Yıl: 2022 Cilt: 54 Sayı: 1 Sayfa Aralığı: 97 - 105 Metin Dili: İngilizce DOI: 10.5152/eurasianjmed.2022.22321 İndeks Tarihi: 24-05-2023

The Shining Star of the Last Decade in Regional Anesthesia Part-I: Interfascial Plane Blocks for Breast, Thoracic, and Orthopedic Surgery

Öz:
Regional anesthesia has benefits beyond just treating acute postoperative pain. Interfascial plane blocks, which have been very popular with ultrasound in recent years, function primarily by administering a high volume of a local anesthetic to the fascial plane. Contrary to traditional peripheral nerve blocks, the targeted nerve or structure in interfacial plane blocks is not fully defined, and the indications have not been fully revealed yet. Anatomical, cadaveric, and radiological studies show how effective the interfascial plane blocks play a role. This review focuses on the benefits, techniques, indications, and complications of interfascial plane blocks in the context of breast, thoracic, and orthopedic surgery.
Anahtar Kelime:

Belge Türü: Makale Makale Türü: Derleme Erişim Türü: Erişime Açık
  • 1. Brill S, Gurman GM, Fisher A. A history of neuraxial administration of local analgesics and opioids. Eur J Anaesthesiol. 2003;20(9):682-689. [CrossRef]
  • 2. Orebaugh SL, Williams BA, Vallejo M, Kentor ML. Adverse outcomes associated with stimulatorbased peripheral nerve blocks with versus without ultrasound visualization. Reg Anesth Pain Med. 2009;34(3):251-255. [CrossRef]
  • 3. Rafi AN. Abdominal field block: a new approach via the lumbar triangle. Anaesthesia. 2001; 56(10):1024-1026. [CrossRef]
  • 4. Hebbard P, Fujiwara Y, Shibata Y, Royse C. Ultrasound- guided transversus abdominis plane (TAP) block. Anaesth Intensive Care. 2007;35(4): 616-617.
  • 5. Tulgar S, Ahiskalioglu A, De Cassai A, Gurkan Y. Efficacy of bilateral erector spinae plane block in the management of pain: current insights. J Pain Res. 2019;12:2597-2613. [CrossRef]
  • 6. Tulgar S, Aydin ME, Ahiskalioglu A, De Cassai A, Gurkan Y. Anesthetic techniques: focus on lumbar erector spinae plane block. Local Reg Anesth. 2020;13:121-133. [CrossRef]
  • 7. Elsharkawy H, Pawa A, Mariano ER. Interfascial plane blocks: back to basics. Reg Anesth Pain Med. 2018;43(4):341-346. [CrossRef]
  • 8. Ahiskalioglu A, Yayik AM, Karapinar YE, Tulgar S, Ciftci B. From ultrasound to artificial intelligence: a new era of the regional anesthesia. Minerva Anestesiol. 2022;88(7-8):640-642. [CrossRef]
  • 9. Chin KJ, Versyck B, Pawa A. Ultrasound-guided fascial plane blocks of the chest wall: a state-ofthe- art review. Anaesthesia. 2021;76(suppl 1): 110-126. [CrossRef]
  • 10. Smeele HP, Bijkerk E, van Kuijk SMJ, Lataster A, van der Hulst RRWJ, Tuinder SMH. Innervation of the female breast and nipple: a systematic review and meta-analysis of anatomical dissection studies. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2022;150(2):243- 255. [CrossRef]
  • 11. Pfeiffer G, Oppitz N, Schöne S, Richter-Heine I, Höhne M, Koltermann C. Analgesia of the axilla using a paravertebral catheter in the lamina technique. Anaesthesist. 2006;55(4):423-427. [CrossRef]
  • 12. Yang HM, Choi YJ, Kwon HJ, O J, Cho TH, Kim SH. Comparison of injectate spread and nerve involvement between retrolaminar and erector spinae plane blocks in the thoracic region: a cadaveric study. Anaesthesia. 2018;73(10):1244-1250. [CrossRef]
