ANTI-ARTHRITIC ACTIVITY OF SANGUISORBA MINOR SUBSP. BALEARICA AGAINST FREUND’S COMPLETE ADJUVANT-INDUCED ARTHRITIS IN RATS
Yıl: 2023 Cilt: 47 Sayı: 2 Sayfa Aralığı: 576 - 587 Metin Dili: İngilizce DOI: 10.33483/jfpau.1254518 İndeks Tarihi: 26-05-2023
ANTI-ARTHRITIC ACTIVITY OF SANGUISORBA MINOR SUBSP. BALEARICA AGAINST FREUND’S COMPLETE ADJUVANT-INDUCED ARTHRITIS IN RATS
Öz: Objective: Therapeutic properties of Sanguisorba L. genus plants are supported by numerous in vivo and in vitro studies showing the anti-viral, anti-ulcerogenic, anti-cancer, anti-acetylcholinesterase, radioprotective, anti-allergic, and anti-inflammatory activities. The present study was designed to investigate anti-arthritic activity of the “Sanguisorba minor subsp. balearica (Bourg. ex Nyman) Muñoz Garm. & C.Navarro” (Smb), a subspecies of Sanguisorba L. genus, on Complete Freund’s Adjuvant induced (CFA-induced) arthritic rat model. Material and Method: The extract of aerial parts of the Smb was obtained by the consecutive steps of maceration process. The phytochemical content of the extract was analyzed by the High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) method. Complete Freund’s Adjuvant-induced arthritic rats were used to examine the anti-arthritic activity of the plant extract. Result and Discussion: HPLC analysis revealed a high amount of phenolic compounds in the Smb extract. The identified phenolics are ellagic acid, gallic acid, quercetin dehydrate and p-coumaric acid with the concentrations of 4.1288; 2.6342; 0.0871 and 0.0633 ppm, respectively. Injection of Smb extract caused a decrease in paw thickness in the CFA-induced arthritic animals. The decrease in paw thicknesses of animals treated by quercetin and Smb 70 mg/kg groups was higher than diclofenac sodium group. Smb 34 mg/kg group also showed a decrease in paw thickness, but it was lower compared to quercetin and Smb 70 mg/kg groups and higher than the diclofenac sodium group. According to the histopathological evaluations of the joint tissues, both 34 mg/kg and 70 mg/kg Smb extract treatment were improved the inflammatory deformations related to arthritis on the rats.
Anahtar Kelime: SANGUISORBA MINOR SUBSP. BALEARICA’NIN FREUND’S COMPLETE ADJUVAN İLE OLUŞTURULMUŞ ARTRİTLİ RAT MODELİNDE ANTİ-ARTRİTİK AKTİVİTESİ
Öz: Amaç: Sanguisorba L. cinsine ait bitkilerin tedavi edici özellikleri pek çok in vivo ve in vitro çalışma ile araştırılmış olup; anti-viral, anti-ülserojenik, anti-kanser, anti-asetilkolinesteraz, radyasyon koruyucu, anti-alerjik ve anti-enflamatuvar etkileri gösterilmiştir. Çalışmamız, Sanguisorba L. cinsine ait bir alt tür olan “Sanguisorba minor subsp. balearica (Bourg. ex Nyman) Muñoz Garm. & C.Navarro” (Smb) bitkisinin artrit modeli oluşturulmuş ratlarda anti-artritik etkisini araştırmayı amaçlamaktadır. Gereç ve Yöntem: Smb’nin toprak üstü kısımlarının ekstresi birbirini takip eden aşamalardan oluşan maserasyon yöntemi ile elde edilmiştir. Ekstrenin fitokimyasal içeriği Yüksek Performanslı Sıvı Kromatografisi (YPSK) metodu kullanılarak tayin edilmiştir. Anti-artritik etkinliğin araştırılması için Freund’s Complete Adjuvan (CFA) ile indüklenerek oluşturulmuş artritli ratlar kullanılmıştır. Sonuç ve Tartışma: YPSK analiz sonuçları Smb ekstresinin yüksek miktardaki fenolik içeriğini ortaya koymuştur. Tanımlanan fenolikler şu şekildedir; elajik asit , gallik asit, kuversetin dehidrat ve p-kumarik asittir ve tespit edilen miktarları sırasıyla 4.1288;2.6342; 0.0871 and 0.0633 ppm.’dir. Bitki ekstresi uygulanması CFA ile indüklenen artritli ratların ayak bölgelerindeki enflamasyonda bir azalmaya sebep olmuştur. Enflamasyon miktarındaki en yüksek baskılanma kuversetin ve Smb 70 mg/kg uygulanan grupta tespit edilmiştir ve bu etki diklofenak uygulanan gruptan daha yüksektir. Smb 34 mg/kg uygulanan grupta enflamasyon yine diklofenak uygulanan gruptan daha yüksek oranda baskılanmıştır. Ayak eklemlerinden alınan mikro kesitlere yapılan histopatolojik analizlere göre hem 34 mg. hem de 70 mg. Smb ekstresi artrite bağlı enflamatuvar deformasyonu iyileştirmiştir.
