ENGINEERING REQUIRED TO HAVE SAFE STRUCTURES IN/ON THE EARTH CRUST AND EUROCODE 7
Yıl: 2023 Cilt: 11 Sayı: 2 Sayfa Aralığı: 571 - 580 Metin Dili: İngilizce DOI: 10.36306/konjes.1100856 İndeks Tarihi: 14-06-2023
ENGINEERING REQUIRED TO HAVE SAFE STRUCTURES IN/ON THE EARTH CRUST AND EUROCODE 7
Öz: While engineering has recently been presented in medias by computers and laboratory outfits, responsibilities of ground engineers who perform works in/on earth crust have not been changed at all. They have to supply stable spaces and structures for urban life in/on earth as they have been always required. Engineers dealing with earth for its properties, features, stabilities for different civil work circumstances like; dam, bridge, tunnel, mine gallery & stopes, pits, foundations of buildings etc. have their tough decisions under various uncertainties. They have recently been categorised as ground engineers including, soil and rock engineers, geotechnics, geomechanics, geologist, civil and mining engineers etc. subjects. Some European countries have gradually provided specifications to define ground engineering under EUR-ING qualifications. Engineers who have been controlling product qualities, organising works for employees, testing in laboratories have their work places which have not been changed regularly, as it is the case for ground engineers. Rock engineering, (concepts based mainly on rock mechanics in geology, mining and civil engineering) contributions to ground engineering have been worked here under Eurocode 7 applications and evaluations performed by engineers.
Anahtar Kelime: Yer Kabuğunun İçinde/Üstünde Güvenli Yapılar, Eurocode 7 ve Mühendislik
Öz: Son zamanlarda mühendislik kavramı, ağırlıklı olarak bilgisayarlı uygulamalarla ve laboratuvar ortamlarıyla sunulurken, yerkabuğunun içinde/üstünde iş yapan yer mühendislerinin sorumlulukları çok fazla değişmemiştir. Bu mühendisler her zaman olduğu gibi günümüzde de duraylı (stabil) yapılar ve kazılar için yerle ilişkili kararlar vermek zorundadırlar. Yerkabuğunun farklı özellikleri ve yapısıyla ilgilenen yer mühendisleri konuyla bağlantılı olan; barajlar, tüneller, maden galerileri ve kazı arınları, açık maden ocakları, şevler, yapıların temelleri vb. konularda belirsizliklere rağmen duraylı yapılar için zorlu kararlar vermelidir. Son zamanlarda yerkabuğuyla ilgili konularda çalışan mühendisler: zemin, kaya, geoteknik, geomekanik, jeoloji, inşaat ve maden mühendisleri genel olarak “yer mühendisleri” olarak kategorize edilmektedir. Avrupa ülkeleri kademeli olarak EUR-ING başlığı altında “yer mühendisliği” spesifikasyonlarını tanımlamaktadır. Ürün kalitelerini kontrol eden, iş ve işçileri organize eden ve laboratuvarlarda testler yapan mühendislerin çoğunun fazla değişmeyen iş lokasyonu vardır. Bu durum her proje lokasyonu farklı olan yer mühendisleri için tamamen farklıdır. Bu çalışmada yer mühendisliği içeriğine kaya mühendisliğinin katkı konusu, Eurocode 7 kapsamındaki değerlendirmelerin ışığında ele alınarak incelenmiştir.
Anahtar Kelime: Belge Türü: Makale Makale Türü: Diğer Erişim Türü: Erişime Açık
- [1] L.R. Alejano, A. Bedi, A. Bond, A.M. Ferrero, J.P. Harrison, L. Lamas, M.R. Migliazza, R. Olsson, A. Perucho, A. Sofianos, et al., “Rock engineering design and the evolution of Eurocode 7”. Proceedings of the ISRM International Symposium, EUROCK, Wroclaw, Poland, 23–26th Oct. 2013; CRC Press, pp. 777–782.
- [2] F. Vagnon, S. Bonetto, A.M. Ferrero, J.P. Harrison, and G. Umili, “Eurocode 7 and rock engineering design: The case of rockfall protection barriers”, Geosciences, vol. 10, pp. 305-320, 2020.
- [3] EN 1997-1 (English): “Eurocode 7: Geotechnical design - Part 1: General rules”, [Authority: The European Union Per Regulation 305/2011, Directive 98/34/EC, Directive 2004/18/EC].