  • 13. Onishi E, Murakami M, Nishino R, Ohba R, Yamauchi M. Analgesic effect of double-level retrolaminar paravertebral block for breast cancer surgery in the early postoperative period: a placebo-controlled, randomized clinical trial. Tohoku J Exp Med. 2018;245(3):179-185. [CrossRef]
  • 14. Nobukuni K, Hatta M, Nakagaki T, Yoshino J, Obuchi T, Fujimura N. Retrolaminar versus epidural block for postoperative analgesia after minor video-assisted thoracic surgery: a retrospective, matched, non-inferiority study. J Thorac Dis. 2021;13(5):2758-2767. [CrossRef]
  • 15. Murouchi T, Yamakage M. Retrolaminar block: analgesic efficacy and safety evaluation. J Anesth. 2016;30(6):1003-1007. [CrossRef]
  • 16. Sotome S, Sawada A, Wada A, Shima H, Kutomi G, Yamakage M. Erector spinae plane block versus retrolaminar block for postoperative analgesia after breast surgery: a randomized controlled trial. J Anesth. 2021;35(1):27-34. [CrossRef]
  • 17. Wang Q, Wei S, Li S, et al. Comparison of the analgesic effect of ultrasound-guided paravertebral block and ultrasound-guided retrolaminar block in uniportal video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery: a prospective, randomized study. BMC Cancer. 2021;21(1):1229. [CrossRef]
  • 18. Forero M, Adhikary SD, Lopez H, Tsui C, Chin KJ. The erector spinae plane block: a novel analgesic technique in thoracic neuropathic pain. Reg Anesth Pain Med. 2016;41(5):621-627. [CrossRef]
  • 19. Ciftci B, Ekinci M, Celik EC, Yayik AM, Aydin ME, Ahiskalioglu A. Ultrasound-guided erector spinae plane block versus modif ied-t horac olumb ar interfascial plane block for lumbar discectomy surgery: a randomized, controlled study. World Neurosurg. 2020;144:e849-e855. [CrossRef]
  • 20. Yayik AM, Ahiskalioglu A, Çelik EC, Ay A, Ozenoglu A. Continuous erector spinae plane block for postoperative analgesia of multiple rib fracture surgery: case report. Braz J Anesthesiol. 2019;69(1):91-94. [CrossRef]
  • 21. Ahiskalioglu A, Yayik AM, Celik EC, Ahiskalioglu EO, Emsen M. Two plane two block for surgical anesthesia: ultrasound-guided serratus and erector spinae plane blocks. J Clin Anesth. 2018;47:19-20. [CrossRef]
  • 22. Yayik AM, Cesur S, Ozturk F, et al. Postoperative analgesic efficacy of the ultrasound-guided erector spinae plane block in patients undergoing lumbar spinal decompression surgery: a randomized controlled study. World Neurosurg. 2019;126:e779-e785. [CrossRef]
  • 23. Cesur S, Yayik AM, Ozturk F, Ahiskalioglu A. Ultrasound-guided low thoracic erector spinae plane block for effective postoperative analgesia after lumbar surgery: report of five cases. Cureus. 2018;10(11):e3603. [CrossRef]
  • 24. Cesur S, Ay AN, Yayık AM, Naldan ME, Gürkan Y. Ultrasound-guided erector spinae plane block provides effective perioperative analgesia and anaesthesia for thoracic mass excision: a report of two cases. Anaesth Crit Care Pain Med. 2019;38(2):189-190. [CrossRef]
  • 25. Tulgar S, Ahiskalioglu A, Aydin ME, Jadon A, Forero M, Gürkan Y. Lumbar erector spinae plane block: a miracle or self-persuasion? Reg Anesth Pain Med. 2021;46(7):638-639. [CrossRef]
  • 26. Aydın T, Balaban O, Ahiskalioglu A, Alici HA, Acar A. Ultrasound-guided erector spinae plane block for the management of herpes zoster pain: observational study. Cureus. 2019;11(10):e5891. [CrossRef]
  • 27. Aydin ME, Tekin E, Ahiskalioglu EO, et al. Erector spinae plane block vs non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs for severe renal colic pain: a pilot clinical feasibility study. Int J Clin Pract. 2021;75(3):e13789. [CrossRef]
