Yıl: 2023 Cilt: 28 Sayı: 2 Sayfa Aralığı: 272 - 278 Metin Dili: İngilizce DOI: 10.5505/ejm.2023.90699 İndeks Tarihi: 06-06-2023

Essential Trace Element Levels in Patients with Cutaneous Anthrax

Öz:
The causative microorganism in anthrax is Bacillus anthracis and this disease is more common in some regions of Türkiye. Changes in trace elements other than iron in anthrax infection have not been studied. In this study, iron, copper, lead, zi nc, manganese, magnesium, cadmium and cobalt levels were investigated in cases with cutaneous anthrax. Fifteen patients with cutaneous anthrax and 15 healthy individuals wereincluded in the study. The groups were similar to each other in terms of age and gender. Anthrax was diagnosed according to contact status with animals, symptoms, examination, and microbiological results. We performed our study with Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (UNICAM-929 spectrophotometer). Serum iron, lead, and cadmium levels were significantly higher in the patients than in the control subjects (p<0.05). Serum magnesium, manganese, zinc, copper, and cobalt levels were significantly lower in the patients than in the control subjects (p<0.05). The copper/zinc molar ratio was not significantly increased in the patients with cutaneous anthrax than in the control subjects. It has been reported that iron, cadmium, and lead levels are low and copper level is high in infectious diseases. But we determined the opposite situation in the patients with cutaneous anthrax. As a result, it can be said that the detection of high lead and cadmium levels in the cell in anthrax disease suppresses the immune system. Also, zinc can be used as a marker for this disease.
Anahtar Kelime:

Belge Türü: Makale Makale Türü: Araştırma Makalesi Erişim Türü: Erişime Açık
  • 1. James W. Patterson. Bacterial and rickettsial infections. Weedon's Skin Pathology 2021; 24:673-709.
  • 2. Karahocagil MK, Akdeniz N, Akdeniz H et al. Cutaneous anthrax in Eastern Turkey: a review of 85 cases. Clin Exp Dermatol 2008;33(4):406-11.
  • 3. Gregory JM, Arthur M. Friedlander. Bacillus anthracis (Anthrax). Mandell, Douglas, and Bennett's Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases 2020;207:2550-2569.
  • 4. Doğanay M, Perçin D. Bacillus anthracis ve diğer bacilluslar. In: Infeksiyon Hastaliklari ve Mikrobiyolojisi (Topcu AW, Söyletir G, Doğanay M, eds), 4. ed. Istanbul: Nobel Tip Kitabevi: 2017;1834–41.
  • 5. Mertz W. Trace Elements in Human and Animal Nutrition, vol.2, 4th ed. (Chapter 9), Academic Press,USA., 1977;1-3.
  • 6. Failla ML. Trace elements and host defense: recent advances and continuing challenges. J Nutr. 2003;133(5 Suppl 1):1443S-7S.
  • 7. Pompilio A, Ciavardelli D, Crocetta V et al. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia Virulence and Specific Variations in Trace Elements during Acute Lung Infection: Implications in Cystic Fibrosis. PLoS One. 2014;9(2):e88769.
  • 8. Ilbäck NG, Frisk P, Mohamed N, Gadhasson IL, Blomberg J, Friman G. Virus induces metal- binding proteins and changed trace element balance in the brain during the course of a common human infection (coxsackievirus B3) in mice. Sci Total Environ. 2007;381(1-3):88-98.
  • 9. Ekin S, Kozat S, Gunduz H, Mert N, Karakaya C. Levels of some trace elements and rheumatoid factor in sheep with brucellosis. Biol Trace Elem Res. 2004;99(1-3):123-8.
  • 10. Ozaydin Yavuz G, Yavuz IH, Demir H, Demir C, Gunes Bilgili S. Alopecia Areata Different View; Heavy Metals. Indian J Dermatol. 2019;64(1):7-11.
  • 11. Bozan N, Dinc ME, Demir H, et al. Serum trace elements and heavy metal levels in patients diagnosed with chronic otitis media and their association with surgical treatment outcomes. J Int Adv Otol. 2017;13(3):345–348.
  • 12. Sweeney DA, Hicks CW, Cui X, Li Y, Eichacker PQ. Anthrax infection. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2011;184(12):1333-41.
  • 13. Cengiz AT. Tıp ve Diş Hekimliğinde Genel ve Özel Mikrobiyoloji. Güneş Kitabevi, Ankara, 2004;411-6.
  • 14. Skaar EP, Raffatellu M. Metals in infectious diseases and nutritional immunity. Metallomics. 2015;7(6):926-8.
