From toxic cadavers to biosafe specimens: a brief history of plastination in veterinary anatomy

Hasen Awel, (Ankara Üniversitesi, Veteriner Fakültesi, Anatomi Anabilim Dalı, Ankara, Türkiye / Mizan-Tepi University, Mizan Teferi, Ethiopia)
Okan EKİM, (Ankara Üniversitesi, Veteriner Fakültesi, Anatomi Anabilim Dalı, Ankara, Türkiye)
Caner BAKICI, (Ankara Üniversitesi, Veteriner Fakültesi, Anatomi Anabilim Dalı, Ankara, Türkiye)
Barış BATUR, (Ankara Üniversitesi, Veteriner Fakültesi, Anatomi Anabilim Dalı, Ankara, Türkiye)
Ahmet ÇAKIR (Ankara Üniversitesi, Veteriner Fakültesi, Anatomi Anabilim Dalı, Ankara, Türkiye)
Veteriner Hekimler Derneği Dergisi
1 0
Yıl: 2022 Cilt: 93 Sayı: 2 Sayfa Aralığı: 158 - 165 Metin Dili: İngilizce DOI: 10.33188/vetheder.998978 İndeks Tarihi: 15-06-2023

From toxic cadavers to biosafe specimens: a brief history of plastination in veterinary anatomy

Öz:
The teaching of veterinary anatomy was started in line with the establishment of the first veterinary school in Lyon in 1762. During this time fewer tools and techniques were available for displaying and visualization of organs in order to teach anatomy. Over the years, many methods, tools, and techniques that are essential for veterinary students and anatomists were developed. Teaching materials like cadaver which preserved by formalin has being using for a long time. Instead of preserved cadavers, various teaching materials have also been using in different parts of the world. These alternative techniques were not hopeful to meet the professional challenges in the medical and veterinary sciences. In 1977, Dr. Gunther von Hagens came up with an exclusive method, for the preservation of biological materials, called plastination. In the process of plastination body fluids and lipids in biological tissues replace with epoxy silicone and polyester polymers. Plastinated specimens are an excellent alternative to formalin-fixed specimens. Plastination brings not only three-dimensional and cross-sectional specimens for teaching and research, but also durable, clean, non-toxic materials for students. Plastinates are also convenient to handle, transport, and store. Three major methods used in plastination are silicone, sheet plastination with epoxy method and sheet plastination with polyester method. Silicone plastination is the most adaptable technique for cadavers, whole body or organ slices. Relative to the other plastination methods, it is widely used for teaching veterinary anatomy. Sheet plastination with polyester resin has been used for the production of opaque brain slices, while sheet plastination with epoxy resins are used for transparent body or organ slices. Using of anatomic specimens after plastination can be quite efficient for both theoretical and practical courses.
Anahtar Kelime: history plastination veterinary anatomy

Toksik kadavralardan, biyolojik güvenli örneklere plastinasyonun veteriner anatomideki kısa tarihçesi

Öz:
Veteriner anatomi eğitimi, 1762 yılında Lyon’da ilk veteriner okulunun kurulması ile başladı. O dönemlerde anatomi öğretimi için organların sergilenmesi ve görülmesi amacıyla oldukça sınırlı yöntemler ve teknikler bulunmaktaydı. Yıllar içerisinde, veteriner hekimliği öğrencileri ve anatomistler için vazgeçilmez olan birçok yöntem teknik ve ekipman geliştirildi. Kadavralar gibi formalin ile hazırlanmış eğitim materyalleri çok uzun zaman kullanıldı. Dünyanın farklı yerlerinde kadavraların muhafaza edilmesi yerine çeşitli öğretim materyalleri de kullanılmaktadır. Bu alternatif teknikler bile, tıp ve veteriner hekimlik bilimlerindeki mesleki zorluklarla başetme konusunda çok umut vaad etmiyordu. 