Anahtar Kelime: Belge Türü: Makale Makale Türü: Araştırma Makalesi Erişim Türü: Erişime Açık
- 1. Crowson, C.S., Matteson, E.L., Myasoedova, E., Michet, C.J., Ernste, F.C., Warrington, K.J., Davis, J.M., Hunder, G.G., Therneau, T.M., Gabriel, S.E. (2011). The lifetime risk of adult onset rheumatoid arthritis and other inflammatory autoimmune rheumatic diseases. Arthritis and Rheumatism, 63(3), 633-639. [CrossRef]
- 2. Singh, J.A., Saag, K.G., Bridges Jr, S.L., Akl, E.A., Bannuru, R.R., Sullivan, M.C., Vaysbrot, E., McNaughton, C., Osani, M., Shmerling, R.H., Curtis, J.R., Furst, D.E., Parks, D., Kavanaugh, A., O'Dell, J., King, C., Leong, A., Matteson, E.L., Schousboe, J.T., Drevlow, B., Ginsberg, S., Grober, J., St. Clair, E.W., Tindall, E., Miller, A.S., McAlindon, T. (2016). 2015 American College of Rheumatology guideline for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis and Rheumatology, 68(1), 1-26. [CrossRef]
- 3. Goulielmos, G.N., Zervou, M.I., Myrthianou, E., Burska, A., Niewold, T.B., Ponchel, F. (2016). Genetic data: The new challenge of personalized medicine, insights for rheumatoid arthritis patients. Gene, 583(2), 90-101. [CrossRef]
- 4. Zampeli, E., Vlachoyiannopoulos, P.G., and Tzioufas, A.G. (2015). Treatment of rheumatoid arthritis: unraveling the conundrum. Journal of Autoimmunity, 65, 1-18. [CrossRef]
- 5. He, Y., Wong, A., Chan, E.W., Lau, W.C., Man, K.K., Chui, C.S., Worsley, A.J., Wong, I.C. (2013). Efficacy and safety of tofacitinib in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders, 14(1), 1-12. [CrossRef]
- 6. Yamanaka, H., Tanaka, Y., Takeuchi, T., Sugiyama, N., Yuasa, H., Toyoizumi, S., Morishima, Y., Hirose, T., Zwillich, S. (2016). Tofacitinib, an oral Janus kinase inhibitor, as monotherapy or with background methotrexate, in Japanese patients with rheumatoid arthritis: an open-label, long-term extension study. Arthritis Research and Therapy, 18, 1-12. [CrossRef]
- 7. Shah, S.U.A., Jawed, H., Awan, S.I., Anjum, S., Simjee, S.U. (2013). The anti-arthritic and immune-modulatory effects of NHAG: a novel glucosamine analogue in adjuvant-induced arthritis. BioMed Research International, 2013, 487610. [CrossRef]
- 8. Ross, I.A. (2005). Medicinal plants of the world: Chemical constituents, traditional and modern medicinal uses, vol.3, New York: Humana Press, USA, p.224. [CrossRef]
- 9. Karkanis, A., Vellios, E., Thomaidis, T., Bilalis, D., Efthimiadou, A., Travlos, I. (2014). Phytochemistry and biological properties of burnet weed (Sanguisorba spp.): A review. Notulae Scientia Biologicae, 6(4), 395-398. [CrossRef]
- 10. Arihan, O., Özbek, H., and Özkan, A.G. (2015). Anti-inflammatory effects of Sanguisorba minor Scop. subsp. muricata (Spach) Briq. and Cirsium libanoticum DC. subsp. lycaonicum (Boiss. and Heldr.) Davis and Parris in rat. Eastern Journal of Medicine, 20(2), 81-85.
- 11. Baytop, T. (1994). Türkçe Bitki Adları Sözlüğü. Türk Dil Kurumu Yayınları. In, (Anonymus) pp.578.
