From Padua to Istanbul: Peregrinatio Medica of Joseph Solomon Del Medigo (1591-1655) and Tobias Cohen (1652-1729)
Yıl: 2023 Cilt: 24 Sayı: 1 Sayfa Aralığı: 199 - 215 Metin Dili: İngilizce DOI: 10.26650/oba.1174793 İndeks Tarihi: 11-05-2023
From Padua to Istanbul: Peregrinatio Medica of Joseph Solomon Del Medigo (1591-1655) and Tobias Cohen (1652-1729)
Öz: This paper examines the stories and works of two Padua-trained Jewish physicians, Joseph Solomon Del Medigo (d.1655) and Tobias Cohen (d.1729) who traveled between major urban centers of the Eastern Mediterranean. In the early modern Mediterranean, Jewish physicians served as the vectors of knowledge between different geographies. The paper will start by rendering the learning and practicing medicine in 16th and 17th century Padua and then move on to the experiences of the abovementioned physicians in the Ottoman Empire with a particular focus on their biographies. The final section of the article will focus on the reasons and consequences of their sojourn in the Ottoman Empire. In addition to scientific quests, the paper argues that Del Medigo and Cohen headed towards the East with religious motives, the realization of which could only be made possible by the career opportunities offered by the Ottomans. This paper will conclude that the stories of Del Medigo and Cohen pose an episode of the coalescent nature of European and Eastern Mediterranean science.
Anahtar Kelime: Padua’dan İstanbul’a Peregrinatio Medica: Joseph Solomon Del Medigo (1591-1655) ve Tobias Cohen (1652-1729)
Öz: Bu çalışma, Padua’da tıp eğitimi almış ve bir müddet Osmanlı İmparatorluğunda mesleğini icra etmiş olan Yahudi doktorlardan Joseph Solomon Del Medigo’nun (ö.1655) ve Tobias Cohen’in (ö.1729) biyografilerini ve eserlerini inceleyecektir. Erken modern dönemde, bu iki ismin örnek teşkil ettiği üzere Yahudi doktorlar Akdeniz’in farklı köşeleri arasında bilgi vektörleri olarak hizmet ediyorlardı. Bu makale öncelikle 16. ve 17. yüzyıllarda Padua’da tıp eğitimi ve uygulamalarını ele alıp ardından bu iki hekimin Osmanlı İmparatorluğu’ndaki deneyimlerine odaklanacaktır. Bu çalışmanın temel iddiası bu hekimlerin Osmanlı İmparatorluğu’na göç etmelerinin sebebi olarak mesleki ve bilimsel faktörlerin yanında dini saiklerin de oldukça etkili olduğudur. Del Medigo ve Cohen’in zihinlerindeki dini tekamülün gerçekleşmesi ancak Osmanlıların kendilerine sunduğu kariyer fırsatlarıyla mümkün olmuştur. Bu iki hekimin hikayesinin, erken modern biliminin esnek ve bütüncül doğasının bilim tarihi alanındaki yansıması olduğunu iddia eden bu çalışma, dini ve bireysel amillerin Osmanlı bilimlerinin dönüşümündeki rolünü anlama çabasındadır.
Anahtar Kelime: Belge Türü: Makale Makale Türü: Araştırma Makalesi Erişim Türü: Erişime Açık
- Del Medigo, Joseph Solomon. Maamar ‘al kochav shavit [An Article on a Comet], Jerusalem: Institute of Hebrew Manuscripts, Hebrew National Library, MS F 64619.
- Adler, Jacob. “Joseph Solomon Del Medigo: Student of Galileo, Teacher of Spinoza.” Intellectual History Review 23 (2013): 141-157.
- Barnai, Jacob. “Christian Messianism and the Portuguese Marranos: The Emergence of Sabbateanism in Smyrna.” Jewish History 7, 2 (1993): 119-126.
- Barzilay, Isaac. Yoseph Shlomo Delmedigo (Yashar of Candia). Leiden: Brill, 1974.
- Ben-Noeh, Yaron. Jews in the Realm of the Sultans: Ottoman Jewish Society in the Seventeenth Century. Tübingen: Mohr Siebeck, 2008.
- Ben-Zaken, Avner. “Transcending Time in the Scribal East.” In Cross-Cultural Scientific Exchanges in the Eastern Mediterranean, 1560-1660, 76-104. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2010.
- Boyar, Ebru. “Medicine in Practice: European Influences on the Ottoman Medical Habitat.” Turkish Historical Review 9, 3 (2018): 213-241.