1977'de Dr. Gunther von Hagens; biyolojik materyallerin korunması için plastinasyon adı verilen özel bir yöntem geliştirdi. Plastinasyon sürecinde, biyolojik dokulardaki vücut sıvıları ve lipidlerin, epoksi silikon ve polyester polimerler ile değiştirmesi sağlanmaktadır. Plastine edilmiş örnekler, formalinle tespit edilmiş numunelere göre mükemmel bir alternative olarak görülmektedir. Plastinasyon, sadece öğretim ve araştırma için üç boyutlu ve kesit örnekler değil, aynı zamanda öğrenciler için dayanıklı, temiz, toksik olmayan materyaller de sağlar. Plastinatların işlenmesi, taşınması ve depolanması da oldukça kolaydır. Plastinasyonda kullanılan başlıca üç yöntem; silikon, epoksi yöntemiyle kesitsel plastinasyon ve polyester yöntemiyle kesitsel plastinasyondur. Silikon plastinasyonu; kadavra, tüm vücut veya organ kesitleri için en uygun tekniktir. Diğer plastinasyon yöntemlerine göre veteriner anatomi öğretiminde yaygın olarak kullanılmaktadır. Opak beyin dilimlerinin üretiminde polyester polimer ile kesit plastinasyonu, şeffaf gövde veya organ dilimleri için de epoksi resinlerle kesit plastinasyonu kullanılabilmektedir. Anatomik örneklerin plastine edildikten sonra kullanılması; hem teorik hem de uygulamalı dersler için oldukça verimli olabilmektedir.
Anahtar Kelime: Plastinasyon Tarihçe Veteriner Anatomi

Belge Türü: Makale Makale Türü: Derleme Erişim Türü: Erişime Açık
  • 1. Siddiquey AS, Husain SS, Laila SZH. History of anatomy. Bangladesh j Anat 2009;7:1-3.
  • 2. Khan IA, Daya SK, Gowda RM. Evolution of the theory of circulation. Int J Cardiol 2005;98:519-521.
  • 3. Barber-Lomax JW. Claude Bourgelat. Small Anim Pract 1964;5:3-4.
  • 4. Ghosh SK. Human cadaveric dissection: a historical account from ancient Greece to the modern era. Anat Cell Biol 2015;48:153–169.
  • 5. Dibal NI, Garba SH. Jacks TW. Plastinates: Possible tool for medical education in the near future: mini review. Res Dev Med Educ 2018;7(1):3-7.
  • 6. Dent BB, Forbes SL, Stuart BH. Review of human decomposition processes in soil. Environ 2004;45:576-585.
  • 7. Janaway RC, Percival SL, Wilson AS. Decomposition of human remains. In: Percival SL 1st. ed. Microbiology and Aging. The Humana Press. 2009. p. 313-334.
  • 8. Laskar BA, Grayu T, Konwar A. Biological specimen preservation. Curr Sci 2009;97:5–6.
  • 9. Turney BW. Anatomy in a modern medical curriculum. Ann R Coll Surg Engl 2007;89:104-107.
  • 10. Jain M, Kasetty S, Sudheendra US. Plastination: An Intricate and Real Display of Oral Hard and Soft Tissues Specimens. J Dent Res 2014;1-6.
  • 11. Fisher MH. The Toxic Effects of Formaldehyde and Formalin. J Exp Med 1916;6:487–517.
  • 12. Raja D, Sultana B. Potential health hazards for students exposed to formaldehyde in the gross anatomy laboratory. J Environ Health 2012;74:36–40.
  • 13. NTP (National Toxicology Program) [Online] (2016). Report on Carcinogens, Twelfth Edition. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, National Toxicology Program. 2016 Nov 03 [cited 2021 June 21] Available from: http://ntp.niehs.nih.gov/go/roc12.
  • 14. Singh NN, Chaudhary A, Nair S, Kumar S. Non-perishable museum specimens: redefined plastination technique. J Plast 2015;27:20-24.
  • 15. Henry RW, Janick L, Henry C. Specimen preparation for silicone Plastination. J Plast 1997; 12: 13-17.
  • 16. Von Hagens G. Impregnation of soft biological specimens with thermosetting resins and elastomers. Anat. Rec 1979;194:247-255.