- 12. Baytop, T. (1999). Türkiye'de Bitkiler ile Tedavi, Geçmişte ve Bugün. In, (Anonymus) pp.139, Nobel Tıp Kitabevleri Ltd. Şti. İstanbul.
- 13. Bulut, G., Tuzlaci, E. (2013). An ethnobotanical study of medicinal plants in Turgutlu (Manisa-Turkey). Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 149(3), 633-647. [CrossRef]
- 14. Dogan, A., Bulut, G., Senkardes, I., Tuzlacı, E. (2016). An ethnopharmacological analysis of rosaceae taxa in Turkey. In WEI International Academic Conference Proceedings. Boston. USA (Vol. 44, p. 51).
- 15. Karaköse, M., Karaköse, G.Ç. (2017). Medicinal and aromatic plants of Esenli (Giresun) forest planning unit. International Journal of Secondary Metabolite, 4(3, Special Issue 1), 285-305. [CrossRef]
- 16. Durbilmez, G.D., Karakuş, M.M., Koca-Çalışkan U. (2021). Phytotherapeutic options in thyroid function disorders. Journal of Traditional and Complementary Medicine, 4(1), 131-46. [CrossRef]
- 17. Ranfa, A., Maurizi, A., Romano, B., Bodesmo, M. (2014). The importance of traditional uses and nutraceutical aspects of some edible wild plants in human nutrition: the case of Umbria (central Italy). Plant Biosystems-An International Journal Dealing with all Aspects of Plant Biology, Official Journal of the Societa Botanica Italiana, 148(2), 297-306. [CrossRef]
- 18. Abad, M.J., Guerra, J.A., Bermejo, P., Irurzun, A., Carrasco, L. (2000). Search for antiviral activity in higher plant extracts. Phytotherapy Research: An International Journal Devoted to Pharmacological and Toxicological Evaluation of Natural Product Derivatives, 14(8), 604-607. [CrossRef]
- 19. Gürbüz, I., Özkan, A.M., Yesilada, E., Kutsal, O. (2005). Anti-ulcerogenic activity of some plants used in folk medicine of Pinarbasi (Kayseri, Turkey). Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 101(1-3), 313-318. [CrossRef]
- 20. Goun, E.A., Petrichenko, V.M., Solodnikov, S.U., Suhinina, T.V., Kline, M.A., Cunningham, G., Nguyen, C., Miles, H. (2002). Anticancer and antithrombin activity of Russian plants. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 81(3), 337-342. [CrossRef]
- 21. Cuccioloni, M., Bonfili, L., Mozzicafreddo, M., Cecarini, V., Eleuteri, A.M., Angeletti, M. (2012). Sanguisorba minor extract suppresses plasmin-mediated mechanisms of cancer cell migration. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA)-General Subjects, 1820(7), 1027-1034. [CrossRef]
- 22. Ferreira, A., Proença, C., Serralheiro, M.L.M., Araujo, M.E.M. (2006). The in vitro screening for acetylcholinesterase inhibition and antioxidant activity of medicinal plants from Portugal. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 108(1), 31-37. [CrossRef]
- 23. Zbikowska, H.M., Szejk, M., Saluk, J., Pawlaczyk-Graja, I., Gancarz, R., Olejnik, A.K. (2016). Polyphenolic–polysaccharide conjugates from plants of rosaceae/asteraceae family as potential radioprotectors. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 86, 329-337. [CrossRef]
- 24. Cai, Z., Li, W., Wang, H., Yan, W., Zhou, Y., Wang, G., Cui, J., Wang, F. (2012). Anti-tumor and immunomodulating activities of a polysaccharide from the root of Sanguisorba officinalis L. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 51(4), 484-488. [CrossRef]
- 25. Zhang, J.M., An, J. (2007). Cytokines, inflammation and pain. International Anesthesiology Clinics, 45(2), 27. [CrossRef]
