;33(4):505-10.
7. Takashima S, Morimoto S, Tomiyama N, Takeuchi N, Ikezoe J, Kozuka T. Sjogren syndrome: comparison of sialography and ultrasonography. J Clin ultrasound. 1992;20(2):99-109.
8. Hausegger KW, Krasa H, pelzmann W, Grasser RK, Frisch C, Simon H. Sonographie der speicheldrüsen [Sonography of the salivary glands]. ultraschall Med. 1993;14(2):68-74. German.
9. Iro H. ultraschalldiagnostik im Kopf-Hals-Bereich. 1st ed. Berlin: de Gruyter; 1995.
10. Norer B. B-Scan-Sonographie des Mundbodens, der Wange und des oberen Halses: Grundlagen und klinische Anwendung. 1st ed. Stuttgart: Thieme; 1990.
11. pirschel J. Die Erkrankungen der parotis im hochauflösenden real-time- Schnittbild [parotid diseases in high-resolution real-time-tomography]. Rofo. 1982;137(5):503-8. German.
12. Steiner E. Speicheldrüsensonographie [ultrasound imaging of the salivary glands]. Radiologe. 1994;34(5):254-63. German.
13. Traxler M, Schurawitzki H, ulm C, Solar p, Blahout R, piehslinger E, et al. Sonography of nonneoplastic disorders of the salivary glands. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 1992;21(6):360-3.
14. Brozzi F, Rago T, Bencivelli W, Bianchi F, Santini p, Vitti p, et al. Salivary glands ultrasound examination after radioiodine-131 treatment for differentiated thyroid cancer. J Endocrinol Invest. 2013;36(3):153-6.
15. Heo MS, Lee SC, Lee SS, Choi HM, Choi SC, park TW. Quantitative analysis of normal major salivary glands using computed tomography. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 2001;92(2):240-4.
16. Wang Yp, Cai ZG, peng X, Zhang J, Sun Zp, Li W, et al. [Measurement of the weight and volume of submandibular gland in vitro]. Beijing Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban. 2020;53(1):126-132. Chinese.
17. Dicuio M, pomara G, Menchini Fabris F, Ales V, Dahlstrand C, Morelli G. Measurements of urinary bladder volume: comparison of five ultrasound calculation methods in volunteers. Arch Ital urol Androl. 2005;77(1):60- 2.
18. Broadbent JM, Thomson WM. For debate: problems with the DMF index pertinent to dental caries data analysis. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol. 2005;33(6):400-9.
19. Roland E, Gueguen G, Longis MJ, Boiselle J. Validation de la reproductibilité de l'indice CAO utilisé en épidémiologie bucco-dentaire et évaluation de ses deux formes cliniques [Validation of the reproducibility of the DMF Index used in bucco-dental epidemiology and evaluation of its 2 clinical forms]. World Health Stat Q. 1994;47(2):44- 61.
20. Eslamipour F, Borzabadi-Farahani A, Asgari I. The relationship between aging and oral health inequalities assessed by the DMFT index. Eur J paediatr Dent. 2010;11(4):193-9.
21. Moradi G, Mohamadi Bolbanabad A, Moinafshar A, Adabi H, Sharafi M, Zareie B. Evaluation of oral health status based on the decayed, missing and filled teeth (DMFT) index. Iran J public Health. 2019;48(11):2050- 7.
22. Kamalabadi YM, Sedigh SS, Abbaslou M. The relationship between DMFT index and cognitive impairment: a descriptive cross-sectional study. J Family Med prim Care. 2020;9(8):4317-22.
23. Salim NA, Alamoush RA, Al-Abdallah MM, Al-Asmar AA, Satterthwaite JD. Relationship between dental caries, oral hygiene and malocclusion among Syrian refugee children and adolescents: a cross-sectional study. BMC Oral Health. 2021;21(1):629.
24. Mamai-Homata E, Koletsi-Kounari H, Margaritis V. Gender differences in oral health status and behavior of Greek dental students: a meta-analysis of 1981, 2000, and 2010 data. J Int Soc prev Community Dent. 2016;6(1):60-8.
25. Edgar WM. Saliva: its secretion, composition and functions. Br Dent J. 1992;172(8):305-12.
26. Dezan CC, Nicolau J, Souza DN, Walter LR. Flow rate, amylase activity, and protein and sialic acid concentrations of saliva from children aged 18, 30 and 42 months attending a baby clinic. Arch Oral Biol. 2002;47(6):423-7.
27. de Farias DG, Bezerra AC. Salivary antibodies, amylase and protein from children with early childhood caries. Clin Oral Investig. 2003;7(3):154-7.
28. Ashley Fp, Coward pY, Jalil RA, Wilson RF. Relationship between calcium and inorganic phosphorus concentrations of both resting and stimulated saliva and dental plaque in children and young adults. Arch Oral Biol. 1991;36(6):431-4.
29. Ono K, Inoue H, Masuda W, Morimoto Y, Tanaka T, Yokota M, et al. Relationship of chewing-stimulated whole saliva flow rate and salivary gland size. Arch Oral Biol. 200;52(5):427-31.
