Hand Grip Strength as a Marker of Physical Fitness and Its Association to Body Symmetry in Young Adults: An Anthropological Approach

Berna ERTUĞRUL ÖZENER, (İstanbul Üniversitesi, Edebiyat Fakültesi, Antropoloji Bölümü, İstanbul, Türkiye)
Muhammet Fatih AYDIK (İstanbul Üniversitesi, Edebiyat Fakültesi, Antropoloji Bölümü, İstanbul, Türkiye)
Current Research in Social Sciences
1 0
Yıl: 2023 Cilt: 9 Sayı: 1 Sayfa Aralığı: 58 - 68 Metin Dili: İngilizce DOI: 10.30613/curesosc.1195115 İndeks Tarihi: 21-08-2023

Hand Grip Strength as a Marker of Physical Fitness and Its Association to Body Symmetry in Young Adults: An Anthropological Approach

Öz:
Some research in the field of anthropology provides some evidence that higher hand grip strength and a symmetrical body are reliable indicators of health and fitness. In this study, we consider the relationship between these two indicators in healthy young individuals. In the study, 185 university students (87 males and 97 females) were examined. In addition to the weight and height of the students, eight bilateral traits were measured with an accuracy of 0.01 mm to evaluate their bodily symmetry, and their hand grip strength was determined with a hand dynamometer by applying the Southampton protocol. The composite fluctuating asymmetry formula was used to standardize the bodily symmetries of individuals. Analyzes show that women have a more symmetrical body structure and lower hand grip strength scores than men. When the effect of weight and body mass index was controlled, no correlation was observed between composite fluctuating asymmetry and hand grip strength in both sexes. As a conclusion, contrary to the literature results, it is seen that there is no significant relationship between hand grip strength and body symmetry, which are accepted as reliable indicators of health and physical fitness. In addition, our findings support the view that fluctuating asymmetry is not a reliable indicator to predict an individual's physical fitness and developmental quality.
Anahtar Kelime: Developmental Instability Body Symmetry Physical Fitness Hand Grip Strength

Genç Yetişkinlerde Fiziksel Uygunluğun Bir Göstergesi Olan El Kavrama Kuvvetinin Bedensel Simetri ile İlişkisi: Antropolojik Bir Yaklaşım

Öz:
Antropoloji alanında yürütülmüş bazı araştırmalar, yüksek el kavrama kuvvetinin simetrik bir vücudun, sağlık ve fiziksel uygunluğun güvenilir göstergeleri olduğuna dair bazı kanıtlar ortaya koymaktadır. Bu çalışmada sağlıklı genç bireylerde bu iki gösterge arasındaki ilişkiyi ele alıyoruz. Araştırmada 185 üniversite öğrencisi (87 erkek ve 97 kadın) incelenmiştir. Öğrencilerin vücut simetrilerini değerlendirmek için ağırlık ve boylarının yanı sıra 0.01 mm hassasiyetle sekiz bilateral karakter ölçülmüş ve Southampton protokolü uygulanarak el dinamometresi ile el kavrama kuvvetleri belirlenmiştir. Bireylerin vücut simetrilerini standardize etmek için bileşik dalgalı asimetri formülü kullanılmıştır. Analizler, kadınların erkeklere göre daha simetrik bir vücut yapısına ve daha düşük el kavrama kuvvetine sahip olduğunu göstermektedir. Ağırlık ve beden kitle indeksinin etkisi kontrol altına alındığında ise her iki cinsiyette de bileşik dalgalı asimetri ile el kavrama kuvveti arasında bir ilişki gözlenmemiştir. Sonuç olarak, alan yazın bulgularının aksine sağlık ve fiziksel uygunluğun güvenilir göstergeleri olarak kabul edilen el kavrama kuvveti ve vücut simetrisi arasında anlamlı bir ilişki olmadığı görülmektedir. Ayrıca bulgularımız, dalgalı asimetrinin bireyin fiziksel uygunluğunu ve gelişim kalitesini tahmin etmek için güvenilir bir gösterge olmadığı görüşünü de desteklemektedir.
Anahtar Kelime: Gelişimsel İstikrarsızlık Beden Simetrisi Fiziksel Uygunluk El Kavrama Kuvveti