- 26. Shin, T.Y., Lee, K.B., Kim, S.H. (2002). Anti-allergic effects of Sanguisorba officinalis on animal models of allergic reactions. Immunopharmacology and Immunotoxicology, 24(3), 455-468. [CrossRef]
- 27. Ravipati, A.S., Zhang, L., Koyyalamudi, S.R., Jeong, S.C., Reddy, N., Bartlett, J., Smith, P.T., Shanmugam, K., Münch, G., Wu, M.J., Satyanarayanan, M., Vysetti, B. (2012). Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of selected Chinese medicinal plants and their relation with antioxidant content. BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 12(1), 1-14. [CrossRef]
- 28. Yu, T., Lee, Y.J., Yang, H.M., Han, S., Kim, J.H., Lee, Y.,Kim, C., Han, M.H., Kim, M.Y., Lee, J., Cho, J.Y. (2011). Inhibitory effect of Sanguisorba officinalis ethanol extract on NO and PGE2 production is mediated by suppression of NF-κB and AP-1 activation signaling cascade. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 134(1), 11-17. [CrossRef]
- 29. Yang, J.H., Hwang, Y.H., Gu, M.J., Cho, W.K., Ma, J.Y. (2015). Ethanol extracts of Sanguisorba officinalis L. suppress TNF-α/IFN-γ-induced pro-inflammatory chemokine production in HaCaT cells. Phytomedicine, 22(14), 1262-1268. [CrossRef]
- 30. Escobedo-Martínez, C., Guzmán-Gutiérrez, S.L., Hernández-Méndez, M. de L.M., Cassani, J., Trujillo-Valdivia, A., Orozco-Castellanos, L.M., Enríquez, R.G. (2017). Heliopsis longipes: Anti-arthritic activity evaluated in a freund’s adjuvant-induced model in rodents. Revista Brasileira de Farmacognosia, 27(2), 214–219. [CrossRef]
- 31. Ruckmani, A., Meti, V., Vijayashree, R., Arunkumar, R., Konda, V.R., Prabhu, L., Madhavi, E., Devi, S. (2018). Anti-rheumatoid activity of ethanolic extract of Sesamum indicum seed extract in Freund's complete adjuvant induced arthritis in Wistar albino rats. Journal of Traditional and Complementary Medicine, 8(3), 377-386. [CrossRef]
- 32. Shi, F., Zhou, D., Ji, Z., Xu, Z., Yang, H. (2015). Anti-arthritic activity of luteolin in Freund’s complete adjuvant-induced arthritis in rats by suppressing P2X4 pathway. Chemico-Biological Interactions, 226, 82-87. [CrossRef]
- 33. Sun, T., Wang, J., Li, X., Li, Y.J., Feng, D., Shi, W.L., Wu, Y.M. (2016). Gastrodin relieved complete Freund’s adjuvant-induced spontaneous pain by inhibiting inflammatory response. International Immunopharmacology, 41, 66-73. [CrossRef]
- 34. Tawfik, M.K. (2015). Combination of coenzyme Q10 with methotrexate suppresses Freund’s complete adjuvant-induced synovial inflammation with reduced hepatotoxicity in rats: effect on oxidative stress and inflammation. International Immunopharmacology, 24(1), 80-87. [CrossRef]
- 35. Vijayalaxmi, A., Bakshi, V., Begum, N., Kowmudi, V., Naveen, K.Y., Reddy, Y. (2015). Anti-arthritic and anti inflammatory activity of beta caryophyllene against Freund’s complete adjuvant induced arthritis in wistar rats. Bone Reports and Recommendations, 1(1), 1-10.
- 36. Mossiat, C., Laroche, D., Prati, C., Pozzo, T., Demougeot, C., Marie, C. (2015). Association between arthritis score at the onset of the disease and long-term locomotor outcome in adjuvant-induced arthritis in rats. Arthritis Research and Therapy, 17(1), 1-12. [CrossRef]
- 37. Pfeil, A., Oelzner, P., Bornholdt, K., Hansch, A., Lehmann, G., Renz, D.M., Wolf, G., Böttcher, J. (2013). Joint damage in rheumatoid arthritis: assessment of a new scoring method. Arthritis Research and Therapy, 15(1), 1-10. [CrossRef]