  • 28. Ahiskalioglu A, Kocak AO, Doymus O, Sengun E, Celik M, Alici HA. Erector spinae plane block for bilateral lumbar transverse process fracture in emergency department: a new indication. Am J Emerg Med. 2018;36(10):1927.e3-1927.e4. [CrossRef]
  • 29. Kilicaslan A, Aydin A, Kekec AF, Ahiskalioglu A. Sacral erector spinae plane block provides effective postoperative analgesia for pelvic and sacral fracture surgery. J Clin Anesth. 2020;61:109674. [CrossRef]
  • 30. Ahiskalioglu A, Aydin ME, Alici HA. (MS 19311) Ultrasound guided erector spinae plane block as a safe and effective method to treat herpes zoster pain. Am J Emerg Med. 2019;37(6):1192- 1194. [CrossRef]
  • 31. Celik M, Tulgar S, Ahiskalioglu A, Alper F. Is high volume lumbar erector spinae plane block an alternative to transforaminal epidural injection? Evaluation with MRI. Reg Anesth Pain Med. 2019. [CrossRef]
  • 32. Chin KJ, El-Boghdadly K. Mechanisms of action of the erector spinae plane (ESP) block: a narrative review. Can J Anaesth. 2021;68(3):387-408. [CrossRef]
  • 33. ElHawary H, Abdelhamid K, Meng F, Janis JE. Erector spinae plane block decreases pain and opioid consumption in breast surgery: systematic review. Plast Reconstr Surg Glob Open. 2019;7(11):e2525. [CrossRef]
  • 34. Huang W, Wang W, Xie W, Chen Z, Liu Y. Erector spinae plane block for postoperative analgesia in breast and thoracic surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Clin Anesth. 2020; 66:109900. [CrossRef]
  • 35. Tekin E, Ahiskalioglu A, Aydin ME, Sengun E, Bayramoglu A, Alici HA. High-thoracic ultrasoundguided erector spinae plane block for acute herpes zoster pain management in emergency department. Am J Emerg Med. 2019;37(2):375. e1-375.e3. [CrossRef]
  • 36. Yayik AM, Karapinar YE, Ozgodek HB, Tor IH, Ahiskalioglu A. Bilevel opposite direction ESP block with indwelling catheter in the management of severe lung cancer pain. Interv Pain Med. 2022;1(4):100144. [CrossRef]
  • 37. Yayik AM, Ahiskalioglu A, Ates I, Ahiskalioglu EO, Cinal H. Ultrasound guided bilateral rhomboid intercostal block for breast reduction surgery. J Clin Anesth. 2019;57:38-39. [CrossRef]
  • 38. Altıparmak B, Korkmaz Toker M, Uysal AI, Dere Ö, Uğur B. Evaluation of ultrasoundguided rhomboid intercostal nerve block for postoperative analgesia in breast cancer surgery: a prospective, randomized controlled trial. Reg Anesth Pain Med. 2020;45(4):277-282. [CrossRef]
  • 39. Piraccini E, Calli M, Taddei S, Maitan S. Erector spinae plane block and rhomboid intercostal block for the treatment of post-mastectomy pain syndrome. Saudi J Anaesth. 2020;14(4):517- 519. [CrossRef]
  • 40. Yayik AM, Aydin ME, Tekin E, Ulas AB, Ahiskalioglu A. An alternative plane block for multiple rib fractures: Rhomboid Intercostal and Sub- Serratus block (RISS). Am J Emerg Med. 2019;37(12):2263.e5-2263.e7. [CrossRef]
  • 41. Deng W, Liu F, Jiang CW, Sun Y, Shi GP, Zhou QH. Continuous rhomboid intercostal block for thoracoscopic postoperative analgesia. Ann Thorac Surg. 2022;114(1):319-326. [CrossRef]
  • 42. Longo F, Piliego C, Martuscelli M, et al. Rhomboid intercostal and subserratus plane block for intubated uniportal video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery lobectomy. J Clin Anesth. 2020;65:109881. [CrossRef]