Belge Türü: Makale Makale Türü: Araştırma Makalesi Erişim Türü: Erişime Açık
  • Bohannon, R. W. (2008). Hand-grip dynamometry predicts future outcomes in aging adults. Journal of Geriatric Physical Therapy, 31, 3–10. https://doi.org/10.1519/00139143-200831010-00002
  • Cao, C., Liu, Q., Yang, L., Zheng, X., Lan, P., Koyanagi, A., Vancampfort, D., Soysal, P., Veronese, N., Stubbs, B., Firth, J., & Smith, L. (2020). Handgrip strength is associated with suicidal thoughts in men: Cross-sectional analyses from NHANES. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports, 30(1), 92–99. https://doi.org/10.1111/sms.13559
  • Cima, S. R., Barone, A., Porto, J. M., & de Abreu, D. C. (2013). Strengthening exercises to improve hand strength and functionality in rheumatoid arthritis with hand deformities: a randomized, controlled trial. Rheumatology International, 33(3), 725–732. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00296-012-2447-8
  • Cooper, R., Kuh, D., Hardy, R., Mortality Review Group, & FALCon and HALCyon Study Teams (2010). Objectively measured physical capability levels and mortality: systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ (Clinical research ed.), 341, c4467. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.c4467
  • Cronin, J., Lawton, T., Harris, N., Kilding, A., & McMaster, D. T. (2017). A Brief Review of Handgrip Strength and Sport Performance. Journal of strength and conditioning research, 31(11), 3187–3217. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0000000000002149
  • Ekrami, O., Claes, P., Van Assche, E., Shriver, M. D., Weinberg, S. M., Marazita, M. L., Walsh, S., & Van Dongen, S. (2021). Fluctuating asymmetry and sexual dimorphism in human facial morphology: A multi-variate study. Symmetry, 13(2), 304. https://doi.org/10.3390/sym13020304
  • Fallahi, A. A., & Jadidian, A. A. (2011). The effect of hand dimensions, hand shape and some anthropometric characteristics on handgrip strength in male grip athletes and non-athletes. Journal of Human Kinetics, 29, 151–159. https://doi.org/10.2478/v10078-011-0049-2
  • Fink, B., Weege, B., Manning, J. T., & Trivers, R. (2014). Body symmetry and physical strength in human males. American Journal of Human Biology: the official journal of the Human Biology Council, 26(5), 697–700. https://doi.org/10.1002/ajhb.22584
  • Gangestad, S. W., & Thornhill, R. (2003). Facial masculinity and fluctuating asymmetry. Evolution and Human Behavior, 24(4), 231–241. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1090-5138(03)00017-5
  • Gordon, B. R., McDowell, C. P., Lyons, M., & Herring, M. P. (2019). Associations between grip strength and generalized anxiety disorder in older adults: Results from the Irish longitudinal study on ageing. Journal of Affective Disorders, 255, 136–141. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2019.05.043
  • Graham, J. H. (2021). Fluctuating asymmetry and developmental instability, a guide to best practice. Symmetry 13(1), 9. https://doi.org/10.3390/sym13010009
  • Gray, P. B., & Marlowe, F. (2002). Fluctuating asymmetry of a foraging population: the Hadza of Tanzania. Annals of Human Biology, 29(5), 495–501. https://doi.org/10.1080/03014460110112060
  • Grubbs, F. E. (1950). Sample criteria for testing outlying observations. The Annals of Mathematical Statistics, 21(1), 27–58. http://www.jstor.org/stable/2236553
  • Huang, L., Liu, Y., Lin, T., Hou, L., Song, Q., Ge, N., & Yue, J. (2022). Reliability and validity of two hand dynamometers when used by community-dwelling adults aged over 50 years. BMC geriatrics, 22(1), 580. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12877-022-03270-6
