Back to the First Days of the Pandemic: How Well Have We Done to Diagnose COVID-19 in Healthcare Workers?
Yıl: 2022 Cilt: 27 Sayı: 4 Sayfa Aralığı: 555 - 561 Metin Dili: İngilizce DOI: 10.5578/flora.20229604 İndeks Tarihi: 09-05-2023
Back to the First Days of the Pandemic: How Well Have We Done to Diagnose COVID-19 in Healthcare Workers?
Öz: Introduction: Healthcare workers (HCWs) are one of the most vulnerable groups for COVID-19. SARS-CoV-2 PCR was offered to HCWs who had symptoms compatible with COVID-19 or who had a close contact with COVID-19 patient. A rapid antibody test was used to identify the risk of exposure of the HCWs who worked at high-risk units in our hospital during the first month of the pandemic. Herein, we aimed to evaluate the usefulness of this approach. Materials and Methods: The records of the HCWs from a university hospital who were tested by SARS-CoV-2 PCR or rapid antibody test between March 12, 2020 and April 04, 2020 were reviewed retrospectively. Demographic and clinical characteristics of HCWs were extracted from the electronic database. Wards or outpatient clinics that served COVID-19 patients were defined as high-risk units. Results: A total of 599 HCWs were tested for SARS-CoV-2 by PCR and 409 by rapid antibody test. Thirty-seven (6.2%) were found to be PCR positive. Eleven (29.7%) out of 37 HCWs were asymptomatic when they were tested. There was no statistically significant relationship between PCR positivity and occupation or working unit. A positive PCR result was detected in 24 HCWs during the first admission. Eleven out of 114 HCWs who were tested by a second PCR were found to be positive and two out of 17 HCWs who were tested by a third test were reported as PCR positive. Median interval between the first and second PCR was seven days (IQR= 8.5 days) and median interval between second and third PCR test was 4.5 days for the HCWs who were reported as positive at repeated PCR tests. Rapid antibody test was positive in one HCW who did not have a history of COVID-19. Conclusion: Approximately, one third of the SARS-CoV-2 PCR positive HCWs were asymptomatic. In case of increasing incidence of COVID-19 in the community, a regular screening policy for the HCWs regardless of their occupation and contact tracing might help to have a safe environment in hospitals. Screening policy should be based on well validated tests.
Anahtar Kelime: Salgının İlk Günlerine Dönelim: Sağlık Çalışanlarında COVID-19’u Teşhis Etme Konusunda Ne Kadar Başarılı Olduk?
Öz: Giriş: Sağlık çalışanları Koronavirüs Hastalığı 2019 (COVID-19) için en duyarlı gruplardan biridir. COVID-19 ile uyumlu belirtileri olan ve COVID-19 hastalarıyla yakın temas öyküsü olan sağlık çalışanlarına SARS-CoV-2 polimeraz zincir reaksiyonu (PCR) testi yapılması önerilmektedir. Hastanemizde pandeminin ilk ayında yüksek riskli birimlerde çalışan sağlık çalışanlarına SARS-CoV-2’ye maruziyet riskini değerlendirmek amacı bir hızlı antikor testi uygulanmıştır. Bu araştırma bu yaklaşımın kullanışlı olup olmadığının değerlendirilmesi için yapılmıştır. Materyal ve Metod: Ankara, Türkiye’den bir üniversite hastanesinde 12 Mart ve 04 Nisan 2020 tarihleri arasında SARS-CoV-2 PCR veya hızlı antikor testi ile test edilen sağlık çalışanlarının bilgileri geriye dönük olarak taranmıştır. Sağlık çalışanlarının demografik ve klinik özellikleri elektronik sistemden çekilmiştir. COVID-19 hastalarına hizmet veren poliklinik ve yatan hasta servisleri yüksek riskli birimler olarak sınıflandırılmıştır. Bulgular: Sağlık çalışanlarının 599’una SARS-CoV-2 PCR ve 409’una hızlı antikor testi uygulandı. Otuz yedi (%6.2) sağlık çalışanı PCR pozitif olarak bulundu. Otuz yedi sağlık çalışanından 11’i (%29.7) test edildiği sırada belirtisizdi. PCR pozitifliği ile meslek ve çalışılan birim arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir ilişki saptanmadı. Yirmi dört sağlık çalışanının ilk başvurusu sırasında PCR testi pozitif sonuçlandı. İkinci kez PCR testi yapılan 114 sağlık çalışanının 11’i, üçüncü kez PCR testi yapılan 17 sağlık çalışanının ikisi pozitif olarak bildirildi. Tekrarlayan PCR testlerinde pozitiflik bildirilen sağlık çalışanlarında birinci ve ikinci PCR testi arasındaki ortanca süre yedi gün (ÇADA= 8.5 gün), ikinci ve üçüncü PCR testi arasındaki ortanca süre 4.5 gündü. Hızlı antikor testi COVID-19 öyküsü olmayan bir sağlık çalışanında pozitif sonuçlandı. Sonuç: SARS-CoV-2 PCR pozitif sağlık çalışanlarının yaklaşık üçte biri asemptomatikti. Toplumda COVID-19 insidansının arttığı bir durumda sağlık çalışanları için mesleklerinden bağımsız olarak düzenli bir tarama politikası ve temaslı takibi hastanelerde güvenli bir ortam oluşturulmasında yardımcı olacaktır. Tarama politikası geçerliliği iyi gösterilmiş testlere dayanmalıdır.