  • 43. Kozanhan B, Semerkant T, Esme H, Canitez A, İyisoy MS. Evaluation of rhomboid intercostal and subserratus plane block under direct vision for postoperative analgesia in thoracic surgeries: a prospective, randomized controlled trial. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg. 2022;62(6). [CrossRef]
  • 44. Chen R, Su S, Shu H. Efficacy and safety of rhomboid intercostal block for analgesia in breast surgery and thoracoscopic surgery: a meta-analysis. BMC Anesthesiol. 2022;22(1):71. [CrossRef]
  • 45. Zhang JG, Jiang CW, Deng W, Liu F, Wu XP. Comparison of rhomboid intercostal block, erector spinae plane block, and serratus plane block on analgesia for video-assisted thoracic surgery: a prospective, randomized, controlled trial. Int J Clin Pract. 2022;2022:6924489. [CrossRef]
  • 46. Ahiskalioglu A, Aici HA, Yayik AM, Celik M, Oral Ahiskalioglu E. Ultrasound guided serratus plane block for management of acute thoracic herpes zoster. Anaesth Crit Care Pain Med. 2017;36(5): 323-324. [CrossRef]
  • 47. Ahiskalioglu A, Yayik AM, Demir U, et al. Preemptive analgesic efficacy of the ultrasoundguided bilateral superficial serratus plane block on postoperative pain in breast reduction surgery: a prospective randomized controlled study. Aesthet Plast Surg. 2020;44(1):37-44. [CrossRef]
  • 48. Li ZH, Hong WJ, Guo XL, et al. Serratus plane block in breast cancer surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Breast Cancer. 2023;23(1):e1-e13. [CrossRef]
  • 49. Sulak M, Ahiskalioglu A, Yayik A, et al. The effect of ultrasound-guided serratus plane block on the quality of life in patients undergoing modified radical mastectomy and axillary lymph node dissection: a randomized controlled study. Anaesthesiol Intensive Ther. 2022;54(1):48-55. [CrossRef]
  • 50. Blanco R, Parras T, McDonnell JG, Prats-Galino A. Serratus plane block: a novel ultrasound-guided thoracic wall nerve block. Anaesthesia. 2013;68(11):1107-1113. [CrossRef]
  • 51. Liu X, Song T, Xu HY, Chen X, Yin P, Zhang J. The serratus anterior plane block for analgesia after thoracic surgery: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trails. Med (Baltim). 2020;99(21):e20286. [CrossRef]
  • 52. Chin KJ. Thoracic wall blocks: from paravertebral to retrolaminar to serratus to erector spinae and back again - a review of evidence. Best Pract Res Clin Anaesthesiol. 2019;33(1):67-77. [CrossRef]
  • 53. Blanco R, Fajardo M, Parras Maldonado T. Ultrasound description of Pecs II (modified Pecs I): a novel approach to breast surgery. Rev Esp Anestesiol Reanim. 2012;59(9):470-475. [CrossRef]
  • 54. Grape S, Jaunin E, El-Boghdadly K, Chan V, Albrecht E. Analgesic efficacy of PECS and serratus plane blocks after breast surgery: a systematic review, meta-analysis and trial sequential analysis. J Clin Anesth. 2020;63:109744. [CrossRef]
  • 55. Elshanbary AA, Zaazouee MS, Darwish YB, et al. Efficacy and safety of pectoral nerve block (pecs) compared with control, paravertebral block, erector spinae plane block, and local anesthesia in patients undergoing breast cancer surgeries: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin J Pain. 2021;37(12):925-939. [CrossRef]
  • 56. De Cassai A, Bonanno C, Sandei L, Finozzi F, Carron M, Marchet A. PECS II block is associated with lower incidence of chronic pain after breast surgery. Korean J Pain. 2019;32(4):286-291. [CrossRef]