  • 15. Male D, Brostoff J, Roth DB, Roitt I (Eds). Immunology (7th Edition), Elsevier Limited, 2006;311-24.
  • 16. Rink L, Gabriel P. Zinc and the immune system. Proc Nutr Soc. 2000;59(4):541-52.
  • 17. Uyanık F. The main Functions of some trace elements in organisms and their effect on immunity. E.U Journal of Health Sciences 2000;9(2):49-58.
  • 18. Middleton JR, Luby CD, Viera L, Tyler JW, Casteel S. Short communication: influence of Staphylococcus aureus intramammary infection on serum copper, zinc, and iron concentrations. J Dairy Sci. 2004;87(4):976-9.
  • 19. Edvinsson M, Frisk P, Molin Y, Hjelm E, Ilbäck NG. Trace element balance is changed in infected organs during acute Chlamydophila pneumoniae infection in mice. Biometals. 2008;21(2):229-37.
  • 20. Akçil E, Yavuz G, Koçak M. Effects of inflammation and antiinflammatory treatment on serum trace elements concentrations. Biol Trace Elem Res. 2003;93(1-3):95-104.
  • 21. Nyström-Rosander C, Frisk P, Edvinsson M, Hjelm E, Thelin S, Friman G, Ilbäck NG. Thoracic aortic aneurysm patients with Chlamydophila pneumoniae infection showed a shift in trace element levels in serum and diseased aortic tissue. J Trace Elem Med Biol. 2009;23(2):100-6.
  • 22. Erskine RJ, Bartlett PC. Serum concentrations of copper, iron, and zinc during Escherichia coli- induced mastitis. J Dairy Sci. 1993;76(2):408-13.
  • 23. Ertan P, Yereli K, Kurt O, Balcioğlu IC, Onağ A. Serological levels of zinc, copper and iron elements among Giardia lamblia infected children in Turkey. Pediatr Int. 2002;44(3):286-8.
  • 24. Kocak OF, Ozgeris FB, Parlak E, Kadıoglu Y, Yuce N, Yaman ME, Bakan E. Evaluation of Serum Trace Element Levels and Biochemical Parameters of COVID-19 Patients According to Disease Severity. Biol Trace Elem Res. 2021;4:1– 9.
  • 25. Ilbäck NG, Friman G. Interactions among infections, nutrients and xenobiotics. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr. 2007;47(5):499-519.
  • 26. Tam M, Gómez S, González-Gross M, Marcos A. Possible roles of magnesium on the immune system. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2003;57(10):1193-7.
  • 27. Rucker D, Thadhani R, Tonelli M. Trace element status in hemodialysis patients. Semin Dial. 2010;23(4):389-95.
  • 28. Hardy G, Menendez AM, Manzanares W. Trace element supplementation in parenteral nutrition: pharmacy, posology, and monitoring guidance. Nutrition. 2009;25(11-12):1073-84.
  • 29. Taghipour A, Abdoli A, Ramezani A, Abolghazi A, Mofazzal Jahromi MA, Maani S, Heidar Nejadi SM, Rasti S, Shams M, Ghasemi E. Leishmaniasis and Trace Element Alterations: a Systematic Review. Biol Trace Elem Res. 2021;199(10):3918- 38.
  • 30. Nyström-Rosander C, Lindh U, Friman G, Lindqvist O, Thelin S, Ilbäck NG. Trace element changes in sclerotic heart valves from patients are expressed in their blood. Biometals. 2004;17(2):121-8.
  • 31. Choi R, Kim HT, Lim Y, Kim MJ, Kwon OJ, Jeon K, Park HY, Jeong BH, Koh WJ, Lee SY. Serum Concentrations of Trace Elements in Patients with Tuberculosis and Its Association with Treatment Outcome. Nutrients. 2015;21;7(7):5969-81.
  • 32. Akkaş I, Ince N, Sungur MA. Serum trace element and heavy metal levels in patients with sepsis. Aging Male. 2020;23(3):222-6.
  • 33. Hu A, Li L, Hu C, Zhang D, Wang C, Jiang Y, Zhang M, Liang C, Chen W, Bo Q, Zhao Q. Serum Concentrations of 15 Elements Among Helicobacter Pylori-Infected Residents from Lujiang County with High Gastric Cancer Risk in Eastern China. Biol Trace Elem Res. 2018;186(1):21-30.