- [4] J.P. Harrison, L. Alejano, A. Bedi, A.M. Ferrero, L. Lamas, J.F. Mathier, R. Migliazza, R. Olsson, A. Perucho, A. Sofianos, et al., “Rock engineering design and the evolution of Eurocode 7: The critical six years to 2020”. Proceedings of the 13th ISRM International Congress of Rock Mechanics, Montreal, QC, Canada, 10–13 th May 2015.
- [5] M.D. Bolton, “Eurocodes and the geotechnical engineering”, Ground Engineering, pp. 17-21, April 1983.
- [6] FEANI-2000. “Guide to the FEANI register, EUR-ING”, 3rd edition, Brussels, October 2000, Last update: Approved by the General Assembly on 6th October 2000. Revision of terminology on 23th August 2005 by the EMC of 15 th July 2005.
- [7] FEANI-2013. “Guide to the FEANI EUR-ING register, (Eur-Ing Guide)”, Last update: Approved by the General Assembly on 4 th Oct. 2013.
- [8] M. Jovanovski, J.B. Papic, and I. Pesevski, “Educational level and qualification requirements in Eurocode 7: 202X”, International Scientific Conference Earthquake Engineering and Geotechnical Aspects of Civil Engineering, 3-5th Nov. 2021, (Proceedings Ed.: R. Folic), pp. 492-502, 2021.
- [9] H. Bock, E. Broch, R. Chartres, M. Gambin, J. Maertens, L. Maertens, D. Norbury, P. Pinto, W. Schubert, and H. Stille, “The joint European working group of the ISSMGE, ISRM and IAEG for the definition of professional tasks, responsibilities and co-operation in ground engineering”, in Engineering Geology for Infrastructure Planning in Europe, R. Hack, R. Azzam, and R. Charlier, Eds., pp. 1–8, Springer-Verlag, Berlin Heidelberg, 2004.
- [10] F. Buggy, K. Thuro, G. Franzen, and M. Freitas, “Registration of ground engineering professionals-A European perspective”, in IAEG/AEG Annual meeting proceedings, A. Shakoor, and K. Cato, Eds., San Francisco, California, vol. 6, 2018,
- [11] H. Bock, M. Herten, R. Schwerter, and K. Thuro, 2014. “Unified qualification requirements for ground engineering and engineering geology professionals”, in Engineering Geology for Society and Territory, 7, G. Lollino, et al. Eds., pp. 207-211, 2014.
- [12] DGGT, ”EASV Sachverstandige für Geotechnik: Anforderungen an Sachkunde und Erfahrung, (EASV Experts for Geotechnical Engineering: requirements with regard to expertise and professional experience)”, Geotechnik, Berlin, (Ernst &Sohn), vol. 36, pp. 51-57, 2013.
- [13] L. Lamas, A. Perucho, and L. Alejano, “Some key issues regarding application of Eurocode 7 to rock engineering design”, Rock engineering and rock mechanics: Structures in and on rock masses, Proceedings of EUROCK2014, ISRM Regional Symposium, Vigo, Spain, May 2014.
- [14] O. Koc, “Strategies for design of support measures in tunnelling on basis of Eurocode”, The 3rd Int. Symp. on underground excavations for transportation, pp.437-441, Istanbul, 29-30th Nov. 2013.
- [15] R. Olsson and A. Palmström, “Critical review of EC7 concerning prescriptive measures for rock mechanics design”, Rock Engineering and Rock Mechanics: Structures in and on Rock Masses, Proceedings of EUROCK2014, ISRM Regional Symposium, Vigo, Spain, pp. 1493-1498, May 2014.
- [16] F. Buggy and G. Franzén, “Registration of Ground Engineering Professionals-A European Perspective”, Titre du document en Français, Proceedings of the XVII ECSMGE-2019, Geotechnical Engineering foundation of the future, ECSMGE-2019-0818.
- [17] B. Rahimi, M. Sharifzadeh, and X.T. Feng, “Ground behaviour analysis, support system design and construction strategies in deep hard rock mining - Justified in Western Australian’s mines”, Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering, vol. 12, pp. 1-20, 2020.
- [18] L. Uotinen, G. Nuijten, T. Siren, J. Stöm, M. Hakala, and M. Rinne, “Eurocodes in Hard Rock Engineering in Finland”. ITA-AITES World Tunnel Congress, Finnish Tunnelling Association MTR, pp. 126-127, Helsinki, Finland, 20-26th May 2011.