- 38. Bais, S., Abrol, N., Prashar, Y. (2017). Modulatory effect of standardised amentoflavone isolated from Juniperus communis L. agianst Freund’s adjuvant induced arthritis in rats (histopathological and X Ray anaysis). Biomedicine and Pharmacotherapy, 86, 381-392. [CrossRef]
- 39. Impellizzeri, D., Cordaro, M., Bruschetta, G., Crupi, R., Pascali, J., Alfonsi, D., Marcolonge, G., Cuzzocrea, S. (2016). 2-pentadecyl-2-oxazoline: Identification in coffee, synthesis and activity in a rat model of carrageenan-induced hindpaw inflammation. Pharmacological Research, 108, 23-30. [CrossRef]
- 40. Guarrera, P.M., Savo,V. (2013). Perceived health properties of wild and cultivated food plants in local and popular traditions of Italy: a review. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 146(3), 659-680. [CrossRef]
- 41. Ayoub, N.A. (2003). Unique phenolic carboxylic acids from Sanguisorba minor. Phytochemistry, 63(4), 433-436. [CrossRef]
- 42. Liu, X., Cui, Y., Yu, Q., Yu, B. (2005). Triterpenoids from Sanguisorba officinalis. Phytochemistry, 66(14), 1671-1679. [CrossRef]
- 43. Hu, J., Shi, X.D., Chen, J.G., Li, C.S. (2012). Two new rhamnopyranosides of neolignans from Sanguisorba officinalis. Journal of Asian Natural Products Research, 14(2), 171-175. [CrossRef]
- 44. Hachiya, A., Kobayashi, A., Ohuchi, A., Kitahara, T., Takema, Y. (2001). The inhibitory effect of an extract of Sanguisorba officinalis L. on ultraviolet B-induced pigmentation via the suppression of endothelin-converting enzyme-1α. Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin, 24(6), 688-692. [CrossRef]
- 45. Kim, Y.H., Chung, C.B., Kim, J.G., Ko, K.I., Park, S.H., Kim, J.H., Eom, S.Y., Kim, Y.S., Hwang, Y.I., Kim, K.H. (2008). Anti-wrinkle activity of ziyuglycoside I isolated from a Sanguisorba officinalis root extract and its application as a cosmeceutical ingredient. Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry, 72(2), 303-311. [CrossRef]
- 46. Chen, J.F., Tan, L., Ju, F., Kuang, Q.X., Yang, T.L., Deng, F., Gu, Y.C., Jiang, L.S., Deng, Y., Guo, D.L. (2022). Phenolic glycosides from Sanguisorba officinalis and their anti-inflammatory effects. Natural Product Research, 36(8), 2097-2104. [CrossRef]
- 47. Henson, E.C., Brunson, J.G. (1970). Studies of adjuvant-induced arthritis in the albino rat (CFN strain). Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases, 29(2), 185. [CrossRef]
- 48. Jagadish, P.C., Latha, K.P., Mudgal, J., Nampurath, G.K. (2016). Extraction, characterization and evaluation of Kaempferia galanga L.(Zingiberaceae) rhizome extracts against acute and chronic inflammation in rats. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 194, 434-439. [CrossRef]
- 49. Blumenthal, K.G., Lai, K.H., Huang, M., Wallace, Z.S., Wickner, P.G., Zhou, L. (2017). Adverse and hypersensitivity reactions to prescription nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents in a large health care system. The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology: In Practice, 5(3), 737-743. [CrossRef]
- 50. Tabas, I., Glass, C.K. (2013). Anti-inflammatory therapy in chronic disease: challenges and opportunities. Science, 339(6116), 166-172. [CrossRef]