  • 57. Sertcakacilar G, Kose S. Bilateral PECS II block is associated with decreased opioid consumption and reduced pain scores for up to 24 hours after minimally invasive repair of pectus excavatum (Nuss procedure): a retrospective analysis. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth. 2022;36(10):3833-3840. [CrossRef]
  • 58. Luo G, Zhu J, Ni H, et al. Pretreatment with pectoral nerve block II is effective for reducing pain in patients undergoing thoracoscopic lobectomy: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. BioMed Res Int. 2021;2021:6693221. [CrossRef]
  • 59. Aydin ME, Ahiskalioglu A, Ates I, et al. Efficacy of ultrasound-guided transversus thoracic muscle plane block on postoperative opioid consumption after cardiac surgery: a prospective, randomized, double-blind study. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth. 2020;34(11):2996-3003. [CrossRef]
  • 60. Aydin ME, Medetoglu EN, Yazici K, Colak A, Ahiskalioglu A. A combination of serratus and transverse thoracic muscle plane blocks as the main anesthetic method for a high-risk patient with pericardial tamponade. J Clin Anesth. 2021;71:110204. [CrossRef]
  • 61. Ahiskalioglu A, Kucun T, Yayik AM, Ulas AB, Ates İ. Ultrasound-guided transversus thoracis muscle plane block provides effective postoperative analgesia for pediatric open pectus carinatum surgery: first report. Pain Med. 2021;22(5):1233-1235. [CrossRef]
  • 62. Song WQ, Wang W, Yang YC, et al. Parasternal intercostal block complementation contributes to postoperative pain relief in modified radical mastectomy employing pectoral nerve block I and serratus-intercostal block: a randomized trial. J Pain Res. 2020;13:865-871. [CrossRef]
  • 63. Roberts M, Brodribb W, Mitchell G. Reducing the pain: a systematic review of postdischarge analgesia following elective orthopedic surgery. Pain Med. 2012;13(5):711-727. [CrossRef]
  • 64. Hussain N, Goldar G, Ragina N, Banfield L, Laffey JG, Abdallah FW. Suprascapular and interscalene nerve block for shoulder surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Anesthesiology. 2017;127(6):998-1013. [CrossRef]
  • 65. Bos EME, Hollmann MW, Lirk P. Safety and efficacy of epidural analgesia. Curr Opin Anaesthesiol. 2017;30(6):736-742. [CrossRef]
  • 66. Kim KS, Ahn JH, Yoon JH, Ji HT, Kim IS. Hemidiaphragmatic paresis following interscalene brachial plexus block with 2-point injection technique. Pain Phys. 2021;24(8):507-515.
  • 67. De Cassai A, Bonvicini D, Correale C, Sandei L, Tulgar S, Tonetti T. Erector spinae plane block: a systematic qualitative review. Minerva Anestesiol. 2019;85(3):308-319. [CrossRef]
  • 68. Tulgar S, Ahiskalioglu A, Thomas DT, Gurkan Y. Should erector spinae plane block applications be standardized or should we revise nomenclature? Reg Anesth Pain Med. 2020;45(4):318-319. [CrossRef]
  • 69. Ahiskalioglu A, Tulgar S, Celik M, Ozer Z, Alici HA, Aydin ME. Lumbar erector spinae plane block as a main anesthetic method for hip surgery in high risk elderly patients: initial experience with a magnetic resonance imaging. Eurasian J Med. 2020;52(1):16-20. [CrossRef]
  • 70. Ciftci B, Ekinci M, Gölboyu BE, et al. High thoracic erector spinae plane block for arthroscopic shoulder surgery: a randomized prospective double-blind study. Pain Med. 2021;22(4):776- 783. [CrossRef]
  • 71. Ekinci M, Ciftci B, Atalay YO. An alternative technique for effective pain management in upper extremity surgery: erector spinae plane block. Minerva Anestesiol. 2020;86(3):358-360. [CrossRef]
