Yıl: 2023 Cilt: 47 Sayı: 2 Sayfa Aralığı: 417 - 425 Metin Dili: İngilizce DOI: 10.55730/1300-0527.3548 İndeks Tarihi: 12-06-2023

The effect of POSS nanoparticles on crosslinking of styrene-butadiene rubber nanocomposites

Öz:
The effect of octaisobutyl-polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (OIB-POSS) as a nanosized reinforcement on the cure kinetics, crosslinking density, and mechanical properties of styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR) nanocomposites was examined in this study. For this purpose, SBR compounds with various OIB-POSS nanoparticle loadings at 1, 3, and 5 phr were prepared and their results were compared with a reference compound without OIB-POSS. When 1 phr of OIB-POSS was added to the rubber matrix, the elongation at break values and tensile strength of the corresponding nanocomposite increased by 24.1% and 29.2% compared to the reference sample, respectively. The presence of OIB-POSS nanoparticles and their random distribution in the SBR matrix was confirmed by transmission electron microscopy. The crosslinking density of nanocomposites was calculated by the Flory-Rehner method and a decrease was observed with the addition of OIB-POSS nanoparticles. In addition, thermal aging process as 70 °C for 70 h was applied to vulcanized samples. It was noted that the mechanical properties of SBR/OIB-POSS nanocomposites remarkably improved, whereas their crosslinking densities gradually decreased after thermal aging.
Anahtar Kelime: Nanocomposites nanoparticles polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane rubber styrene-butadiene rubber

Belge Türü: Makale Makale Türü: Araştırma Makalesi Erişim Türü: Erişime Açık
  • 1. Feldman D. Natural rubber nanocomposites. Journal of Macromolecular Science, Part A 2017; 54 (9): 629-34. https://doi.org/10.1080/10 601325.2017.1316671
  • 2. Lu Y-L, Zhang L-Q. Physical properties of rubber-based nanocomposites. In: Mai Y-W, Tjong SC (editors). Physical Properties and Applications of Polymer Nanocomposites. Cambridge, UK: Woodhead Publishing 2010, pp. 787-831.
  • 3. Di Gianni A, Colucci G, Priola A, Conzatti L, Alessi M et al. Exfoliated/intercalated rubber/organo montmorillonite nanocomposites: preparation and characterization. Macromolecular Materials and Engineering 2009; 294 (10): 705-10. https://doi.org/10.1002/ mame.200900147
  • 4. Bülbül Ş, Ergün ME. Effect of mica powder-filled styrene-butadiene rubber compounds on crosslink density and mechanical properties. Thermal Science 2022; 26 (4): 3019-28. https://doi.org/10.2298/TSCI2204019B
  • 5. Acar SB, Tasdelen MA, Karaagac B. Methacrylate-functionalized POSS influence on cross-linking and mechanical properties of styrene- butadiene rubber. Iranian Polymer Journal 2021; 30 (7): 697-705. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13726-021-00924-x
  • 6. Yang JK, Park W, Ryu C, Kim SJ, Kim DI et al. Estimation of silica flocculation in SBR/BR compounds reinforced with different silica contents from their rheocurves. Journal of Applied Polymer Science 2020; 137 (15): 48559. https://doi.org/10.1002/app.48559
  • 7. Khalifeh S, Tavakoli M. Styrene butadiene rubber/epoxidized natural rubber/carbon filler nanocomposites: microstructural development and cure characterization. Iranian Polymer Journal 2019; 28 (12): 1023-33. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13726-019-00761-z
  • 8. Nawwar G, Yakout S, El Sadiek MSA, El Sabbagh S. Synthesis and evaluation of new antioxidants for styrene butadiene rubber. Pigment & Resin Technology 2011; 40 (6): 399-409. https://doi.org/10.1108/03699421111180554
  • 9. Xu Z, Jerrams S, Guo H, Zhou Y, Jiang L et al. Influence of graphene oxide and carbon nanotubes on the fatigue properties of silica/styrene- butadiene rubber composites under uniaxial and multiaxial cyclic loading. International Journal of Fatigue 2020; 131: 105388. https://doi. org/10.1016/j.ijfatigue.2019.105388