Anahtar Kelime: Belge Türü: Makale Makale Türü: Araştırma Makalesi Erişim Türü: Erişime Açık
- 1. Anadolu Ajansı (AA). Sağlık Bakanı Koca Türkiye’de ilk koronavirüs vakasının görüldüğünü açıkladı. Available from: https://www.aa.com.tr/tr/koronavirus/saglik-bakani-koca- turkiyede-ilk-koronavirus-vakasinin-goruldugunu-acikladi/ 1761466. (Accessed date: 13.06.2021)
- 2. WHO Director-General’s opening remarks at the media briefing on COVID-19 - 11 March 2020. World Health Organisation. Available from: https://www.who.int/dg/speeches/ detail/who-director-general-s-opening-remarks-at-themedia- briefing-on-covid-19---11-march-2020 (Accessed date: 13.06.2021)
- 3. COVID-19 Hastalığına Yakalanmış Sağlık Çalışanları. Türk Tabipleri Birliği. Available from: https://www.ttb.org.tr/ kutuphane/covid19-rapor_6/covid19-rapor_6_Part35.pdf (Accessed date: 20.10.2020)
- 4. Uyaroğlu OA, Başaran NÇ, Özışık L, Taş Z, Telli Dizman G, İnkaya AÇ, et al. First confirmed cases of 2019 novel coronavirus in a university hospital in Turkey: Housemate internists. Acta Medica 2021;52(1):75-81. https://doi. org/10.32552/2020.ActaMedica.476
- 5. Ran L, Chen X, Wang Y, Wu W, Zhang L, Tan X. Risk factors of healthcare workers with coronavirus disease 2019: A retrospective cohort study in a designated hospital of Wuhan in China. Clin Infect Dis 2020;71(16):2218-21. https:// doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaa287
- 6. Hunter E, Price DA, Murphy E, van der Loeff IS, Baker KF, Lendrem D, et al. First experience of COVID-19 screening of health-care workers in England. Lancet 2020;395(10234):e77-e78. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30970-3
- 7. Alhabbab RY, Alsaieedi A, Algaissi A, Almahboub S, Al-Raddadi RM, Shabouni OI, et al. Seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 binding and neutralizing antibodies in healthcare workers during the epidemic peak in referral hospitals and quarantine sites: Saudi Arabia. Viruses 2021;13(7):1413. https:// doi.org/10.3390/v13071413
- 8. Özdemir A, Demir Çuha M, Telli Dizman G, Alp A, Metan G, Şener B. SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence among healthcare workers: Retrospective analysis of the data from a university hospital in Turkey. Mikrobiyol Bul 2021;55(2):223-32. https://doi.org/10.5578/mb.20219908
- 9. Khalil A, Hill R, Ladhani S, Pattisson K, O’Brien P. COVID- 19 screening of health-care workers in a London maternity hospital. Lancet Infect Dis 2021;21(1):23-24. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1473-3099(20)30403-5
- 10. Oster Y, Wolf DG, Olshtain-Pops K, Rotstein Z, Schwartz C, Benenson S. Proactive screening approach for SARSCoV- 2 among healthcare workers. Clin Microbiol Infect 2021;27(1):155-6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. cmi.2020.08.009
- 11. Özlem A-K, Hande A, Erol Ç, Yanık-Yalçın T, Sarı N. Healthcare workers should be inoculated with the highest effective vaccine available. Infect Dis and Clin Microbiol 2021;3(2):107-108. https://doi.org/10.36519/ idcm.2021.47
- 12. Erice A, Varillas-Delgado D, Caballero C. Decline of antibody titres 3 months after two doses of BNT162b2 in non-immunocompromised adults. Clin Microbiol Infect 2021;28(1):139.e1-139.e4. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. cmi.2021.08.023
- 13. Yılmaz S, Çolak FU, Yılmaz E, Ak R, Hokenek NM, Altıntaş MM. Vaccine hesitancy of health-care workers: Another challenge in the fight against COVID-19 in Istanbul. Disaster Med Public Health Prep 2021:1-7. https://doi. org/10.1017/dmp.2021.257
