İskemik Beyin Hasarında Reaktif Astrositlerin Fonksiyonları

TOPAL, Gonca; Eyigor, Ozhan; Hasanoglu Akbulut, Nursel

doi:10.32708/uutfd.1261257

İskemik Beyin Hasarında Reaktif Astrositlerin Fonksiyonları

Nursel Hasanoglu Akbulut, (Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi, Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Tıp-Histoloji ve Embriyoloji Anabilim Dalı, Bursa, Türkiye)

Gonca TOPAL, (Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi, Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Tıp-Histoloji ve Embriyoloji Anabilim Dalı, Bursa, Türkiye)

Özhan EYİGÖR (Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi, Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Tıp-Histoloji ve Embriyoloji Anabilim Dalı, Bursa, Türkiye)

Uludağ Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Dergisi

20 9

Yıl: 2023 Cilt: 49 Sayı: 1 Sayfa Aralığı: 133 - 143 Metin Dili: Türkçe DOI: 10.32708/uutfd.1261257 İndeks Tarihi: 23-06-2023

İskemik Beyin Hasarında Reaktif Astrositlerin Fonksiyonları

Öz:

İnme, dünya çapında ikinci önde gelen ölüm nedenidir. Memeli merkezi sinir sistemindeki (MSS) en yaygın glial hücre grubunu oluşturan astrositlerin inmenin akut ve kronik evresindeki patofizyolojilerinin araştırılması önemlidir. Hastalık ve beyin hasarlarını takiben görülen patolojik durumlarda astrositler reaktif forma dönüşürler. İskemik hasar sonrası Glutatyon (GSH) salgılayarak oksidatif stres hasarını hafiflettikleri, nörotrofik faktörler salgılayarak nöron gelişimi ve sağ kalımına katkıda bulundukları, serebral ödemin düzenlenmesinde rolleri olduğu ve eritropoietin salgılayarak anjiyogeneze katkı sağladığı ve nöronal apoptozu inhibe ettiği yapılan çalışmalarla kanıtlanmıştır. Ancak tüm bunların yanı sıra, iskemi sonrası eksitotoksisiteyi indükleyerek ve inflamatuar faktörlerin aşırı salınımına yol açarak nöronal ölüme yol açtığı ve kan-beyin bariyeri (KBB)’nin geçirgenliğini attırdığı gösterilmiştir. İskemik hasar sonrası oluşan glial skarın akut dönemde doku hasarının yayılmasını önleyerek sağlıklı dokudaki homeostazı sağladığı ancak kronik dönemde akson büyümesine engel olduğunu gösteren çalışmalar mevcuttur. Bu yüzden reaktif astrositlerin işlevleri tartışmalıdır. Genetik olarak reaktif astrositlerin nörotoksik (A1) ve nöroprotektif (A2) iki polarizasyon durumuna dönüşüm geçirebileceği bulunmuştur. Farklı astrosit tipleri nörolojik hastalıklar için etkili tedavi yaklaşımlarının keşfedilmesine yardımcı olacaktır. Bu derlemede; iskemik beyin hasarına bağlı olarak oluşan inmede reaktif astrositlerin fonksiyonlarına ve bu süreçte astrositlerin fizyolojik ve histomorfolojik değişimlerine yer verilmiştir.

Anahtar Kelime: İnme Astrosit Kan-beyin bariyer Serebral ödem Oksidatif stres

Functions of Reactive Astrocytes in Ischemic Brain Injury

Öz:

Stroke is the second leading cause of death worldwide. It is important to investigate the pathophysiology of astrocytes, which constitute the most common glial cell group in the mammalian central nervous system (CNS), in the acute and chronic stages of stroke. In pat hological conditions following disease and brain damage, astrocytes transform into reactive form. It has been proven by studies that they alleviate oxidative stress damage by releasing GSH (Glutathione) after ischemic injury, contribute to neuron development and survival b y secreting neurotrophic factors, have a role in the regulation of cerebral edema, and contribute to angiogenesis by secreting erythropoietin and inhibit neuronal apaptosis. However, besides all these, it has been shown that it causes neuronal death and increases the permeabilit y of the BBB by inducing excitotoxicity after ischemia and causing excessive release of inflammatory factors. There are studies showing that the glial scar formed after ischemic injury provides homeostasis in healthy tissue by preventing the spread of tissue damage in the acute pe riod, but prevents axon growth in the chronic period. Therefore, the functions of reactive astrocytes are controversial. It has been found that genetically reactive astrocytes can undergo transformation into two polarization states, neurotoxic (A1) and neuroprotective (A2). Different types of astrocytes will help discover effective treatment approaches for neurological diseases. In this review; the functions of reactive astrocytes in stroke caused by ischemic brain injury the physiological and histomorphological changes of astrocytes in t his process are included.