APA binici i, Parlak M, Sunnetcioglu M, Baran A, REŞAT M, KUL A, DEMIR H, Bilvanisi S, gizli g, Huyut Z (2023). Essential Trace Element Levels in Patients with Cutaneous Anthrax. , 272 - 278. 10.5505/ejm.2023.90699
Chicago binici irfan,Parlak Mehmet,Sunnetcioglu Mahmut,Baran Ali Irfan,REŞAT MEHMET,KUL Ali Rıza,DEMIR HALIT,Bilvanisi Sevdegül,gizli gizem,Huyut Zübeyir Essential Trace Element Levels in Patients with Cutaneous Anthrax. (2023): 272 - 278. 10.5505/ejm.2023.90699
MLA binici irfan,Parlak Mehmet,Sunnetcioglu Mahmut,Baran Ali Irfan,REŞAT MEHMET,KUL Ali Rıza,DEMIR HALIT,Bilvanisi Sevdegül,gizli gizem,Huyut Zübeyir Essential Trace Element Levels in Patients with Cutaneous Anthrax. , 2023, ss.272 - 278. 10.5505/ejm.2023.90699
AMA binici i,Parlak M,Sunnetcioglu M,Baran A,REŞAT M,KUL A,DEMIR H,Bilvanisi S,gizli g,Huyut Z Essential Trace Element Levels in Patients with Cutaneous Anthrax. . 2023; 272 - 278. 10.5505/ejm.2023.90699
Vancouver binici i,Parlak M,Sunnetcioglu M,Baran A,REŞAT M,KUL A,DEMIR H,Bilvanisi S,gizli g,Huyut Z Essential Trace Element Levels in Patients with Cutaneous Anthrax. . 2023; 272 - 278. 10.5505/ejm.2023.90699
IEEE binici i,Parlak M,Sunnetcioglu M,Baran A,REŞAT M,KUL A,DEMIR H,Bilvanisi S,gizli g,Huyut Z "Essential Trace Element Levels in Patients with Cutaneous Anthrax." , ss.272 - 278, 2023. 10.5505/ejm.2023.90699
ISNAD binici, irfan vd. "Essential Trace Element Levels in Patients with Cutaneous Anthrax". (2023), 272-278. https://doi.org/10.5505/ejm.2023.90699
APA binici i, Parlak M, Sunnetcioglu M, Baran A, REŞAT M, KUL A, DEMIR H, Bilvanisi S, gizli g, Huyut Z (2023). Essential Trace Element Levels in Patients with Cutaneous Anthrax. Eastern Journal of Medicine, 28(2), 272 - 278. 10.5505/ejm.2023.90699
Chicago binici irfan,Parlak Mehmet,Sunnetcioglu Mahmut,Baran Ali Irfan,REŞAT MEHMET,KUL Ali Rıza,DEMIR HALIT,Bilvanisi Sevdegül,gizli gizem,Huyut Zübeyir Essential Trace Element Levels in Patients with Cutaneous Anthrax. Eastern Journal of Medicine 28, no.2 (2023): 272 - 278. 10.5505/ejm.2023.90699
MLA binici irfan,Parlak Mehmet,Sunnetcioglu Mahmut,Baran Ali Irfan,REŞAT MEHMET,KUL Ali Rıza,DEMIR HALIT,Bilvanisi Sevdegül,gizli gizem,Huyut Zübeyir Essential Trace Element Levels in Patients with Cutaneous Anthrax. Eastern Journal of Medicine, vol.28, no.2, 2023, ss.272 - 278. 10.5505/ejm.2023.90699
AMA binici i,Parlak M,Sunnetcioglu M,Baran A,REŞAT M,KUL A,DEMIR H,Bilvanisi S,gizli g,Huyut Z Essential Trace Element Levels in Patients with Cutaneous Anthrax. Eastern Journal of Medicine. 2023; 28(2): 272 - 278. 10.5505/ejm.2023.90699
Vancouver binici i,Parlak M,Sunnetcioglu M,Baran A,REŞAT M,KUL A,DEMIR H,Bilvanisi S,gizli g,Huyut Z Essential Trace Element Levels in Patients with Cutaneous Anthrax. Eastern Journal of Medicine. 2023; 28(2): 272 - 278. 10.5505/ejm.2023.90699
IEEE binici i,Parlak M,Sunnetcioglu M,Baran A,REŞAT M,KUL A,DEMIR H,Bilvanisi S,gizli g,Huyut Z "Essential Trace Element Levels in Patients with Cutaneous Anthrax." Eastern Journal of Medicine, 28, ss.272 - 278, 2023. 10.5505/ejm.2023.90699
ISNAD binici, irfan vd. "Essential Trace Element Levels in Patients with Cutaneous Anthrax". Eastern Journal of Medicine 28/2 (2023), 272-278. https://doi.org/10.5505/ejm.2023.90699