Yıl: 2023 Cilt: 27 Sayı: 3 Sayfa Aralığı: 980 - 994 Metin Dili: İngilizce DOI: 10.29228/jrp.391 İndeks Tarihi: 06-06-2023

Patient Experience in Community Pharmacies from an Experiential Marketing Perspective: Structural Equation Model

Öz:
The main objective of this study was to model patient experience (PX) in community pharmacies as experimental marketing parameters via structural equation modeling (SEM). Our findings show that peace of mind, trust, pharmacy, customer engagement, interaction quality with the pharmacist and personnel, and atmosphere or periphery experience quality is the important component for a patient to re-visit the same pharmacy. The patient's journey to the pharmacy starts before entering the pharmacy, continues at the pharmacy, and then leaves the pharmacy. It is important to understand the touchpoint of the patient journey at a community pharmacy and the needs of the patients as well as other health services. Overall, whether it is patient experience or customer experience, both focus on people and understanding their needs as a service sector will add value to service quality. The research was conducted on 414 volunteer patients given informed consent and answered 73 items in Istanbul province. The data obtained from the questionnaire forms were analyzed using the IBM SPSS Statistics 23 package program. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was applied using IBM SPSS AMOS 23 package program in the analysis of trust, pharmacy customer engagement (PCE), word of mouth (WoM), pharmacist interaction quality, personnel interaction quality, periphery experience quality, peace-of-mind (POM), and autobiographical memory parameters. Since the assumption of normality was not provided, the relationships among these items were calculated using Spearman's correlation coefficient. The results were evaluated at the significance level of p <0.05. Finally, a structural equation model was conducted to specify PX items.
Anahtar Kelime:

Belge Türü: Makale Makale Türü: Araştırma Makalesi Erişim Türü: Erişime Açık
  • [1] Lemon KN, Verhoef PC. Understanding customer experience throughout the customer journey. J Mark. 2016;80(6):69–96. https://doi.org/10.1509/jm.15.04.
  • [2] Guirguis LM, Chewning BA. Role theory: Literature review and implications for patient-pharmacist interactions. Res Social Adm Pharm. 2005;1(4):483–507. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sapharm.2005.09.006.
  • [3] Burnaz S, Ozcelik AB. Customer experience quality dimensions in health care: Perspectives of industry experts. Pressacademia. 2019;6(2):62–72. http://doi.org/10.17261/Pressacademia.2019.103 4.
  • [4] Buccoliero L, Bellio E, Mazzola M, Solinas E. A marketing perspective to "delight" the "patient 2.0": New and challenging expectations for the healthcare provider. BMC Health Serv Res. 2016;16(1):1–13. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-016-1285-x
  • [5] Wu C. The impact of hospital brand image on service quality, patient satisfaction, and loyalty. African J Bus Manag. 2011;5(12):4873–4882. https://doi.org/ 10.5897/AJBM10.1347
  • [6] Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ). What Is Patient Experience? https://www.ahrq.gov/cahps/about-cahps/patient-experience/index.html (Last accessed on 30 03 2023)
  • [7] Wolf JA, Niederhauser V, Marshburn D, Lavela SL. Defining patient experience. Patient Exp J. 2014;1(1):7–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.35680/2372-0247.1004
  • [8] Jenkinson C, Coulter A, Bruster S, Richards N, Chandola T. Patients’ experiences and satisfaction with health care: Results of a questionnaire study of specific aspects of care. Qual Saf Heal Care. 2002;11(4):335–339. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/qhc.11.4.335
  • [9] Ozcelik AB. Ph.D. Thesis.Analyzing Customer Engagement Through Customer Experience in Healthcare Industry. Department of Management, Management Programme, Graduate School of Arts and Social Sciences, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey, May 2019.