- 14. Yurttaş B, Poyraz BC, Süt N, Özdede A, Öztaş M, Uğurlu S, et al. Willingness to get the COVID-19 vaccine among patients with rheumatic diseases, healthcare workers and general population in Turkey: A web-based survey. Rheumatol Int 2021;41(6):1105-14. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00296-021-04841-3
- 15. Del Aguila-Mejia J, Wallmann R, Calvo-Montes J, Rodriguez- Lozano J, Valle-Madrazo T, Aginagalde-Llorente A. Secondary attack rate, transmission and incubation periods, and serial interval of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant, Spain. Emerg Infect Dis 2022;28(6):1224-8. https://doi.org/10.3201/eid2806.220158
- 16. Kivela JM, Jarva H, Lappalainen M, Kurkela S. Saliva-based testing for diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection: A meta- analysis. J Med Virol 2021;93(3):1256-8. https://doi. org/10.1002/jmv.26613
- 17. Saegerman C, Donneau AF, Speybroeck N, Diep AN, Williams A, Stamatakis L, et al. Repetitive saliva-based mass screening as a tool for controlling SARS-CoV-2 transmission in nursing homes. Transbound Emerg Dis 2022;69(4):e194-e203. https://doi.org/10.1111/ tbed.14280
- 18. Mendoza RP, Bi C, Cheng HT, Gabutan E, Pagaspas GJ, Khan N, et al. Implementation of a pooled surveillance testing program for asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infections in K-12 schools and universities. EClinicalMedicine 2021;38:101028. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. eclinm.2021.101028
- 19. Olearo F, Norz D, Hoffman A, Grunwald M, Gatzemeyer K, Christner M, et al. Clinical performance and accuracy of a qPCR-based SARS-CoV-2 mass-screening workflow for healthcare-worker surveillance using pooled self-sampled gargling solutions: A cross-sectional study. J Infect 2021;83(5):589-93. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. jinf.2021.08.047
- 20. Çalık Başaran N, Uyaroğlu OA, Telli Dizman G, et al. Outcome of noncritical COVID-19 patients with early hospitalization and early antiviral treatment outside the ICU. Turk J Med Sci 2021;51(2):411-20. https://doi.org/10.3906/ sag-2006-173
- 21. Aslan O, Mızraklı A, Aktar GS, Onur AR. Evaluation of anti- SARS-CoV-2 antibody levels: two different methods. Rev Assoc Med Bras (1992) 2021;67(4):597-601. https://doi. org/10.1590/1806-9282.20201165
- 22. Singh S. Rapid antibody-based tests for the diagnosis of COVID-19: A bigger epidemic of unscientific practices. J Lab Physicians Mar 2020;12(1):1-2. https://doi.org/ 10.1055/s-0040-1712711
- 23. Ejazi SA, Ghosh S, Ali N. Antibody detection assays for COVID-19 diagnosis: An early overview. Immunol Cell Biol 2021;99(1):21-33. https://doi.org/10.1111/imcb.12397
| APA | Sertçelik A, Metan G, Telli Dizman G, Atılmış D, SAHAN C, kalaycı d, ALP A, CAKIR B, ZARAKOLU P, Unal S, Uzun O (2022). Back to the First Days of the Pandemic: How Well Have We Done to Diagnose COVID-19 in Healthcare Workers?. , 555 - 561. 10.5578/flora.20229604 |
| Chicago | Sertçelik Ahmet,Metan Gökhan,Telli Dizman Gulcin,Atılmış Duygu,SAHAN CEYDA,kalaycı defne,ALP ALPASLAN,CAKIR BANU,ZARAKOLU PINAR,Unal Serhat,Uzun Omrum Back to the First Days of the Pandemic: How Well Have We Done to Diagnose COVID-19 in Healthcare Workers?. (2022): 555 - 561. 10.5578/flora.20229604 |
| MLA | Sertçelik Ahmet,Metan Gökhan,Telli Dizman Gulcin,Atılmış Duygu,SAHAN CEYDA,kalaycı defne,ALP ALPASLAN,CAKIR BANU,ZARAKOLU PINAR,Unal Serhat,Uzun Omrum Back to the First Days of the Pandemic: How Well Have We Done to Diagnose COVID-19 in Healthcare Workers?. , 2022, ss.555 - 561. 10.5578/flora.20229604 |