  • 17. Jones DG, Whitaker MI. Engaging with plastination and the Body Worlds phenomenon: A cultural and intellectual challenge for anatomists. Clinical Anatomy 2009;22:770-776.
  • 18. Kuhnel W. Statement by the Anatomische Gesellschaft on the Infamous Body-World Show of Dr Gunther von Hagens. Plexus: Newsletter of the International Federation of Associations of Anatomists, [Online] Dec 2004. Available from: http://www.ifaa.net/PLEX- US_december_2004-final.pdf [accessed April, 2021].
  • 19. Pendovski L, Petkov V, Popovska-percinic F, Ilieski V. Silicone Plastination Procedure for Producing Thin, Semitransparent Tissue Slices: A Study Using the Pig Kidney. J Plas 2008;23:10-16.
  • 20. Bin P, Conti A, Buccelli C, Addeo G, Capasso E, Piras M. Plastination: ethical and medico-legal considerations. Open Med 2016;11:584-586.
  • 21. Shirley NR, Wilson RJ, Jantz LM. Cadaver use at the University of Tennessee’s Anthropological Research Facility. Clin Anat 2011;24:372-380.
  • 22. Paczkowski S, Schütz S. Post-mortem volatiles of vertebrate tissue. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2011;91: 917-93.
  • 23. Kumar N, Das B, Solanki JB, Jadav MM, Menaka R. Plastination of macroparasites: An eco-friendly method of long-term preservation. Vet World 2017;10:1394-1400.
  • 24. Bickley HC. Plastination: A new technique for anatomic pathology and forensic science. Pathol Update Series 1984;2:2-8.
  • 25. Ulmer D. Fixation: the key to good tissue preservation. J Plast 1994;8:7–10.
  • 26. Ganguly S, Kumar V, Kumari FN, Para PA. Preservation of Biological Specimen by Plastination Technique, Latest Trends in Zoology and Entomology Sciences. 1st ed. 2018, Chapter: 3, Publisher: Delhi, India: AkiNik Publications; 2018.
  • 27. Prasad G, Karkera B, Pandit S, Desai D, Tonse GR. Preservation of Tissue by Plastination: A Review. Int J Health Sci 2015;1:27-31.
  • 28. Singh O, Mishra BK, Pandit S, Maheshwar TP, Hasan S. Plastination: A Promising Method for Preserving Biological Specimens: A Review Article. IJSRP 2013;3:1-4.
  • 29. Von Hagens G, Tiedemann K, Kriz W. The current potential of plastination. J Anat Embryol 1987;175:411-21.
  • 30. Ravi S. Plastination: A novel, innovative teaching adjunct in oral pathology. J Oral Maxillofac Pathol 2011;15:133-137.
  • 31. Sargon MF, Tatar I. Plastination: Basic principles and methodology. J Anat 2014;8:13–18.
  • 32. Henry RW. Silicone plastination of biological tissue: cold-temperature technique North Carolina technique and products. J Plast 2007;22:15-19.
  • 33. Fruhstorfer BH, Palmer J, Brydges S, Abrahams PH. The use of plastinated prosections for teaching anatomy-The view of medical students on the value of this learning resource. Clin Anat 2011;24:246-252.
  • 34. Jadhav A, Kulkarni PR, Chakre G. Plastination: A novel way of preserving tissues. Al Ameen J Med Sci 2016;9:212- 214.
  • 35. Ottone NE, Cirigliano V, Lewicki M, Bianchi HF, Aja-guardiola S, Algieri RD, Cantin M, Fuentes R. Plastination technique in laboratory rats: An alternative resource for teaching, surgical training and research development. J Morphol 2014;32:1430-1435.
  • 36. Renukaradhya GJ, Shilpa VS, Rao RS. Plastination: Through ages. JCRI 2018;5:72-74.
  • 37. Sora MC, Jilavu R, Matusz P. Computer aided three-dimensional reconstruction and modeling of the pelvis, by using plastinated cross sections, as a powerful tool for morphological investigations. Surg Radiol Anat 2012;34:731-736.