- [19] Z. Buyukkagnici and N.S. Isik, “Comparison of success ratio calculated limit equilibrium methods for slope stability analyses, Eurocode 7 and BS8006 standards”, TÜBAV Bilim Journal, Turkish Science Research Foundation, vol. 12, no. 2, pp. 18-29, 2019.
| APA | GOKAY M (2023). ENGINEERING REQUIRED TO HAVE SAFE STRUCTURES IN/ON THE EARTH CRUST AND EUROCODE 7. , 571 - 580. 10.36306/konjes.1100856 |
| Chicago | GOKAY Mehmet Kemal ENGINEERING REQUIRED TO HAVE SAFE STRUCTURES IN/ON THE EARTH CRUST AND EUROCODE 7. (2023): 571 - 580. 10.36306/konjes.1100856 |
| MLA | GOKAY Mehmet Kemal ENGINEERING REQUIRED TO HAVE SAFE STRUCTURES IN/ON THE EARTH CRUST AND EUROCODE 7. , 2023, ss.571 - 580. 10.36306/konjes.1100856 |
| AMA | GOKAY M ENGINEERING REQUIRED TO HAVE SAFE STRUCTURES IN/ON THE EARTH CRUST AND EUROCODE 7. . 2023; 571 - 580. 10.36306/konjes.1100856 |
| Vancouver | GOKAY M ENGINEERING REQUIRED TO HAVE SAFE STRUCTURES IN/ON THE EARTH CRUST AND EUROCODE 7. . 2023; 571 - 580. 10.36306/konjes.1100856 |
| IEEE | GOKAY M "ENGINEERING REQUIRED TO HAVE SAFE STRUCTURES IN/ON THE EARTH CRUST AND EUROCODE 7." , ss.571 - 580, 2023. 10.36306/konjes.1100856 |
| ISNAD | GOKAY, Mehmet Kemal. "ENGINEERING REQUIRED TO HAVE SAFE STRUCTURES IN/ON THE EARTH CRUST AND EUROCODE 7". (2023), 571-580. https://doi.org/10.36306/konjes.1100856 |
| APA | GOKAY M (2023). ENGINEERING REQUIRED TO HAVE SAFE STRUCTURES IN/ON THE EARTH CRUST AND EUROCODE 7. Konya mühendislik bilimleri dergisi (Online), 11(2), 571 - 580. 10.36306/konjes.1100856 |
| Chicago | GOKAY Mehmet Kemal ENGINEERING REQUIRED TO HAVE SAFE STRUCTURES IN/ON THE EARTH CRUST AND EUROCODE 7. Konya mühendislik bilimleri dergisi (Online) 11, no.2 (2023): 571 - 580. 10.36306/konjes.1100856 |
| MLA | GOKAY Mehmet Kemal ENGINEERING REQUIRED TO HAVE SAFE STRUCTURES IN/ON THE EARTH CRUST AND EUROCODE 7. Konya mühendislik bilimleri dergisi (Online), vol.11, no.2, 2023, ss.571 - 580. 10.36306/konjes.1100856 |
| AMA | GOKAY M ENGINEERING REQUIRED TO HAVE SAFE STRUCTURES IN/ON THE EARTH CRUST AND EUROCODE 7. Konya mühendislik bilimleri dergisi (Online). 2023; 11(2): 571 - 580. 10.36306/konjes.1100856 |
| Vancouver | GOKAY M ENGINEERING REQUIRED TO HAVE SAFE STRUCTURES IN/ON THE EARTH CRUST AND EUROCODE 7. Konya mühendislik bilimleri dergisi (Online). 2023; 11(2): 571 - 580. 10.36306/konjes.1100856 |
| IEEE | GOKAY M "ENGINEERING REQUIRED TO HAVE SAFE STRUCTURES IN/ON THE EARTH CRUST AND EUROCODE 7." Konya mühendislik bilimleri dergisi (Online), 11, ss.571 - 580, 2023. 10.36306/konjes.1100856 |
| ISNAD | GOKAY, Mehmet Kemal. "ENGINEERING REQUIRED TO HAVE SAFE STRUCTURES IN/ON THE EARTH CRUST AND EUROCODE 7". Konya mühendislik bilimleri dergisi (Online) 11/2 (2023), 571-580. https://doi.org/10.36306/konjes.1100856 |