  • [10] Crosby LA, Evans KR, Cowles D. Relationship Quality in Services Selling: An Interpersonal Influence Perspective. J Mark. 1990;54(3):68. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1251817
  • [11] Kumar V, Pansari A. Competitive advantage through engagement. J Mark Res. 2016;53(4):497–514. http://dx.doi.org/10.1509/jmr.15.0044
  • [12] Romero J. Customer Engagement Behaviors in Hospitality: Customer-Based Antecedents. J Hosp Mark Manag. 2017;26(6):565–584. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19368623.2017.1288192
  • [13] Kim H, Choi B. The Influence of Customer Experience Quality on Customers’ Behavioral Intentions. Serv Mark Q. 2013;34(4):322–338. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15332969.2013.827068
  • [14] Kim H, Choi B. The effects of three customer-to-customer interaction quality types on customer experience quality and citizenship behavior in mass service settings. J Serv Mark. 2016; 30(4): 384-397. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/JSM 06-2014-0194
  • [15] Klaus P, Maklan S. Towards a better measure of customer experience. Int J Mark Res. 2013;55(2):227–246. http://dx.doi.org/10.2501/IJMR-2013-021
  • [16] Fitzgerald JM, Broadbridge CL. Latent constructs of the Autobiographical Memory Questionnaire: A recollection belief model of autobiographical experience. Memory. 2013;21(2):230–248. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09658211.2012.725736
  • [17] Lecoeuvre L, Turner R, Kuppelwieser VG. Customer experience in the B2B area: The impact of age-related impressions. J Retail Consum Serv. 2021;58:102216. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jretconser.2020.102216
  • [18] Von Zernichow R, Skjuve M, Halvorsrud R. Customer journey heatmaps: A wake-up call. ACM International Conference Proceeding Series (Association for Computing Machinery). 2018:850–855. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3240167.3240277
  • [19] Hoyer WD, Kroschke M, Schmitt B, Kraume K, Shankar V. Transforming the Customer Experience Through New Technologies. J Interact Mark. 2020;51:57–71. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intmar.2020.04.001
  • [20] Philpot LM, Khokhar BA, DeZutter MA. Creation of a Patient-Centered Journey Map to Improve the Patient Experience: A Mixed Methods Approach. Mayo Clin Proc Innov Qual Outcomes. 2019;3(4):466–475. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mayocpiqo.2019.07.004
  • [21] Erdem C, Tavşan N. Müşteri Deneyimi Yönetimi. Beta Basım Yayım Dağıtım A.Ş, Istanbul, 2019.pp:89.
  • [22] Conway MA, Loveday C. Remembering, imagining, false memories & personal meanings. Conscious Cogn. 2015;33:574–581. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.concog.2014.12.002
  • [23] Nitadpakorn S, Farris KB, Kittisopee T. Factors affecting pharmacy engagement and pharmacy customer devotion in community pharmacy: A structural equation modeling approach. Pharm Pract (Granada). 2017;15(3):1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.18549/PharmPract.2017.03.999
  • [24] Vivek SD, Beatty SE, Morgan RM. Customer engagement: Exploring customer relationships beyond the purchase. J Mark Theory Pract. 2012;20(2):122–146. http://dx.doi.org/10.2753/MTP1069-6679200201
  • [25] Garson D. Statnotes: Topics in Multivariate Analysis: Factor Analysis. 2010. http://faculty.chass.ncsu.edu/garson/pa765/statnote.htm
  • [26] Anderson JC, Gerbing DW. The effect of sampling error on convergence, improper solutions, and goodness-of-fit indices for maximum likelihood confirmatory factor analysis. Psychometrika. 1984;49(2):155–173.
  • [27] MacCallum RC, Browne MW, Sugawara HM. Power analysis and determination of sample size for covariance structure modeling. Psychol Methods. 1996;1(2):130–149.
  • [28] Hu L-T, Bentler PM. 103. Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Struct Equ Model. 1999;6(July 2012):1–55.
  • [29] Schermelleh-Engel K, Moosbrugger H, Müller H. Evaluating the fit of structural equation models: Tests of significance and descriptive goodness-of-fit measures. MPR-online. 2003;8(May):23–74.
  • [30] Haynes S, Richard D, Kubiancy E. Content validity in psychosocial assessments: A functional approach to concept and method. Psychol Assess. 1995;7(3):238–247.
  • [31] Castaldo S, Grosso M, Mallarini E, Rindone M. The missing path to gain customers loyalty in pharmacy retail: The role of the store in developing satisfaction and trust. Res Social Adm Pharm. 2016;12(5):699–712. http://dx.doi.org/ 10.1016/j.sapharm.2015.10.001
  • [32] Khullar D. Building Trust in Health Care—Why, Where, and How. JAMA. ;322:507–509. http://dx.doi.org/0.1001/jama.2019.4892.