  • 10. Arslan M, Tasdelen MA. Polymer nanocomposites via click chemistry reactions. Polymers 2017; 9 (10): 499. https://doi.org/10.3390/ polym9100499
  • 11. Sahoo S, Bhowmick AK. Polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) nanoparticles as new crosslinking agent for functionalized rubber. Rubber chemistry and technology 2007; 80 (5): 826-37. https://doi.org/10.5254/1.3539419
  • 12. Kurtulus C, Kuyumcu M, Ciftci M, Tasdelen MA. Influence of POSS nanoparticles on the microstructure and mechanical properties of carbon fiber reinforced epoxy hybrid composites. Polymer Composites 2021; 42 (8): 4056-64. https://doi.org/10.1002/pc.26116
  • 13. Pielichowski K, Majka TM, Raftopoulos KN. Rheology and processing of polymer/POSS nanocomposites. Rheology and Processing of Polymer Nanocomposites 2016: 293-327. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118969809.ch8
  • 14. Song K. Micro- and nano-fillers used in the rubber industry. In: Thomas S, Maria HJ (editors). Progress in Rubber Nanocomposites. Amsterdam, Netherlands: Woodhead Publishing, 2017, pp. 41-80.
  • 15. Acar SB, Ozdogan R, Tasdelen MA. POSS-based hybrid nanocomposites. In: Thomas S, Somasekharan L (editors). Polyhedral Oligomeric Silsesquioxane (POSS) Polymer Nanocomposites. Amsterdam, Netherlands: Elsevier, 2021, pp. 205-16.
  • 16. Chen D, Hu X, Zhang H, Yin X, Zhou Y. Preparation and properties of novel polydimethylsiloxane composites using polyvinylsilsesquioxanes as reinforcing agent. Polymer Degradation and Stability 2015; 111: 124-30. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2014.10.026
  • 17. Somasekharan L, Thomas S, Kalarikkal N, Kumar SA. POSS—General purpose elastomer nanocomposites. In: Thomas S, Somasekharan L (editors). Polyhedral Oligomeric Silsesquioxane (POSS) Polymer Nanocomposites. Amsterdam, Netherlands: Elsevier, 2021, pp. 71-80.
  • 18. Stelescu MD, Manaila E, Craciun G. Vulcanization of ethylene propylene–terpolymer based rubber mixtures by radiation processing. Journal of Applied Polymer Science 2013; 128 (4): 2325-36. https://doi.org/10.1002/app.38231
  • 19. Abd El Messieh S, Abd El Nour K. Effect of curing time and sulfur content on the dielectric relaxation of styrene butadiene rubber. Journal of applied polymer science 2003; 88 (7): 1613-21. https://doi.org/10.1002/app.11686
  • 20. Khan M, Mishra S, Ratna D, Sonawane S, Shimpi NG. Investigation of thermal and mechanical properties of styrene–butadiene rubber nanocomposites filled with SiO2–polystyrene core–shell nanoparticles. Journal of Composite Materials 2019; 54 (14): 1785-95. https://doi. org/10.1177/0021998319886618
  • 21. Harandi MH, Alimoradi F, Rowshan G, Faghihi M, Keivani M et al. Morphological and mechanical properties of styrene butadiene rubber/nano copper nanocomposites. Results in physics 2017; 7: 338-44. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rinp.2016.11.022
  • 22. Sirin H, Kodal M, Karaagac B, Ozkoc G. Effects of octamaleamic acid-POSS used as the adhesion enhancer on the properties of silicone rubber/silica nanocomposites. Composites Part B: Engineering 2016; 98: 370-81. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesb.2016.05.024
  • 23. Raef M, Razzaghi-Kashani M. The role of interface in gas barrier properties of styrene butadiene rubber-reduced graphene oxide composites. Polymer 2019; 182: 121816. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polymer.2019.121816
  • 24. Rybiński P, Syrek B, Bradło D, Żukowski W. Effect of POSS particles and synergism action of POSS and poly-(melamine phosphate) on the thermal properties and flame retardance of silicone rubber composites. Materials 2018; 11 (8): 1298. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma11081298
