Intimate partner violence during the COVID-19 pandemic: An online survey

Objective:Intimate partner violence (IPV) against women is a human rights violation and a public health concern. The incidence of IPV increases in mass events such as epi- demics. The aim of this study was to assess the nature and the extent of IPV among women in Turkey; to iden- tify the associated factors, and mental health outcomes during the COVID-19 pandemic. Method:The study has a cross-sectional, descriptive design. An online self- report survey, based on World Health Organization guid- ance on epidemiological studies to assess IPV, was con- ducted among women between 09.01.2021 and 09.02.2021. The survey had 69 questions which covered sociodemographic characteristics, relationship history, types of violence and mental well-being. Inclusion crite- ria were being over the age of 18, and having a spouse/partner during the pandemic. Participation was on voluntary basis. 1372 women were included in the analysis. Results:Around a third (30.7%) of participants were exposed to any type of violence before the pan- demic, with most common form being emotional vio- lence, and this rate remained unchanged during the pan- demic, despite the time spent with partners were expect- ed to increase due to isolation measures. 61 women (4.4%), mostly university graduates living in cities, reported being subject to violence for the first time dur- ing the pandemic. 31.2% of them were cases of digital violence. Lower level of education, younger age and partner’s alcohol and substance use was associated with IPV, and IPV was associated with poorer mental well- being. Discussion:Despite the public health measures taken during the pandemic (e.g. lockdowns), where women would have spent more time isolated with their partners, rates of IPV did not change from pre-pandemic to pandemic. This outcome needs to be compared with findings from other contexts. Strategies to prevent IPV is of utmost importance for the protection of mental well- being of women and the society during and after the pandemic.

Anahtar Kelime:

COVID-19 pandemisi sırasında yakın partner şiddeti: Çevrim içi bir araştırma

Öz:

Amaç: Kadınlara yönelik yakın partner şiddeti (YPŞ), bir insan hakları ihlali ve bir halk sağlığı sorunudur. YPŞ insidansı, salgın hastalıklar gibi toplumsal olaylarda artmaktadır. Bu çalışmanın amaçları, Türkiye'de COVID- 19 pandemisi sırasında kadınlara yönelik YPŞ'nin niteliğini ve boyutlarını değerlendirmek; YPŞ ile ilişkili etkenleri ve ruh sağlığı açısından sonuçlarını belirlemek- tir. Yöntem: Kesitsel, tanımlayıcı desende bir araştırma planlanmıştır. Kadınlara yönelik YPŞ'yi değerlendirmek için Dünya Sağlık Örgütü'nin epidemiyolojik çalışmalara ilişkin rehberlerine dayanarak hazırlanan, çevrimiçi öz bildirime dayanan bir anket 09.01.2021 ve 09.02.2021 tarihleri arasında uygulanmıştır. Ankette sosyode- mografik özellikler, ilişki geçmişi, şiddet türleri ve ruhsal iyilik halini kapsayan 69 soru bulunmaktadır. Çalışmaya dahil edilme kriterleri, 18 yaşından büyük olmak ve pan- demi sırasında bir eş/partner sahibi olmak olarak belirlenmiş, katılım gönüllülük esasına dayandırılmıştır. Analize dahil edilen katılımcı sayısı 1372'dir. Bulgular: Katılımcıların yaklaşık üçte biri (%30,7) pandemi öncesinde herhangi bir tür YPŞ'ye maruz kaldığını belirtti. Bu oranda önlemler nedeniyle kadınların partnerleri ile daha fazla zaman geçirmeleri beklenen pandemi sırasında anlamlı bir değişiklik olmamıştır; ancak üniver- site mezunu, şehirde yaşayan 61 (%4.4) kadının ilk kez pandemi döneminde YPŞ’ye maruz kaldığı görülmüştür. Bunların %31,2'si dijital şiddet olgularıdır. En sık YPŞ türü duygusal şiddet olarak bildirilmiştir. Düşük eğitim düzeyi, genç yaş ve partnerin alkol/madde kullanımı YPŞ ile ilişkili bulunmuştur. YPŞ'nin, düşük ruhsal iyilik hali skoru ile ilişkili olduğu belirlenmiştir.Sonuç: Bu araştırmada, karantina ve benzeri önlemler nedeniyle kadınların part- nerleri daha fazla izole zaman geçirmeleri beklenen pan- demi sırasında, YPŞ oranının pandemi öncesine göre değişkenlik göstermediği saptanmıştır. Bu sonucun diğer çalışmalardan elde edilen bulgularla karşılaştırılması gerekmektedir. YPŞ'yi önleme stratejileri, pandemi sırasında ve sonrasında kadınların ve toplumun ruh sağlığının korunması için büyük önem taşımaktadır.