| APA | İnan Genç A, GENÇLER OZKAN A, ADALI O (2023). ANTI-ARTHRITIC ACTIVITY OF SANGUISORBA MINOR SUBSP. BALEARICA AGAINST FREUND’S COMPLETE ADJUVANT-INDUCED ARTHRITIS IN RATS. , 576 - 587. 10.33483/jfpau.1254518 |
| Chicago | İnan Genç Aysun,GENÇLER OZKAN AYSE MINE,ADALI ORHAN ANTI-ARTHRITIC ACTIVITY OF SANGUISORBA MINOR SUBSP. BALEARICA AGAINST FREUND’S COMPLETE ADJUVANT-INDUCED ARTHRITIS IN RATS. (2023): 576 - 587. 10.33483/jfpau.1254518 |
| MLA | İnan Genç Aysun,GENÇLER OZKAN AYSE MINE,ADALI ORHAN ANTI-ARTHRITIC ACTIVITY OF SANGUISORBA MINOR SUBSP. BALEARICA AGAINST FREUND’S COMPLETE ADJUVANT-INDUCED ARTHRITIS IN RATS. , 2023, ss.576 - 587. 10.33483/jfpau.1254518 |
| AMA | İnan Genç A,GENÇLER OZKAN A,ADALI O ANTI-ARTHRITIC ACTIVITY OF SANGUISORBA MINOR SUBSP. BALEARICA AGAINST FREUND’S COMPLETE ADJUVANT-INDUCED ARTHRITIS IN RATS. . 2023; 576 - 587. 10.33483/jfpau.1254518 |
| Vancouver | İnan Genç A,GENÇLER OZKAN A,ADALI O ANTI-ARTHRITIC ACTIVITY OF SANGUISORBA MINOR SUBSP. BALEARICA AGAINST FREUND’S COMPLETE ADJUVANT-INDUCED ARTHRITIS IN RATS. . 2023; 576 - 587. 10.33483/jfpau.1254518 |
| IEEE | İnan Genç A,GENÇLER OZKAN A,ADALI O "ANTI-ARTHRITIC ACTIVITY OF SANGUISORBA MINOR SUBSP. BALEARICA AGAINST FREUND’S COMPLETE ADJUVANT-INDUCED ARTHRITIS IN RATS." , ss.576 - 587, 2023. 10.33483/jfpau.1254518 |
| ISNAD | İnan Genç, Aysun vd. "ANTI-ARTHRITIC ACTIVITY OF SANGUISORBA MINOR SUBSP. BALEARICA AGAINST FREUND’S COMPLETE ADJUVANT-INDUCED ARTHRITIS IN RATS". (2023), 576-587. https://doi.org/10.33483/jfpau.1254518 |
| APA | İnan Genç A, GENÇLER OZKAN A, ADALI O (2023). ANTI-ARTHRITIC ACTIVITY OF SANGUISORBA MINOR SUBSP. BALEARICA AGAINST FREUND’S COMPLETE ADJUVANT-INDUCED ARTHRITIS IN RATS. Ankara Üniversitesi Eczacılık Fakültesi Dergisi, 47(2), 576 - 587. 10.33483/jfpau.1254518 |
| Chicago | İnan Genç Aysun,GENÇLER OZKAN AYSE MINE,ADALI ORHAN ANTI-ARTHRITIC ACTIVITY OF SANGUISORBA MINOR SUBSP. BALEARICA AGAINST FREUND’S COMPLETE ADJUVANT-INDUCED ARTHRITIS IN RATS. Ankara Üniversitesi Eczacılık Fakültesi Dergisi 47, no.2 (2023): 576 - 587. 10.33483/jfpau.1254518 |
| MLA | İnan Genç Aysun,GENÇLER OZKAN AYSE MINE,ADALI ORHAN ANTI-ARTHRITIC ACTIVITY OF SANGUISORBA MINOR SUBSP. BALEARICA AGAINST FREUND’S COMPLETE ADJUVANT-INDUCED ARTHRITIS IN RATS. Ankara Üniversitesi Eczacılık Fakültesi Dergisi, vol.47, no.2, 2023, ss.576 - 587. 10.33483/jfpau.1254518 |
| AMA | İnan Genç A,GENÇLER OZKAN A,ADALI O ANTI-ARTHRITIC ACTIVITY OF SANGUISORBA MINOR SUBSP. BALEARICA AGAINST FREUND’S COMPLETE ADJUVANT-INDUCED ARTHRITIS IN RATS. Ankara Üniversitesi Eczacılık Fakültesi Dergisi. 2023; 47(2): 576 - 587. 10.33483/jfpau.1254518 |
| Vancouver | İnan Genç A,GENÇLER OZKAN A,ADALI O ANTI-ARTHRITIC ACTIVITY OF SANGUISORBA MINOR SUBSP. BALEARICA AGAINST FREUND’S COMPLETE ADJUVANT-INDUCED ARTHRITIS IN RATS. Ankara Üniversitesi Eczacılık Fakültesi Dergisi. 2023; 47(2): 576 - 587. 10.33483/jfpau.1254518 |
| IEEE | İnan Genç A,GENÇLER OZKAN A,ADALI O "ANTI-ARTHRITIC ACTIVITY OF SANGUISORBA MINOR SUBSP. BALEARICA AGAINST FREUND’S COMPLETE ADJUVANT-INDUCED ARTHRITIS IN RATS." Ankara Üniversitesi Eczacılık Fakültesi Dergisi, 47, ss.576 - 587, 2023. 10.33483/jfpau.1254518 |
| ISNAD | İnan Genç, Aysun vd. "ANTI-ARTHRITIC ACTIVITY OF SANGUISORBA MINOR SUBSP. BALEARICA AGAINST FREUND’S COMPLETE ADJUVANT-INDUCED ARTHRITIS IN RATS". Ankara Üniversitesi Eczacılık Fakültesi Dergisi 47/2 (2023), 576-587. https://doi.org/10.33483/jfpau.1254518 |
