This study investigated the antioxidant and cytotoxic properties of the Dictamnus albus L. plant grown in Türkiye. The aerial parts and roots of the plant were evaluated qualitatively in terms of chemical content. Total phenol and flavonoid amounts were calculated by spectrophotometric methods, antioxidant activity was tested with DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activity assay. In addition, cell viability determination in PC-12 and SHSY-5Y cell lines was evaluated by performing MTT (3-4,5-dimethyl-thiazolyl-2,5- diphenyltetrazolium bromide) test. According to the results, both parts of the plant gave negative results in the tannin, cyanogenetic glycoside, anthraquinone, cardiac glycoside, and anthocyanoside identification tests, while they gave positive results in the alkaloid, coumarin, saponin, carbohydrate identification tests. While the total amount of phenol was calculated as 77.13 ± 5.73 mgGAE gexracts-1 in the extract prepared with methanol from the aerial parts of the plant (D.A Herba), it was calculated as 43.81 ± 9.49 mgGAE gexracts-1 in the extract prepared from the roots (D.A Root). The total flavonoid content could only be calculated in the D.A Herba extract (19.11 ± 0.16 mgCA gextract-1). Although the DPPH radical scavenging effect of the extracts was higher in D.A Herba extract, the ABTS radical scavenging effects were found similar in both D.A Herba and D.A Root extracts. According to the toxicity test, D.A Root extract reduced the viability below 50% (43.17 ± 3.44%) at 500 µg mL-1, but D.A Herba extract was found to be more toxic at the same concentration with 19.53 ± 0.183% in the PC-12 cell line. However, D.A. Herba and D.A.Root extract increased cell proliferation in the SHSY-5Y cell line at 3.25 µg/mL concentrations with 122.87±6.29 and 112.78±7.00%, respectively. The results suggest that D. albus may be a promising candidate for the new phytopharmaceuticals due to its neuroprotective effects.