Objective: Sports such as tennis, volleyball, baseball, and basketball with different movement mechanics force the static and dynamic structures in the shoulder joint to a substantial extent. In this study, it is aimed to examine what are the electrophysiological changes that may occur in the axillary nerve and deltoid muscle after repetitive shoulder elevation in basketball and volleyball players and how they are reflected on the strength. Except for the rhomboid muscle, which is innervated by a single root (C5), all muscles are innervated by several adjacent roots. In order to eliminate root compression, needle electromyography (EMG) was per- formed on the rhomboid muscle innervated from C5. Material and Methods: A total of 35 athletes [8 (22.9%) were female, 27 (77.1%) male, 13 (37.1%) volleyball, and 22 (62.9%) were basketball players], and 35 sedentary participants [21 (60%) were female, 14 (40%) male] were included in the study. Shoulder abduction and adduction of all participants was mea- sured isokinetically. Quantitative EMG analysis of the deltoid and rhomboid muscles, and measurements of bilateral motor-sensory nerve transmission to the axillary nerve, were performed only athletes. Results: Athletes showed higher peak torque values in all movements compared to the control group (p<0.05). In all subjects, the peak torque of abduction was lower than that of adduction. There were no electroneurographic findings compatible with ax- illary nerve lesion in basketball and volleyball players. Neurogenic involve- ment was detected in the right rhomboid and deltoid muscles in 7 (20%) athletes (2 female volleyball, 5 male basketball). Chronic partial axonal le- sion of the right dorsal scapular nerve was reported in 2 athletes (1 female volleyball, 1 male basketball). There was no statistically significant difference between the peak torque values of the athletes with and without neurogenic involvement. Conclusion: In this study, we have seen that the scapula dor- sal nerve can also be trapped in addition to the axillary nerve in athletes doing overhead activities. Identifying specific risk factors will help athletes and coaches adjust their training programs and reduce these injuries.