  • [33] Anderson C, Blenkinsopp A, Armstrong M. Feedback from community pharmacy users on the contribution of community pharmacy to improving the public’s health: A systematic review of the peer reviewed and non-peer reviewed literature 1990-2002. Health Expect. 2004;, 7(3): 191–202. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1369-7625.2004.00274.x
  • [34] Lamberts EJF, Bouvy ML, van Hulten RP. The role of the community pharmacist in fulfilling information needs of patients starting oral antidiabetics. Res Social Admin Pharm. (2010); 6(4): 354–364. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sapharm.2009.10.002
  • [35] Brodie RJ, Hollebeek LD, Jurić B, Ilić A. Customer engagement: Conceptual domain, fundamental propositions, and implications for research. J Serv Res. 2011; 14(3): 252–271. https://doi.org/10.1177/1094670511411703
  • [36] Harmeling CM, Moffett JW, Arnold MJ, Carlson BD. Toward a theory of customer engagement marketing. J Acad Mark Sci. 2017; 45(3): 312–335. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11747-016-0509-2
  • [37] Holden RJ, Abebe E, Russ-Jara AL, Chui MA. Human factors and ergonomics methods for pharmacy research and clinical practice. Res Social Admin Pharm. 2021; 17(12): 2019–2027. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sapharm.2021.04.024
  • [38] Kumar V, Aksoy L, Donkers B, Venkatesan R, Wiesel T, Tillmanns S. Undervalued or overvalued customers: Capturing total customer engagement value. J Serv Res. 2010;13(3):297–310. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1094670510375602
  • [39] Whitehead P, Aitken P, Krass I, Benrimoj SI. Patient drug information and consumer choice of pharmacy. Int J Pharm Pract. 1999;7(2):71–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.2042-7174.1999.tb00952.x
  • [40] Koster ES, Van Meeteren MM, Van Dijk M. Patient-provider interaction during medication encounters: A study in outpatient pharmacies in the Netherlands. Patient Educ Couns. 2015;98(7):843–848. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pec.2015.03.007
  • [41] Conway MA. Memory and the self. J Mem Lang. 2005;53(4):594–628. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jml.2005.08.00
  • [42] Rubin DC. Beginnings of a Theory of Autobiographical Remembering. Autobiographical Memory. Psychology Press; 1998:21.
  • [43] Gehrt TB, Nielsen NP, Hoyle RH, Rubin DC, Berntsen D. Individual Differences in Autobiographical Memory: The Autobiographical Recollection Test Predicts Ratings of Specific Memories Across Cueing Conditions. J Appl Res Mem Cogn. 2022;11(1):85–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/h0101869
  • [44] Morgan M, Xu F. Student travel experiences: Memories and dreams. J Hosp Leis Mark. 2009;18(2–3):216–236. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19368620802591967
  • [45] Pimentel R, Reynolds K. A model for consumer devotion: Affective commitment with proactive sustaining behaviors. Acad Mark Sci Rev. 2004; 2004(5): 1-45. http://www.amsreview.org/articles/pimentel05-2004.pdf
  • [46] Van Doorn J, Lemon KN, Mittal V. Customer engagement behavior: Theoretical foundations and research directions. J Serv Res. 2010;13(3):253–266. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1094670510375599
  • [47] Kim SJ, Wang RJH, Maslowska E, Malthouse EC. "understanding a fury in your words": The effects of posting and viewing electronic negative word-of-mouth on purchase behaviors. Comput Human Behav. 2016;54:511–521. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2015.08.015
  • [48] Romero J, Ruiz-Equihua D. Be a part of it: promoting WOM, eWOM, and content creation through customer identification. Spanish J Mark - ESIC. 2020;24(1):55–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/SJME-11-2019-0092
  • [49] Hellier PK, Geursen GM, Carr RA, Rickard JA. Customer repurchase intention: A General Structural Equation Model. Eur J Mark. 2003;37(11/12):1762–1800. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/03090560310495456
  • [50] Hsu LC. Investigating the effect of service encounter, value, and satisfaction on word of mouth: An outpatient service context. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2018;15(1). http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15010132