30. Edgar WM. Saliva and dental health. Clinical implications of saliva: report of a consensus meeting. Br Dent J. 1990;169(3-4):96-8.

APA	Akol Görgün E, CAGLAYAN F (2023). The Relationship Between Submandibular Gland Size and Oral Health Status, Gender, Age, Body Mass Index in a Healthy Population: A Cross-Sectional Study. , 45 - 51. 10.5336/dentalsci.2022-93077
Chicago	Akol Görgün Esin,CAGLAYAN Fatma The Relationship Between Submandibular Gland Size and Oral Health Status, Gender, Age, Body Mass Index in a Healthy Population: A Cross-Sectional Study. (2023): 45 - 51. 10.5336/dentalsci.2022-93077
MLA	Akol Görgün Esin,CAGLAYAN Fatma The Relationship Between Submandibular Gland Size and Oral Health Status, Gender, Age, Body Mass Index in a Healthy Population: A Cross-Sectional Study. , 2023, ss.45 - 51. 10.5336/dentalsci.2022-93077
AMA	Akol Görgün E,CAGLAYAN F The Relationship Between Submandibular Gland Size and Oral Health Status, Gender, Age, Body Mass Index in a Healthy Population: A Cross-Sectional Study. . 2023; 45 - 51. 10.5336/dentalsci.2022-93077
Vancouver	Akol Görgün E,CAGLAYAN F The Relationship Between Submandibular Gland Size and Oral Health Status, Gender, Age, Body Mass Index in a Healthy Population: A Cross-Sectional Study. . 2023; 45 - 51. 10.5336/dentalsci.2022-93077
IEEE	Akol Görgün E,CAGLAYAN F "The Relationship Between Submandibular Gland Size and Oral Health Status, Gender, Age, Body Mass Index in a Healthy Population: A Cross-Sectional Study." , ss.45 - 51, 2023. 10.5336/dentalsci.2022-93077
ISNAD	Akol Görgün, Esin - CAGLAYAN, Fatma. "The Relationship Between Submandibular Gland Size and Oral Health Status, Gender, Age, Body Mass Index in a Healthy Population: A Cross-Sectional Study". (2023), 45-51. https://doi.org/10.5336/dentalsci.2022-93077

APA	Akol Görgün E, CAGLAYAN F (2023). The Relationship Between Submandibular Gland Size and Oral Health Status, Gender, Age, Body Mass Index in a Healthy Population: A Cross-Sectional Study. Türkiye Klinikleri Diş Hekimliği Bilimleri Dergisi, 29(1), 45 - 51. 10.5336/dentalsci.2022-93077
Chicago	Akol Görgün Esin,CAGLAYAN Fatma The Relationship Between Submandibular Gland Size and Oral Health Status, Gender, Age, Body Mass Index in a Healthy Population: A Cross-Sectional Study. Türkiye Klinikleri Diş Hekimliği Bilimleri Dergisi 29, no.1 (2023): 45 - 51. 10.5336/dentalsci.2022-93077
MLA	Akol Görgün Esin,CAGLAYAN Fatma The Relationship Between Submandibular Gland Size and Oral Health Status, Gender, Age, Body Mass Index in a Healthy Population: A Cross-Sectional Study. Türkiye Klinikleri Diş Hekimliği Bilimleri Dergisi, vol.29, no.1, 2023, ss.45 - 51. 10.5336/dentalsci.2022-93077
AMA	Akol Görgün E,CAGLAYAN F The Relationship Between Submandibular Gland Size and Oral Health Status, Gender, Age, Body Mass Index in a Healthy Population: A Cross-Sectional Study. Türkiye Klinikleri Diş Hekimliği Bilimleri Dergisi. 2023; 29(1): 45 - 51. 10.5336/dentalsci.2022-93077
Vancouver	Akol Görgün E,CAGLAYAN F The Relationship Between Submandibular Gland Size and Oral Health Status, Gender, Age, Body Mass Index in a Healthy Population: A Cross-Sectional Study. Türkiye Klinikleri Diş Hekimliği Bilimleri Dergisi. 2023; 29(1): 45 - 51. 10.5336/dentalsci.2022-93077
IEEE	Akol Görgün E,CAGLAYAN F "The Relationship Between Submandibular Gland Size and Oral Health Status, Gender, Age, Body Mass Index in a Healthy Population: A Cross-Sectional Study." Türkiye Klinikleri Diş Hekimliği Bilimleri Dergisi, 29, ss.45 - 51, 2023. 10.5336/dentalsci.2022-93077
ISNAD	Akol Görgün, Esin - CAGLAYAN, Fatma. "The Relationship Between Submandibular Gland Size and Oral Health Status, Gender, Age, Body Mass Index in a Healthy Population: A Cross-Sectional Study". Türkiye Klinikleri Diş Hekimliği Bilimleri Dergisi 29/1 (2023), 45-51. https://doi.org/10.5336/dentalsci.2022-93077