  • 72. Hamadnalla H, Elsharkawy H, Shimada T, Maheshwari K, Esa WAS, Tsui BCH. Cervical erector spinae plane block catheter for shoulder disarticulation surgery. Can J Anaesth. 2019; 66(9):1129-1131. [CrossRef]
  • 73. Forero M, Rajarathinam M, Adhikary SD, Chin KJ. Erector spinae plane block for the management of chronic shoulder pain: a case report. Can J Anaesth. 2018;65(3):288-293. [CrossRef]
  • 74. Ma W, Sun L, Ngai L, et al. Motor-sparing highthoracic erector spinae plane block for proximal humerus surgery and total shoulder arthroplasty surgery: clinical evidence for differential peripheral nerve block? Can J Anaesth. 2019;66(10):1274- 1275. [CrossRef]
  • 75. Diwan S, Nair A. Erector spinae plane block for proximal shoulder surgery: a phrenic nerve sparing block! Turk J Anaesthesiol Reanim. 2020;48(4):331-333. [CrossRef]
  • 76. Kapukaya F, Ekinci M, Ciftci B, et al. Erector spinae plane block vs interscalene brachial plexus block for postoperative analgesia management in patients who underwent shoulder arthroscopy. BMC Anesthesiol. 2022;22(1):142. [CrossRef]
  • 77. Townsend D, Siddique N, Kimura A, et al. Lumbar erector spinae plane block for total hip arthroplasty comparing 24-hour opioid requirements: a randomized controlled study. Anesthesiol Res Pract. 2022;2022:9826638. [CrossRef]
  • 78. Chan A, Ng TKT, Tang BYH. Single-shot lumbar erector spinae plane block in total hip replacement: a randomized clinical trial. Anesth Analg. 2022;135(4):829-836. [CrossRef]
  • 79. Kose SG, Kose HC, Tulgar S, Akkaya T. Deep supraspinatus muscle plane block: a novel ultrasound- guided technique for the blockade of suprascapular nerve branches. J Clin Anesth. 2021;70:110187. [CrossRef]
  • 80. Ciftci B, Ahiskalioglu A, Ekinci M, Alici HA. Deep supraspinatus muscle plane block: is it just a new description of an old technique? J Clin Anesth. 2021;73:110333. [CrossRef]
  • 81. Kose SG, Kose HC, Tulgar S, Thomas DT, Akkaya T. Radiological evaluation and unexpected sensorial block in a patient undergoing ultrasound- guided deep supraspinatus muscle plane block. J Clin Anesth. 2021;71:110248. [CrossRef]
  • 82. Altiparmak B, Ciftci B, Tekin B, Sakul BU, Alici HA. Is the deep supraspinatus muscle plane block and suprascapular nerve block the same approach? A cadaveric nomenclature study. Korean J Anesthesiol. 2022;75(2):193-195. [CrossRef]
  • 83. Altıparmak B, Korkmaz Toker M, Uysal Aİ, Akgün G, Gümüş Demirbilek S. Deep supraspinatus muscle plane block: a new indication for the novel block. J Clin Anesth. 2021;72:110291. [CrossRef]
  • 84. Öksüz G, Arslan M, Bilal B, Gişi G, Yavuz C, Çalışır F. Ultrasound-guided deep supraspinatus muscle plane block for rescue analgesia after shoulder surgery. J Clin Anesth. 2021;71:110247. [CrossRef]
  • 85. Ekinci M, Ciftci B, Gölboyu BE, Demiraran Y, Bayrak Y, Tulgar S. A randomized trial to compare serratus anterior plane block and erector spinae plane block for pain management following thoracoscopic surgery. Pain Med. 2020;21(6):1248-1254. [CrossRef]
  • 86. Demir U, Yayik AM, Köse M, Aydin ME, Ates İ, Ahiskalioglu A. Does the serratus plane block added to the interscalene block improve the quality of anesthesia in arthroscopic shoulder surgery? A prospective randomized study. Cureus. 2020;12(4):e7648. [CrossRef]
  • 87. Girón-Arango L, Peng PWH, Chin KJ, Brull R, Perlas A. Pericapsular nerve group (PENG) block for hip fracture. Reg Anesth Pain Med. 2018;43(8):859-863. [CrossRef]