Anahtar Kelime:

Belge Türü: Makale Makale Türü: Araştırma Makalesi Erişim Türü: Erişime Açık

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APA	Sönmez Güngör E, YILMAZ İ, Erim B, güvenç h, Ergül C, LAÇİNER K, akçay oruç g, ALTUN F, Erkan A, erzin g, Toprak E, AKVARDAR Y (2023). Intimate partner violence during the COVID-19 pandemic: An online survey. , 47 - 59. 10.5505/kpd.2023.85126
Chicago	Sönmez Güngör Ekin,YILMAZ İMRAN GÖKÇEN,Erim Burcu Rahşan,güvenç hasibe rengin,Ergül Ceylan,LAÇİNER KEREM,akçay oruç gamze,ALTUN Fatmagül DİKYAR,Erkan Arzu,erzin gamze,Toprak Ebru,AKVARDAR YILDIZ Intimate partner violence during the COVID-19 pandemic: An online survey. (2023): 47 - 59. 10.5505/kpd.2023.85126
MLA	Sönmez Güngör Ekin,YILMAZ İMRAN GÖKÇEN,Erim Burcu Rahşan,güvenç hasibe rengin,Ergül Ceylan,LAÇİNER KEREM,akçay oruç gamze,ALTUN Fatmagül DİKYAR,Erkan Arzu,erzin gamze,Toprak Ebru,AKVARDAR YILDIZ Intimate partner violence during the COVID-19 pandemic: An online survey. , 2023, ss.47 - 59. 10.5505/kpd.2023.85126
AMA	Sönmez Güngör E,YILMAZ İ,Erim B,güvenç h,Ergül C,LAÇİNER K,akçay oruç g,ALTUN F,Erkan A,erzin g,Toprak E,AKVARDAR Y Intimate partner violence during the COVID-19 pandemic: An online survey. . 2023; 47 - 59. 10.5505/kpd.2023.85126
Vancouver	Sönmez Güngör E,YILMAZ İ,Erim B,güvenç h,Ergül C,LAÇİNER K,akçay oruç g,ALTUN F,Erkan A,erzin g,Toprak E,AKVARDAR Y Intimate partner violence during the COVID-19 pandemic: An online survey. . 2023; 47 - 59. 10.5505/kpd.2023.85126
IEEE	Sönmez Güngör E,YILMAZ İ,Erim B,güvenç h,Ergül C,LAÇİNER K,akçay oruç g,ALTUN F,Erkan A,erzin g,Toprak E,AKVARDAR Y "Intimate partner violence during the COVID-19 pandemic: An online survey." , ss.47 - 59, 2023. 10.5505/kpd.2023.85126
ISNAD	Sönmez Güngör, Ekin vd. "Intimate partner violence during the COVID-19 pandemic: An online survey". (2023), 47-59. https://doi.org/10.5505/kpd.2023.85126

APA	Sönmez Güngör E, YILMAZ İ, Erim B, güvenç h, Ergül C, LAÇİNER K, akçay oruç g, ALTUN F, Erkan A, erzin g, Toprak E, AKVARDAR Y (2023). Intimate partner violence during the COVID-19 pandemic: An online survey. Klinik Psikiyatri Dergisi, 26(1), 47 - 59. 10.5505/kpd.2023.85126
Chicago	Sönmez Güngör Ekin,YILMAZ İMRAN GÖKÇEN,Erim Burcu Rahşan,güvenç hasibe rengin,Ergül Ceylan,LAÇİNER KEREM,akçay oruç gamze,ALTUN Fatmagül DİKYAR,Erkan Arzu,erzin gamze,Toprak Ebru,AKVARDAR YILDIZ Intimate partner violence during the COVID-19 pandemic: An online survey. Klinik Psikiyatri Dergisi 26, no.1 (2023): 47 - 59. 10.5505/kpd.2023.85126
MLA	Sönmez Güngör Ekin,YILMAZ İMRAN GÖKÇEN,Erim Burcu Rahşan,güvenç hasibe rengin,Ergül Ceylan,LAÇİNER KEREM,akçay oruç gamze,ALTUN Fatmagül DİKYAR,Erkan Arzu,erzin gamze,Toprak Ebru,AKVARDAR YILDIZ Intimate partner violence during the COVID-19 pandemic: An online survey. Klinik Psikiyatri Dergisi, vol.26, no.1, 2023, ss.47 - 59. 10.5505/kpd.2023.85126
AMA	Sönmez Güngör E,YILMAZ İ,Erim B,güvenç h,Ergül C,LAÇİNER K,akçay oruç g,ALTUN F,Erkan A,erzin g,Toprak E,AKVARDAR Y Intimate partner violence during the COVID-19 pandemic: An online survey. Klinik Psikiyatri Dergisi. 2023; 26(1): 47 - 59. 10.5505/kpd.2023.85126
Vancouver	Sönmez Güngör E,YILMAZ İ,Erim B,güvenç h,Ergül C,LAÇİNER K,akçay oruç g,ALTUN F,Erkan A,erzin g,Toprak E,AKVARDAR Y Intimate partner violence during the COVID-19 pandemic: An online survey. Klinik Psikiyatri Dergisi. 2023; 26(1): 47 - 59. 10.5505/kpd.2023.85126
IEEE	Sönmez Güngör E,YILMAZ İ,Erim B,güvenç h,Ergül C,LAÇİNER K,akçay oruç g,ALTUN F,Erkan A,erzin g,Toprak E,AKVARDAR Y "Intimate partner violence during the COVID-19 pandemic: An online survey." Klinik Psikiyatri Dergisi, 26, ss.47 - 59, 2023. 10.5505/kpd.2023.85126
ISNAD	Sönmez Güngör, Ekin vd. "Intimate partner violence during the COVID-19 pandemic: An online survey". Klinik Psikiyatri Dergisi 26/1 (2023), 47-59. https://doi.org/10.5505/kpd.2023.85126