- Bylebyl, Jerome J. “The School of Padua: Humanistic Medicine in the 16th Century.” In Health, Medicine and Mortality in the Sixteenth Century. Edited by Charles Webster, 335-370. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1979.
- Cohen, Tobias. Ma’aseh Tuviyyah, Cracow, 1908. Reprint New York, 1974.
- Danon, Dina. The Jews of Ottoman Izmir: A Modern History. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2020.
- Del Medigo, Joseph Solomon. Sefer Elim. Amsterdam, 1628. Reprint Odesa: M. Grinshpan, M. E. Belinson, 1864-67.
- Efron, Noah J. “Jewish Thought and Scientific Discovery in Early Modern Europe.” Journal of the History of Ideas 58, 4 (1997): 719–32.
- Facchini, Christina. “The City, the Ghetto and Two Books. Venice and Jewish Early Modernity.” In Modernity and the cities of the Jews. Edited by Cristiana Facchini, Quest. Issues in Contemporary Jewish History 2 (2011): 11-44.
- Friedenwald, Harry. “Jewish Physicians in Italy: Their Relation to the Papal and Italian States.”In Publications of the American Jewish Historical Society no. 28. Edited by R.C. Davis and B. Ravid, 133-211. Baltimore: American Jewish Historical Society, 1922.
- Galante, Abraham (Avram Galanti). Médecins juifs au Service de la Turquie. Istanbul: Babok, 1938.
- Gunergun, Feza. “Ottoman Encounters with European Science: Sixteenth- and Seventeenth-Century Translations into Turkish.” In Cultural Translation in Early Modern Europe. Edited by Peter Burke and R. Po-chia Hsia, 192–211. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press 2007.
- Gowing, Laura. “Knowledge and Experience, C. 1500–1750.” In The Routledge History of Sex and the Body: 1500 to the Present (1st ed.). Edited by Sarah Toulalan and Kate Fisher. London: Routledge, 2016.
- Keller, Alex. “Science in the Early ‘Haskalah.’” European Judaism: A Journal for the New Europe 24, 2 (1991): 8–13.
- Küçük, Harun. Science without Leisure: Practical Naturalism in Istanbul, 1660–1732. Pittsburgh, PA: University of Pittsburgh Press, 2019.
- Lepicard, Etienne. “An Alternative to the Cosmic and Mechanic Metaphors for the Human Body? The House Illustration in Ma’aseh Tuviyah (1708).” Medical History 52, 1 (2008): 93-105.
- Marriott, Brandon. “The Lost Tribes in the Americas: Judeo-Christian Reciprocity across the Atlantic World (1648–1666).” In Transnational Networks and Cross-Religious Exchange in the Seventeenth-Century Mediterranean and Atlantic Worlds: Sabbatai Sevi and the Lost Tribes of Israel. London: Routledge, 2015.
- Rudermann, David B. “Padua and the Formation of a Jewish Medical Community in Italy.” In Jewish Thought and Scientific Discovery in Early Modern Europe. New Haven and London, Yale University Press, 1995.
- ______ “Medicine and Scientific Thought in the Ghetto: The Cultural World of Tobias Cohen.” In The Jews of Venice: A Unique Renaissance Community. Edited by Robert C. Davis and Benjamin Ravid, 191-210. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2001.
- ______ “On the Diffusion of Scientific Knowledge within the Jewish Community: The Medical Textbook of Tobias Cohen.” In Jewish Thought and Scientific Discovery in Early Modern Europe, 229-255. New Haven and London: Yale University Press, 1995.
- Siraisi, Nancy G. “Medicine, 1450–1620, and the History of Science.” Isis 103, 3 (2012): 491–514.
- Shatzky, Jacob. “On Jewish Medical Students of Padua.” Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences 5, 4 (1950): 444-447.
- Steven Shapin. The Scientific Revolution. Chicago: The Chicago University Press, 1996.
- Shaw, Stanford J. The Jews of the Ottoman Empire and the Turkish Republic. New York: New York University Press, 1991.
- Shear, Adam. “Science, Medicine, and Jewish Philosophy.” In The Cambridge History of Judaism, vol.7. Edited by Jonathan Karp and Adam Sutcliffe, 522–49. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2017.
- Stolberg, Michael. “Bedside Teaching and the Acquisition of Practical Skills in Mid-Sixteenth Century Padua.” Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences 69, 4 (2014): 633–664.
- Stolberg, Michael. “Learning Anatomy in Late Sixteenth-Century Padua.” History of Science 56, 4 (2018): 381–402.
