Purpose: It should be noted that it is not easy to ground a scientific field philosophically and thus go down to the roots of that field. In this context, it is possible to say that the efforts to get to the origins are shaped in the light of the questions that have been discussed in philosophy for centuries, whether axiological structures arise from factual structures or factual structures arise from axiological structures. The aim of the study, which emerged from these discussions; within the framework of the philosophy of science, is to arrive at the axiomatic set of the structures that make up the science of accounting by grounding the basic accounting concepts and financial statement principles from a factual and axiological point of view. Design/Methodology: In this study, a literature review on the subject was performed using the documentary research method, one of the qualitative research approaches. In the decision of whether the basic accounting concepts and financial statement principles were axiological or factual, it was evaluated in the theoretical framework whether the concept or principle in question is related to a value or fact. Findings: At the point reached as a result of the study in terms of accounting philosophy, it has been concluded that the factual principles in accounting are derived from the axiological laws of accounting, and thus the axiological structure of accounting constitutes an axiomatic set of accounting. Limitations: The small number of studies in the field of accounting philosophy constituted the most important limitation of the study, especially in terms of literature research. Besides, it is important to examine auditing standards and principles in terms of accounting philosophy, but this study has been left out of the scope of the research. Originality/Value: Studies in the field of accounting philosophy, which is a fertile field that has yet to be explored, have generally focused on the epistemological and ontological structure of accounting. Differently, in this study, the basic accounting concepts and the financial statement’s principles were discussed for the first time in the light of axiology and factuality and thus the axiomatic set of accounting was tried to be reached. In this respect, the study reveals its original value.