  • Isen, J., McGue, M., & Iacono, W. (2014). Genetic influences on the development of grip strength in adolescence. American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 154(2), 189–200. https://doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.22492
  • Jung, M.-C., & Hallbeck, M. S. (1999). The effects of instruction, verbal encouragement, and visual feedback on static handgrip strength. Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, 43(12), 703–707. https://doi.org/10.1177/154193129904301215
  • Laukkanen, J. A., Voutilainen, A., Kurl, S., Araujo, C. G. S., Jae, S. Y., & Kunutsor, S. K. (2020). Handgrip strength is inversely associated with fatal cardiovascular and all-cause mortality events. Annals of Medicine, 52(3-4), 109–119. https://doi.org/10.1080/07853890.2020.1748220
  • Leung, B., Forbes, M. R., & Houle, D. (2000). Fluctuating asymmetry as a bioindicator of stress: Comparing efficacy of analyses involving multiple traits. The American Naturalist, 155(1), 101–115. https://doi.org/10.1086/303298
  • Manning, J. T., Fink, B., Neave, N., & Szwed, A. (2006). The second to fourth digit ratio and asymmetry. Annals of Human Biology, 33(4), 480–492. https://doi.org/10.1080/03014460600802551
  • Marconcin, P., Peralta, M., Ferrari, G., Gaspar de Matos, M., Espanha, M., Murawska-Ciałowicz, E., & Marques, A. (2020). The association of grip strength with depressive symptoms among middle-aged and older adults with different chronic diseases. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(19), 6942. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17196942
  • Massy-Westropp, N. M., Gill, T. K., Taylor, A. W., Bohannon, R. W., & Hill, C. L. (2011). Hand Grip Strength: age and gender stratified normative data in a population-based study. BMC Research Notes, 4, 127. https://doi.org/10.1186/1756-0500-4-127
  • Mathiowetz, V., Kashman, N., Volland, G., Weber, K., Dowe, M., & Rogers, S. (1985). Grip and pinch strength: normative data for adults. Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitation, 66(2), 69–74.
  • Morlino, D., Marra, M., Cioffi, I., Sammarco, R., Speranza, E., Di Vincenzo, O., De Caprio, C., De Filippo, E., & Pasanisi, F. (2021). A proposal for reference values of hand grip strength in women with different body mass indexes. Nutrition (Burbank, Los Angeles County, Calif.), 87-88, 111199. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nut.2021.111199
  • Norman, K., Stobäus, N., Gonzalez, M. C., Schulzke, J. D., & Pirlich, M. (2011). Hand grip strength: outcome predictor and marker of nutritional status. Clinical nutrition (Edinburgh, Scotland), 30(2), 135–142. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clnu.2010.09.010
  • Özener B. (2022). Anthropometric fluctuating asymmetries in living humans through the eyes of an anthropologist. Emerging Topics in Life Sciences, 6(3), 323–331. https://doi.org/10.1042/ETLS20210276
  • Page, S. T., Amory, J. K., Bowman, F. D., Anawalt, B. D., Matsumoto, A. M., Bremner, W. J., & Tenover, J. L. (2005). Exogenous testosterone (T) alone or with finasteride increases physical performance, grip strength, and lean body mass in older men with low serum T. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, 90(3), 1502–1510. https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.2004-1933
  • Palmer, A.R., & Strobeck, C. (2003). Fluctuating asymmetry analyses revisited. In M. Polak (Ed.), Developmental instability: causes and consequences. Oxford University Press. pp. 279–319.