  • [51] Derin N, Demirel ET. Sağlık hizmetlerinde kalitenin göstergesi olan hasta memnuniyetine yönelik ölçek geliştirme çalışması. J Acad Soc Sci Stud Int. 2013;6(2):1111–1130. http://openaccess.firat.edu.tr/xmlui/bitstream/handle/11508/8412/A4.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y
  • [52] Gauri DK, Bhatnagar A, Rao R. Role of word of mouth in online store loyalty. Commun ACM. 2008;51(3):89–91. doi:10.1145/1325555.1325572
  • [53] Wu C. The impact of hospital brand image on service quality, patient satisfaction and loyalty. African J Bus Manag. 2011;5(12):4873–4882. doi:10.5897/AJBM10.1347
  • [54] Hellier PK, Geursen GM, Carr RA, Rickard JA. Customer repurchase intention: A general structural equation model. Eur J Mark. 2003;37(11/12):1762–1800. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/03090560310495456
  • [55] Airaksinen M, Ahonen R, Enlund H. Customer feedback as a tool for improving pharmacy services. Int J Pharm Pract. 1995;3(4):219–226. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.2042-7174.1995.tb00822.x
  • [56] Kevrekidis DP, Minarikova D, Markos A, Malovecka I, Minarik P. Community pharmacy customer segmentation based on factors influencing their selection of pharmacy and over-the-counter medicines. Saudi Pharm J. 2018;26(1):33–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jsps.2017.11.002
  • [57] Lee J, Lee J, Feick L. The impact of switching costs on the customer satisfaction-loyalty link: Mobile phone service in France. J Serv Mark. 2001;15(1):35–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/08876040110381463
APA AKLAR D, OZCELIKAY G (2023). Patient Experience in Community Pharmacies from an Experiential Marketing Perspective: Structural Equation Model. , 980 - 994. 10.29228/jrp.391
Chicago AKLAR Demet AKALGAN,OZCELIKAY Gulbin Patient Experience in Community Pharmacies from an Experiential Marketing Perspective: Structural Equation Model. (2023): 980 - 994. 10.29228/jrp.391
MLA AKLAR Demet AKALGAN,OZCELIKAY Gulbin Patient Experience in Community Pharmacies from an Experiential Marketing Perspective: Structural Equation Model. , 2023, ss.980 - 994. 10.29228/jrp.391
AMA AKLAR D,OZCELIKAY G Patient Experience in Community Pharmacies from an Experiential Marketing Perspective: Structural Equation Model. . 2023; 980 - 994. 10.29228/jrp.391
Vancouver AKLAR D,OZCELIKAY G Patient Experience in Community Pharmacies from an Experiential Marketing Perspective: Structural Equation Model. . 2023; 980 - 994. 10.29228/jrp.391
IEEE AKLAR D,OZCELIKAY G "Patient Experience in Community Pharmacies from an Experiential Marketing Perspective: Structural Equation Model." , ss.980 - 994, 2023. 10.29228/jrp.391
ISNAD AKLAR, Demet AKALGAN - OZCELIKAY, Gulbin. "Patient Experience in Community Pharmacies from an Experiential Marketing Perspective: Structural Equation Model". (2023), 980-994. https://doi.org/10.29228/jrp.391
APA AKLAR D, OZCELIKAY G (2023). Patient Experience in Community Pharmacies from an Experiential Marketing Perspective: Structural Equation Model. Journal of research in pharmacy (online), 27(3), 980 - 994. 10.29228/jrp.391
Chicago AKLAR Demet AKALGAN,OZCELIKAY Gulbin Patient Experience in Community Pharmacies from an Experiential Marketing Perspective: Structural Equation Model. Journal of research in pharmacy (online) 27, no.3 (2023): 980 - 994. 10.29228/jrp.391
MLA AKLAR Demet AKALGAN,OZCELIKAY Gulbin Patient Experience in Community Pharmacies from an Experiential Marketing Perspective: Structural Equation Model. Journal of research in pharmacy (online), vol.27, no.3, 2023, ss.980 - 994. 10.29228/jrp.391
AMA AKLAR D,OZCELIKAY G Patient Experience in Community Pharmacies from an Experiential Marketing Perspective: Structural Equation Model. Journal of research in pharmacy (online). 2023; 27(3): 980 - 994. 10.29228/jrp.391
Vancouver AKLAR D,OZCELIKAY G Patient Experience in Community Pharmacies from an Experiential Marketing Perspective: Structural Equation Model. Journal of research in pharmacy (online). 2023; 27(3): 980 - 994. 10.29228/jrp.391
IEEE AKLAR D,OZCELIKAY G "Patient Experience in Community Pharmacies from an Experiential Marketing Perspective: Structural Equation Model." Journal of research in pharmacy (online), 27, ss.980 - 994, 2023. 10.29228/jrp.391
ISNAD AKLAR, Demet AKALGAN - OZCELIKAY, Gulbin. "Patient Experience in Community Pharmacies from an Experiential Marketing Perspective: Structural Equation Model". Journal of research in pharmacy (online) 27/3 (2023), 980-994. https://doi.org/10.29228/jrp.391