  • 88. Yamak Altinpulluk E, Galluccio F, Salazar C, et al. Peng block in prosthetic hip replacement: a cadaveric radiological evaluation. J Clin Anesth. 2020;65:109888. [CrossRef]
  • 89. Ahiskalioglu A, Aydin ME, Celik M, Ahiskalioglu EO, Tulgar S. Can high volume pericapsular nerve group (PENG) block act as a lumbar plexus block? J Clin Anesth. 2020;61:109650. [CrossRef]
  • 90. Ahiskalioglu A, Aydin ME, Ahiskalioglu EO, Tuncer K, Celik M. Pericapsular nerve group (PENG) block for surgical anesthesia of medial thigh. J Clin Anesth. 2020;59:42-43. [CrossRef]
  • 91. Ciftci B, Ahiskalioglu A, Altintas HM, Tekin B, Sakul BU, Alici HA. A possible mechanism of motor blockade of high volume pericapsular nerve group (PENG) block: a cadaveric study. J Clin Anesth. 2021;74:110407. [CrossRef]
  • 92. Jones MR, Novitch MB, Hall OM, et al. Fascia iliaca block, history, technique, and efficacy in clinical practice. Best Pract Res Clin Anaesthesiol. 2019;33(4):407-413. [CrossRef]
  • 93. Hebbard P, Ivanusic J, Sha S. Ultrasound-guided supra-inguinal fascia iliaca block: a cadaveric evaluation of a novel approach. Anaesthesia. 2011;66(4):300-305. [CrossRef]
  • 94. Aliste J, Layera S, Bravo D, et al. Randomized comparison between pericapsular nerve group (PENG) block and suprainguinal fascia iliaca block for total hip arthroplasty. Reg Anesth Pain Med. 2021;46(10):874-878. [CrossRef]
  • 95. Nassar H, Hasanin A, Sewilam M, et al. Transmuscular quadratus lumborum block versus suprainguinal fascia iliaca block for hip arthroplasty: a randomized, controlled pilot study. Local Reg Anesth. 2021;14:67-74. [CrossRef]
  • 96. Sanll orent e-Seb astiá n R, Arroyo-García B, Avello-Taboada R. Ultrasound suprainguinal fascia iliaca block in knee surgery. J Anesth. 2020;34(3):476. [CrossRef]
  • 97. Aksu C, Gürkan Y. Suprainguinal fascia iliaca block for pediatric hip surgeries. Reg Anesth Pain Med. 2019. [CrossRef]
  • 98. Alrayashi W, Zurakowski D, Sullivan CA, et al. The effect of suprainguinal fascia iliaca block on the recovery of patients after arthroscopic hip surgery. Paediatr Anaesth. 2019;29(8):829-834. [CrossRef]
  • 99. Jadon A, Mohsin K, Sahoo RK, Chakraborty S, Sinha N, Bakshi A. Comparison of supra-inguinal fascia iliaca versus pericapsular nerve block for ease of positioning during spinal anaesthesia: a randomised double-blinded trial. Indian J Anaesth. 2021;65(8):572-578. [CrossRef]
APA Ahiskalioglu A, Yayik A, Çelik E, AYDIN M, Çiftçi B, Oral Ahiskalioglu E, Bilal B, Narayanan M, Tulgar s (2022). The Shining Star of the Last Decade in Regional Anesthesia Part-I: Interfascial Plane Blocks for Breast, Thoracic, and Orthopedic Surgery. , 97 - 105. 10.5152/eurasianjmed.2022.22321
Chicago Ahiskalioglu Ali,Yayik Ahmet Murat,Çelik Erkan Cem,AYDIN Muhammed Enes,Çiftçi Bahadır,Oral Ahiskalioglu Elif,Bilal Bora,Narayanan Madan,Tulgar serkan The Shining Star of the Last Decade in Regional Anesthesia Part-I: Interfascial Plane Blocks for Breast, Thoracic, and Orthopedic Surgery. (2022): 97 - 105. 10.5152/eurasianjmed.2022.22321
MLA Ahiskalioglu Ali,Yayik Ahmet Murat,Çelik Erkan Cem,AYDIN Muhammed Enes,Çiftçi Bahadır,Oral Ahiskalioglu Elif,Bilal Bora,Narayanan Madan,Tulgar serkan The Shining Star of the Last Decade in Regional Anesthesia Part-I: Interfascial Plane Blocks for Breast, Thoracic, and Orthopedic Surgery. , 2022, ss.97 - 105. 10.5152/eurasianjmed.2022.22321