  • Penke, L., Bates, T., Gow, A. J., Pattie, A., Starr, J. M., Jones, B. C., Parrett, D., & Deary, I. J. (2009). Symmetric faces are a sign of successful cognitive aging. Evolution and Human Behavior. 30, 429–437. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2009.06.001
  • Reed, T., Fabsitz, R. R., Selby, J. V., & Carmelli, D. (1991). Genetic influences and grip strength norms in the NHLBI twin study males aged 59–69. Annals of Human Biology, 18(5), 425–432. https://doi.org/10.1080/03014469100001722
  • Roberts, H. C., Denison, H. J., Martin, H. J., Patel, H. P., Syddall, H., Cooper, C., & Sayer, A. A. (2011). A review of the measurement of grip strength in clinical and epidemiological studies: towards a standardised approach. Age and Ageing, 40(4), 423–429. https://doi.org/10.1093/ageing/afr051
  • Sasaki, H., Kasagi, F., Yamada, M., & Fujita, S. (2007). Grip strength predicts cause-specific mortality in middle-aged and elderly persons. The American Journal of Medicine, 120(4), 337–342. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amjmed.2006.04.018
  • Sim, K. (2013). The relationship between sex-typical body shape and quality indicators. Journal of Social, Evolutionary, and Cultural Psychology, 7(2), 97–120. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0099207
  • Soysal, P., Hurst, C., Demurtas, J., Firth, J., Howden, R., Yang, L., Tully, M. A., Koyanagi, A., Ilie, P. C., López-Sánchez, G. F., Schwingshackl, L., Veronese, N., & Smith, L. (2021). Handgrip strength and health outcomes: Umbrella review of systematic reviews with meta-analyses of observational studies. Journal of Sport and Health Science, 10(3), 290–295. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jshs.2020.06.009
  • Thornhill, R., & Møller, A. P. (1997). Developmental stability, disease and medicine. Biological Reviews of The Cambridge Philosophical Society, 72(4), 497–548. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0006323197005082
  • Taekema, D. G., Gussekloo, J., Maier, A. B., Westendorp, R. G., & de Craen, A. J. (2010). Handgrip strength as a predictor of functional, psychological and social health. A prospective population-based study among the oldest old. Age and Ageing, 39(3), 331–337. https://doi.org/10.1093/ageing/afq022
  • Tai, M. H., Wan, S. N., Engkasan, J., & Ong, T. (2022). 1042 Comparison between camry and Jamar dynamometers in measuring hand grip strength among older post-acute Covid-19 outpatients. Age and Ageing, 51, Issue Supplement_2, afac126.061, https://doi.org/10.1093/ageing/afac126.061
  • Tieland, M., Verdijk, L. B., de Groot, L. C., & van Loon, L. J. (2015). Handgrip strength does not represent an appropriate measure to evaluate changes in muscle strength during an exercise intervention program in frail older people. International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism, 25(1), 27–36. https://doi.org/10.1123/ijsnem.2013-0123
  • Van Dongen, S., & Sprengers, E. (2012). Hand grip strength in relation to morphological measures of masculinity, fluctuating asymmetry and sexual behaviour in males and females. In K. R. Dubey (Ed.), editor. Sex hormones, InTech Open. pp. 293–306. https://doi.org/10.5772/25880
  • Van Dongen, S. (2014). Associations among facial masculinity, physical strength, fluctuating asymmetry and attractiveness in young men and women. Annals of Human Biology, 41(3), 205–213. https://doi.org/10.3109/03014460.2013.847120
  • Weiner J. S. & Lourie J. A. (1969). Human biology: a guide to field methods. Published for the International Biological Programme by Blackwell Scientific.