- Spencer, Herbert R. “A Century of Medicine at Padua.” The British Medical Journal 1, 3196 (1922): 543.
- Zampieri, Fabio, Alberto Zanatta, Mohamed Elmaghawry, Maurizio Rippa Bonati, and Geatano Thiene. “Origin and Development of Modern Medicine at the University of Padua and the Role of the “Serenissima” Republic of Venice,” Global Cardiology Science and Practice 2, 2 (2013): 1-14.
- Küçük, Harun. “The Case for the Ottoman Enlightenment: Natural Philosophy and Cosmopolitanism in Eighteenth-Century Istanbul.” PhD dissertation University of California, San Diego, 2012.
| APA | a (2023). From Padua to Istanbul: Peregrinatio Medica of Joseph Solomon Del Medigo (1591-1655) and Tobias Cohen (1652-1729). , 199 - 215. 10.26650/oba.1174793 |
| Chicago | abdüssamet From Padua to Istanbul: Peregrinatio Medica of Joseph Solomon Del Medigo (1591-1655) and Tobias Cohen (1652-1729). (2023): 199 - 215. 10.26650/oba.1174793 |
| MLA | abdüssamet From Padua to Istanbul: Peregrinatio Medica of Joseph Solomon Del Medigo (1591-1655) and Tobias Cohen (1652-1729). , 2023, ss.199 - 215. 10.26650/oba.1174793 |
| AMA | a From Padua to Istanbul: Peregrinatio Medica of Joseph Solomon Del Medigo (1591-1655) and Tobias Cohen (1652-1729). . 2023; 199 - 215. 10.26650/oba.1174793 |
| Vancouver | a From Padua to Istanbul: Peregrinatio Medica of Joseph Solomon Del Medigo (1591-1655) and Tobias Cohen (1652-1729). . 2023; 199 - 215. 10.26650/oba.1174793 |
| IEEE | a "From Padua to Istanbul: Peregrinatio Medica of Joseph Solomon Del Medigo (1591-1655) and Tobias Cohen (1652-1729)." , ss.199 - 215, 2023. 10.26650/oba.1174793 |
| ISNAD | , abdüssamet. "From Padua to Istanbul: Peregrinatio Medica of Joseph Solomon Del Medigo (1591-1655) and Tobias Cohen (1652-1729)". (2023), 199-215. https://doi.org/10.26650/oba.1174793 |
| APA | a (2023). From Padua to Istanbul: Peregrinatio Medica of Joseph Solomon Del Medigo (1591-1655) and Tobias Cohen (1652-1729). Osmanlı Bilimi Araştırmaları, 24(1), 199 - 215. 10.26650/oba.1174793 |
| Chicago | abdüssamet From Padua to Istanbul: Peregrinatio Medica of Joseph Solomon Del Medigo (1591-1655) and Tobias Cohen (1652-1729). Osmanlı Bilimi Araştırmaları 24, no.1 (2023): 199 - 215. 10.26650/oba.1174793 |
| MLA | abdüssamet From Padua to Istanbul: Peregrinatio Medica of Joseph Solomon Del Medigo (1591-1655) and Tobias Cohen (1652-1729). Osmanlı Bilimi Araştırmaları, vol.24, no.1, 2023, ss.199 - 215. 10.26650/oba.1174793 |
| AMA | a From Padua to Istanbul: Peregrinatio Medica of Joseph Solomon Del Medigo (1591-1655) and Tobias Cohen (1652-1729). Osmanlı Bilimi Araştırmaları. 2023; 24(1): 199 - 215. 10.26650/oba.1174793 |
| Vancouver | a From Padua to Istanbul: Peregrinatio Medica of Joseph Solomon Del Medigo (1591-1655) and Tobias Cohen (1652-1729). Osmanlı Bilimi Araştırmaları. 2023; 24(1): 199 - 215. 10.26650/oba.1174793 |
| IEEE | a "From Padua to Istanbul: Peregrinatio Medica of Joseph Solomon Del Medigo (1591-1655) and Tobias Cohen (1652-1729)." Osmanlı Bilimi Araştırmaları, 24, ss.199 - 215, 2023. 10.26650/oba.1174793 |
| ISNAD | , abdüssamet. "From Padua to Istanbul: Peregrinatio Medica of Joseph Solomon Del Medigo (1591-1655) and Tobias Cohen (1652-1729)". Osmanlı Bilimi Araştırmaları 24/1 (2023), 199-215. https://doi.org/10.26650/oba.1174793 |