  • 25. Zhao L, Li J, Li Z, Zhang Y, Liao S et al. Morphology and thermomechanical properties of natural rubber vulcanizates containing octavinyl polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane. Composites Part B: Engineering 2018; 139: 40-6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesb.2017.11.052
  • 26. Ramesan MT, Alex R. Compatibilization of SBR/NBR blends using chemically modified styrene co butadiene rubber Part 2. Effect of compatibilizer loading. Polymer International 2001; 50 (12): 1298-308. https://doi.org/10.1002/pi.775
  • 27. He S, Bai F, Liu S, Ma H, Hu J et al. Aging properties of styrene-butadiene rubber nanocomposites filled with carbon black and rectorite. Polymer Testing 2017; 64: 92-100. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polymertesting.2017.09.017
  • 28. Clément F, Bokobza L, Monnerie L. Investigation of the Payne effect and its temperature dependence on silica-filled polydimethylsiloxane networks. Part I: Experimental results. Rubber chemistry and technology 2005; 78 (2): 211-31. https://doi.org/10.5254/1.3547879
  • 29. D’Arienzo M, Redaelli M, Callone E, Conzatti L, Di Credico B et al. Hybrid SiO 2@ POSS nanofiller: a promising reinforcing system for rubber nanocomposites. Materials Chemistry Frontiers 2017; 1 (7): 1441-52. https://doi.org/10.1039/C7QM00045F
  • 30. Barghamadi M, Karrabi M, Ghoreishy MHR, Mohammadian Gezaz S. Effects of two types of nanoparticles on the cure, rheological, and mechanical properties of rubber nanocomposites based on the NBR/PVC blends. Journal of Applied Polymer Science 2019; 136 (25): 47550. https://doi.org/10.1002/app.47550
  • 31. Guo L, Huang G, Zheng J, Li G. Thermal oxidative degradation of styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR) studied by 2D correlation analysis and kinetic analysis. Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry 2014; 115 (1): 647-57. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10973-013-3348-0
  • 32. Choi SS. Influence of internal strain on change of crosslink density of natural rubber vulcanizates by thermal ageing. Polymer international 2001; 50 (1): 107-12. https://doi.org/10.1002/1097-0126(200101)50:1<107::AID-PI593>3.0.CO;2-Z
  • 33. Choi SS. Influence of rubber composition on change of crosslink density of rubber vulcanizates with EV cure system by thermal aging. Journal of applied polymer science 2000; 75 (11): 1378-84. https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1097-4628(20000314)75:11<1378::AID- APP9>3.0.CO;2-I
  • 34. Barghamadi M, Ghoreishy MHR, Karrabi M, Mohammadian Gezaz S. Modeling of nonlinear hyper viscoelastic and stress softening behaviors of acrylonitrile butadiene rubber/polyvinyl chloride nanocomposites reinforced by nanoclay and graphene. Polymer Composites 2021; 42 (2): 583-96. https://doi.org/10.1002/pc.25849
  • 35. Yang S, Fan H, Jiao Y, Cai Z, Zhang P et al. Improvement in mechanical properties of NBR/LiClO4/POSS nanocomposites by constructing a novel network structure. Composites Science and Technology 2017; 138: 161-8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compscitech.2016.12.003
  • 36. Yazıcı N, Dursun S, Yarıcı T, Kılıc B, Mert O et al. Effect of octavinyl-polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane on the cross-linking, cure kinetics, and adhesion properties of natural rubber/textile cord composites. Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research 2020; 59 (5): 1888-901. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.iecr.9b05101
  • 37. Moon B, Lee J, Park S, Seok C-S. Study on the aging behavior of natural rubber/butadiene rubber (NR/BR) blends using a parallel spring model. Polymers 2018; 10 (6): 658. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym10060658
  • 38. Pielichowski K, Njuguna J. Thermal degradation of polymeric materials. Shawbury, UK: iSmithers Rapra Publishing, 2005.