AMA Ahiskalioglu A,Yayik A,Çelik E,AYDIN M,Çiftçi B,Oral Ahiskalioglu E,Bilal B,Narayanan M,Tulgar s The Shining Star of the Last Decade in Regional Anesthesia Part-I: Interfascial Plane Blocks for Breast, Thoracic, and Orthopedic Surgery. . 2022; 97 - 105. 10.5152/eurasianjmed.2022.22321
Vancouver Ahiskalioglu A,Yayik A,Çelik E,AYDIN M,Çiftçi B,Oral Ahiskalioglu E,Bilal B,Narayanan M,Tulgar s The Shining Star of the Last Decade in Regional Anesthesia Part-I: Interfascial Plane Blocks for Breast, Thoracic, and Orthopedic Surgery. . 2022; 97 - 105. 10.5152/eurasianjmed.2022.22321
IEEE Ahiskalioglu A,Yayik A,Çelik E,AYDIN M,Çiftçi B,Oral Ahiskalioglu E,Bilal B,Narayanan M,Tulgar s "The Shining Star of the Last Decade in Regional Anesthesia Part-I: Interfascial Plane Blocks for Breast, Thoracic, and Orthopedic Surgery." , ss.97 - 105, 2022. 10.5152/eurasianjmed.2022.22321
ISNAD Ahiskalioglu, Ali vd. "The Shining Star of the Last Decade in Regional Anesthesia Part-I: Interfascial Plane Blocks for Breast, Thoracic, and Orthopedic Surgery". (2022), 97-105. https://doi.org/10.5152/eurasianjmed.2022.22321
APA Ahiskalioglu A, Yayik A, Çelik E, AYDIN M, Çiftçi B, Oral Ahiskalioglu E, Bilal B, Narayanan M, Tulgar s (2022). The Shining Star of the Last Decade in Regional Anesthesia Part-I: Interfascial Plane Blocks for Breast, Thoracic, and Orthopedic Surgery. Eurasian Journal of Medicine, 54(1), 97 - 105. 10.5152/eurasianjmed.2022.22321
Chicago Ahiskalioglu Ali,Yayik Ahmet Murat,Çelik Erkan Cem,AYDIN Muhammed Enes,Çiftçi Bahadır,Oral Ahiskalioglu Elif,Bilal Bora,Narayanan Madan,Tulgar serkan The Shining Star of the Last Decade in Regional Anesthesia Part-I: Interfascial Plane Blocks for Breast, Thoracic, and Orthopedic Surgery. Eurasian Journal of Medicine 54, no.1 (2022): 97 - 105. 10.5152/eurasianjmed.2022.22321
MLA Ahiskalioglu Ali,Yayik Ahmet Murat,Çelik Erkan Cem,AYDIN Muhammed Enes,Çiftçi Bahadır,Oral Ahiskalioglu Elif,Bilal Bora,Narayanan Madan,Tulgar serkan The Shining Star of the Last Decade in Regional Anesthesia Part-I: Interfascial Plane Blocks for Breast, Thoracic, and Orthopedic Surgery. Eurasian Journal of Medicine, vol.54, no.1, 2022, ss.97 - 105. 10.5152/eurasianjmed.2022.22321
AMA Ahiskalioglu A,Yayik A,Çelik E,AYDIN M,Çiftçi B,Oral Ahiskalioglu E,Bilal B,Narayanan M,Tulgar s The Shining Star of the Last Decade in Regional Anesthesia Part-I: Interfascial Plane Blocks for Breast, Thoracic, and Orthopedic Surgery. Eurasian Journal of Medicine. 2022; 54(1): 97 - 105. 10.5152/eurasianjmed.2022.22321
Vancouver Ahiskalioglu A,Yayik A,Çelik E,AYDIN M,Çiftçi B,Oral Ahiskalioglu E,Bilal B,Narayanan M,Tulgar s The Shining Star of the Last Decade in Regional Anesthesia Part-I: Interfascial Plane Blocks for Breast, Thoracic, and Orthopedic Surgery. Eurasian Journal of Medicine. 2022; 54(1): 97 - 105. 10.5152/eurasianjmed.2022.22321
IEEE Ahiskalioglu A,Yayik A,Çelik E,AYDIN M,Çiftçi B,Oral Ahiskalioglu E,Bilal B,Narayanan M,Tulgar s "The Shining Star of the Last Decade in Regional Anesthesia Part-I: Interfascial Plane Blocks for Breast, Thoracic, and Orthopedic Surgery." Eurasian Journal of Medicine, 54, ss.97 - 105, 2022. 10.5152/eurasianjmed.2022.22321
ISNAD Ahiskalioglu, Ali vd. "The Shining Star of the Last Decade in Regional Anesthesia Part-I: Interfascial Plane Blocks for Breast, Thoracic, and Orthopedic Surgery". Eurasian Journal of Medicine 54/1 (2022), 97-105. https://doi.org/10.5152/eurasianjmed.2022.22321