Anahtar Kelime: Stroke astrocyte Blood–brain barrier Cerebral edema Oxidative stress

Belge Türü: Makale Makale Türü: Derleme Erişim Türü: Erişime Açık

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APA	Hasanoglu Akbulut N, TOPAL G, Eyigor O (2023). İskemik Beyin Hasarında Reaktif Astrositlerin Fonksiyonları. , 133 - 143. 10.32708/uutfd.1261257
Chicago	Hasanoglu Akbulut Nursel,TOPAL Gonca,Eyigor Ozhan İskemik Beyin Hasarında Reaktif Astrositlerin Fonksiyonları. (2023): 133 - 143. 10.32708/uutfd.1261257
MLA	Hasanoglu Akbulut Nursel,TOPAL Gonca,Eyigor Ozhan İskemik Beyin Hasarında Reaktif Astrositlerin Fonksiyonları. , 2023, ss.133 - 143. 10.32708/uutfd.1261257
AMA	Hasanoglu Akbulut N,TOPAL G,Eyigor O İskemik Beyin Hasarında Reaktif Astrositlerin Fonksiyonları. . 2023; 133 - 143. 10.32708/uutfd.1261257
Vancouver	Hasanoglu Akbulut N,TOPAL G,Eyigor O İskemik Beyin Hasarında Reaktif Astrositlerin Fonksiyonları. . 2023; 133 - 143. 10.32708/uutfd.1261257
IEEE	Hasanoglu Akbulut N,TOPAL G,Eyigor O "İskemik Beyin Hasarında Reaktif Astrositlerin Fonksiyonları." , ss.133 - 143, 2023. 10.32708/uutfd.1261257
ISNAD	Hasanoglu Akbulut, Nursel vd. "İskemik Beyin Hasarında Reaktif Astrositlerin Fonksiyonları". (2023), 133-143. https://doi.org/10.32708/uutfd.1261257

APA	Hasanoglu Akbulut N, TOPAL G, Eyigor O (2023). İskemik Beyin Hasarında Reaktif Astrositlerin Fonksiyonları. Uludağ Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Dergisi, 49(1), 133 - 143. 10.32708/uutfd.1261257
Chicago	Hasanoglu Akbulut Nursel,TOPAL Gonca,Eyigor Ozhan İskemik Beyin Hasarında Reaktif Astrositlerin Fonksiyonları. Uludağ Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Dergisi 49, no.1 (2023): 133 - 143. 10.32708/uutfd.1261257
MLA	Hasanoglu Akbulut Nursel,TOPAL Gonca,Eyigor Ozhan İskemik Beyin Hasarında Reaktif Astrositlerin Fonksiyonları. Uludağ Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Dergisi, vol.49, no.1, 2023, ss.133 - 143. 10.32708/uutfd.1261257
AMA	Hasanoglu Akbulut N,TOPAL G,Eyigor O İskemik Beyin Hasarında Reaktif Astrositlerin Fonksiyonları. Uludağ Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Dergisi. 2023; 49(1): 133 - 143. 10.32708/uutfd.1261257
Vancouver	Hasanoglu Akbulut N,TOPAL G,Eyigor O İskemik Beyin Hasarında Reaktif Astrositlerin Fonksiyonları. Uludağ Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Dergisi. 2023; 49(1): 133 - 143. 10.32708/uutfd.1261257
IEEE	Hasanoglu Akbulut N,TOPAL G,Eyigor O "İskemik Beyin Hasarında Reaktif Astrositlerin Fonksiyonları." Uludağ Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Dergisi, 49, ss.133 - 143, 2023. 10.32708/uutfd.1261257
ISNAD	Hasanoglu Akbulut, Nursel vd. "İskemik Beyin Hasarında Reaktif Astrositlerin Fonksiyonları". Uludağ Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Dergisi 49/1 (2023), 133-143. https://doi.org/10.32708/uutfd.1261257