APA Ertuğrul Özener B, AYDIK M (2023). Hand Grip Strength as a Marker of Physical Fitness and Its Association to Body Symmetry in Young Adults: An Anthropological Approach. , 58 - 68. 10.30613/curesosc.1195115
Chicago Ertuğrul Özener Berna,AYDIK Muhammet Fatih Hand Grip Strength as a Marker of Physical Fitness and Its Association to Body Symmetry in Young Adults: An Anthropological Approach. (2023): 58 - 68. 10.30613/curesosc.1195115
MLA Ertuğrul Özener Berna,AYDIK Muhammet Fatih Hand Grip Strength as a Marker of Physical Fitness and Its Association to Body Symmetry in Young Adults: An Anthropological Approach. , 2023, ss.58 - 68. 10.30613/curesosc.1195115
AMA Ertuğrul Özener B,AYDIK M Hand Grip Strength as a Marker of Physical Fitness and Its Association to Body Symmetry in Young Adults: An Anthropological Approach. . 2023; 58 - 68. 10.30613/curesosc.1195115
Vancouver Ertuğrul Özener B,AYDIK M Hand Grip Strength as a Marker of Physical Fitness and Its Association to Body Symmetry in Young Adults: An Anthropological Approach. . 2023; 58 - 68. 10.30613/curesosc.1195115
IEEE Ertuğrul Özener B,AYDIK M "Hand Grip Strength as a Marker of Physical Fitness and Its Association to Body Symmetry in Young Adults: An Anthropological Approach." , ss.58 - 68, 2023. 10.30613/curesosc.1195115
ISNAD Ertuğrul Özener, Berna - AYDIK, Muhammet Fatih. "Hand Grip Strength as a Marker of Physical Fitness and Its Association to Body Symmetry in Young Adults: An Anthropological Approach". (2023), 58-68. https://doi.org/10.30613/curesosc.1195115
APA Ertuğrul Özener B, AYDIK M (2023). Hand Grip Strength as a Marker of Physical Fitness and Its Association to Body Symmetry in Young Adults: An Anthropological Approach. Current Research in Social Sciences, 9(1), 58 - 68. 10.30613/curesosc.1195115
Chicago Ertuğrul Özener Berna,AYDIK Muhammet Fatih Hand Grip Strength as a Marker of Physical Fitness and Its Association to Body Symmetry in Young Adults: An Anthropological Approach. Current Research in Social Sciences 9, no.1 (2023): 58 - 68. 10.30613/curesosc.1195115
MLA Ertuğrul Özener Berna,AYDIK Muhammet Fatih Hand Grip Strength as a Marker of Physical Fitness and Its Association to Body Symmetry in Young Adults: An Anthropological Approach. Current Research in Social Sciences, vol.9, no.1, 2023, ss.58 - 68. 10.30613/curesosc.1195115
AMA Ertuğrul Özener B,AYDIK M Hand Grip Strength as a Marker of Physical Fitness and Its Association to Body Symmetry in Young Adults: An Anthropological Approach. Current Research in Social Sciences. 2023; 9(1): 58 - 68. 10.30613/curesosc.1195115
Vancouver Ertuğrul Özener B,AYDIK M Hand Grip Strength as a Marker of Physical Fitness and Its Association to Body Symmetry in Young Adults: An Anthropological Approach. Current Research in Social Sciences. 2023; 9(1): 58 - 68. 10.30613/curesosc.1195115
IEEE Ertuğrul Özener B,AYDIK M "Hand Grip Strength as a Marker of Physical Fitness and Its Association to Body Symmetry in Young Adults: An Anthropological Approach." Current Research in Social Sciences, 9, ss.58 - 68, 2023. 10.30613/curesosc.1195115
ISNAD Ertuğrul Özener, Berna - AYDIK, Muhammet Fatih. "Hand Grip Strength as a Marker of Physical Fitness and Its Association to Body Symmetry in Young Adults: An Anthropological Approach". Current Research in Social Sciences 9/1 (2023), 58-68. https://doi.org/10.30613/curesosc.1195115
Sayfa Oluşturulma Tarihi
24-04-2024 7:46

İLETİŞİM

TÜBİTAK ULAKBİM TR Dizin

Yüzüncüyıl, İşçi Blokları Mahallesi

Muhsin Yazıcıoğlu Caddesi No:51/C

06530 Çankaya / ANKARA +90 (312) 298 92 00

trdizin@tubitak.gov.tr

TÜBİTAK ULAKBİM Ulusal Akademik Ağ ve Bilgi Merkezi Cahit Arf Bilgi Merkezi © Tüm Hakları Saklıdır. Gizlilik Politikası Kullanım Şartları