  • 39. Sahakaro K. Mechanism of reinforcement using nanofillers in rubber nanocomposites. In: Thomas S, Maria HJ (editors). Progress in Rubber Nanocomposites. Amsterdam, Netherlands: Woodhead Publishing, 2017, pp. 81-113.
APA Bekin Acar S, tasdelen m, Karaagac B (2023). The effect of POSS nanoparticles on crosslinking of styrene-butadiene rubber nanocomposites. , 417 - 425. 10.55730/1300-0527.3548
Chicago Bekin Acar Seda,tasdelen mehmet atilla,Karaagac Bagdagul The effect of POSS nanoparticles on crosslinking of styrene-butadiene rubber nanocomposites. (2023): 417 - 425. 10.55730/1300-0527.3548
MLA Bekin Acar Seda,tasdelen mehmet atilla,Karaagac Bagdagul The effect of POSS nanoparticles on crosslinking of styrene-butadiene rubber nanocomposites. , 2023, ss.417 - 425. 10.55730/1300-0527.3548
AMA Bekin Acar S,tasdelen m,Karaagac B The effect of POSS nanoparticles on crosslinking of styrene-butadiene rubber nanocomposites. . 2023; 417 - 425. 10.55730/1300-0527.3548
Vancouver Bekin Acar S,tasdelen m,Karaagac B The effect of POSS nanoparticles on crosslinking of styrene-butadiene rubber nanocomposites. . 2023; 417 - 425. 10.55730/1300-0527.3548
IEEE Bekin Acar S,tasdelen m,Karaagac B "The effect of POSS nanoparticles on crosslinking of styrene-butadiene rubber nanocomposites." , ss.417 - 425, 2023. 10.55730/1300-0527.3548
ISNAD Bekin Acar, Seda vd. "The effect of POSS nanoparticles on crosslinking of styrene-butadiene rubber nanocomposites". (2023), 417-425. https://doi.org/10.55730/1300-0527.3548
APA Bekin Acar S, tasdelen m, Karaagac B (2023). The effect of POSS nanoparticles on crosslinking of styrene-butadiene rubber nanocomposites. Turkish Journal of Chemistry, 47(2), 417 - 425. 10.55730/1300-0527.3548
Chicago Bekin Acar Seda,tasdelen mehmet atilla,Karaagac Bagdagul The effect of POSS nanoparticles on crosslinking of styrene-butadiene rubber nanocomposites. Turkish Journal of Chemistry 47, no.2 (2023): 417 - 425. 10.55730/1300-0527.3548
MLA Bekin Acar Seda,tasdelen mehmet atilla,Karaagac Bagdagul The effect of POSS nanoparticles on crosslinking of styrene-butadiene rubber nanocomposites. Turkish Journal of Chemistry, vol.47, no.2, 2023, ss.417 - 425. 10.55730/1300-0527.3548
AMA Bekin Acar S,tasdelen m,Karaagac B The effect of POSS nanoparticles on crosslinking of styrene-butadiene rubber nanocomposites. Turkish Journal of Chemistry. 2023; 47(2): 417 - 425. 10.55730/1300-0527.3548
Vancouver Bekin Acar S,tasdelen m,Karaagac B The effect of POSS nanoparticles on crosslinking of styrene-butadiene rubber nanocomposites. Turkish Journal of Chemistry. 2023; 47(2): 417 - 425. 10.55730/1300-0527.3548
IEEE Bekin Acar S,tasdelen m,Karaagac B "The effect of POSS nanoparticles on crosslinking of styrene-butadiene rubber nanocomposites." Turkish Journal of Chemistry, 47, ss.417 - 425, 2023. 10.55730/1300-0527.3548
ISNAD Bekin Acar, Seda vd. "The effect of POSS nanoparticles on crosslinking of styrene-butadiene rubber nanocomposites". Turkish Journal of Chemistry 47/2 (2023), 417-425. https://doi.org/10.55730/1300-0527.3548