Ground-breaking nanotechnology with unpredictable potential has emerged as a well-funded and rapidly radiating discipline. Intensifying their efforts in this area, developed countries understanding the importance of nanotechnology, have established national nanotechnology research units with large budgets allocated for that area on the one hand. Developed countries, which have realized the importance of nanotechnology, have intensified their efforts in this field, establishing national nanotechnology research units with large allocated budgets. On the other hand, they have taken action to eliminate the deficiencies in the determination of training needs and training qualified personnel and to improve their existing structures. In addition, the synergy between the State-Industry-University has been increased and clustering has been achieved in the field of nanotechnology. The main factor underlying the importance given to nanotechnology is the emergence of extraordinary physical, chemical, biological, optical, magnetic, mechanical and electrical properties at the nano scale. In addition, nanotechnology is an opportunity for the countries falling behind the technology race. If necessary precautions are taken and appropriate structures and effective mechanisms are established, it seems possible for developing countries to have a good position in this regard. In this study, it is aimed to raise awareness about nanotechnology, which has both military and civilian use, to make the necessary warnings in order to prevent our country, which has adapted late to the previous industrial revolution, from repeating the same mistake, and to provide information on the sectoral applications of nanotechnology.