| AMA | Sertçelik A,Metan G,Telli Dizman G,Atılmış D,SAHAN C,kalaycı d,ALP A,CAKIR B,ZARAKOLU P,Unal S,Uzun O Back to the First Days of the Pandemic: How Well Have We Done to Diagnose COVID-19 in Healthcare Workers?. . 2022; 555 - 561. 10.5578/flora.20229604 |
| Vancouver | Sertçelik A,Metan G,Telli Dizman G,Atılmış D,SAHAN C,kalaycı d,ALP A,CAKIR B,ZARAKOLU P,Unal S,Uzun O Back to the First Days of the Pandemic: How Well Have We Done to Diagnose COVID-19 in Healthcare Workers?. . 2022; 555 - 561. 10.5578/flora.20229604 |
| IEEE | Sertçelik A,Metan G,Telli Dizman G,Atılmış D,SAHAN C,kalaycı d,ALP A,CAKIR B,ZARAKOLU P,Unal S,Uzun O "Back to the First Days of the Pandemic: How Well Have We Done to Diagnose COVID-19 in Healthcare Workers?." , ss.555 - 561, 2022. 10.5578/flora.20229604 |
| ISNAD | Sertçelik, Ahmet vd. "Back to the First Days of the Pandemic: How Well Have We Done to Diagnose COVID-19 in Healthcare Workers?". (2022), 555-561. https://doi.org/10.5578/flora.20229604 |
| APA | Sertçelik A, Metan G, Telli Dizman G, Atılmış D, SAHAN C, kalaycı d, ALP A, CAKIR B, ZARAKOLU P, Unal S, Uzun O (2022). Back to the First Days of the Pandemic: How Well Have We Done to Diagnose COVID-19 in Healthcare Workers?. Flora İnfeksiyon Hastalıkları ve Klinik Mikrobiyoloji Dergisi, 27(4), 555 - 561. 10.5578/flora.20229604 |
| Chicago | Sertçelik Ahmet,Metan Gökhan,Telli Dizman Gulcin,Atılmış Duygu,SAHAN CEYDA,kalaycı defne,ALP ALPASLAN,CAKIR BANU,ZARAKOLU PINAR,Unal Serhat,Uzun Omrum Back to the First Days of the Pandemic: How Well Have We Done to Diagnose COVID-19 in Healthcare Workers?. Flora İnfeksiyon Hastalıkları ve Klinik Mikrobiyoloji Dergisi 27, no.4 (2022): 555 - 561. 10.5578/flora.20229604 |
| MLA | Sertçelik Ahmet,Metan Gökhan,Telli Dizman Gulcin,Atılmış Duygu,SAHAN CEYDA,kalaycı defne,ALP ALPASLAN,CAKIR BANU,ZARAKOLU PINAR,Unal Serhat,Uzun Omrum Back to the First Days of the Pandemic: How Well Have We Done to Diagnose COVID-19 in Healthcare Workers?. Flora İnfeksiyon Hastalıkları ve Klinik Mikrobiyoloji Dergisi, vol.27, no.4, 2022, ss.555 - 561. 10.5578/flora.20229604 |
| AMA | Sertçelik A,Metan G,Telli Dizman G,Atılmış D,SAHAN C,kalaycı d,ALP A,CAKIR B,ZARAKOLU P,Unal S,Uzun O Back to the First Days of the Pandemic: How Well Have We Done to Diagnose COVID-19 in Healthcare Workers?. Flora İnfeksiyon Hastalıkları ve Klinik Mikrobiyoloji Dergisi. 2022; 27(4): 555 - 561. 10.5578/flora.20229604 |
| Vancouver | Sertçelik A,Metan G,Telli Dizman G,Atılmış D,SAHAN C,kalaycı d,ALP A,CAKIR B,ZARAKOLU P,Unal S,Uzun O Back to the First Days of the Pandemic: How Well Have We Done to Diagnose COVID-19 in Healthcare Workers?. Flora İnfeksiyon Hastalıkları ve Klinik Mikrobiyoloji Dergisi. 2022; 27(4): 555 - 561. 10.5578/flora.20229604 |
| IEEE | Sertçelik A,Metan G,Telli Dizman G,Atılmış D,SAHAN C,kalaycı d,ALP A,CAKIR B,ZARAKOLU P,Unal S,Uzun O "Back to the First Days of the Pandemic: How Well Have We Done to Diagnose COVID-19 in Healthcare Workers?." Flora İnfeksiyon Hastalıkları ve Klinik Mikrobiyoloji Dergisi, 27, ss.555 - 561, 2022. 10.5578/flora.20229604 |
| ISNAD | Sertçelik, Ahmet vd. "Back to the First Days of the Pandemic: How Well Have We Done to Diagnose COVID-19 in Healthcare Workers?". Flora İnfeksiyon Hastalıkları ve Klinik Mikrobiyoloji Dergisi 27/4 (2022), 555-561. https://doi.org/10.5578/flora.20229604 |