  • 38. Schill VK. General Issues of Safety in Plastination. J Plast 2018;30(1):27-36.
  • 39. Daniell WE, Claypoole KH, Checkoway H, Smith-Weller T, Dager SR, Townes BD, Rosenstock L. Neuropsychological function in retired workers with previous long-term occupational exposure to solvents. Occup Environ Med 1999;56(2):93-105.
  • 40. Knight A. The Effectiveness of Humane Teaching Methods in Veterinary Education. Altex 2007;24:91-109.
  • 41. Tiplady C, Lloyd S, Morton J. Veterinary science student preferences for the source of dog cadavers used in anatomy teaching. Altern Lab Anim 2011;9(5):461-9.
  • 42. AE (Animal Ethics). The use of animals in primary and secondary education [Online]. Available from: https://www.animal-ethics.org/use-animals-primary-secondary-education/[accessed April. 2021]
  • 43. Rosenberger J. Harvest of shame: Dissection’s deadly toll hits frogs hardest. E Magazine 1998;9(4):26-27.
  • 44. Peta (People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals). New Indian Veterinary Education Regulations to End Calf Killing, Reduce Other Cruelty [Online] July 21, 2016 Available from: https://www.petaindia.com/blog/new- indian-veterinary-education-regulations-end-calf-killing-reduce-cruelty/[accessed April. 2019].
  • 45. Dejong K, Henry RW. Silicone plastination of biological tissue: Cold-temperature technique BiodurTM S10/S15 technique and products. J Plast 2007;22:2–14.
  • 46. Menaka R, Chaurasia S. Utilization of Formalin Embalmed Specimens Under Eco-Friendly Conditions by Advanced Plastination Technique. Int J Anat Res 2015;3(2):1111-1113.
  • 47. Ameko E, Achio S, Alhassan S, Adasu C, Dzagbletey ET, Abbey PR. Plastination of Some Cow and Ram Organs in Ghana for Use as Teaching Aids. IJPAST, 2012;8:57-68.
  • 48. Menaka R, Chaurasia S. Plastination of Internal Organs as Teaching/Anatomical Museum Models. Int J Livest Res 2015;3(1):25-27.
  • 49. Mohamed R, John R. Production and use of plastinated anatomical specimens as teaching and learning tools in veterinary gross anatomy in the Caribbean. J Adv Vet Anim Res 2018;5:44-52.
  • 50. Bakici C, Akgun RO, Ekim O, Insal B, Kaya U, Bilgili H, Bumin A, Cakir A. Differentiation of Anatomic Entities in The Dog Stifle Joint Following S10b Plastination: Comparative Colorimetric And Radiological Investigations. Acta Vet 2019;69(4):391-401.
  • 51. Diz A, García-Monterde J, Agüera E, Vivo J, Morales JL, Navas-Lloret JM. The plastination Biodur S10 technique applied in teaching the male genital organs in veterinary anatomy. J Plast 2008;23:40-64.
  • 52. Akgün RO, Ekim O, Bakıcı C, İnsal B, Ayvalı M, Orhan İÖ, Oto Ç, Atanasoff A. Preparation of Internal Genital Organs of Adult Cows by S10B Silicone Plastination Method. Atatürk Üniversitesi Vet Bil Derg 2019;14(2):137-141.
  • 53. Ekim O. Efficiency evaluation of different silicone plastination protocols applied to domestic avian specimens. Vet Hekim Der Derg 2018;89:74-84.
  • 54. Pashaei S. A brief review on the history, methods and applications of plastination. J Morphol 2010;28:1075-1079.
  • 55. Entius CAS, Rijn VRR, Zwambor AW, Kleinrensink GJ, Robben SGF. Influence of Formaldehyde/Phenol fixation on MRI of the stifle joint and correlation with plastinated slices. J Plast 2004;19:26-32.
  • 56. Donoso SE, Sora MC, Probst A, Budras KD, König HE. Mesoscopic structures of the equine toe demonstrated by using thin slice plastination (E12). Vet Med Int 2009;96:286-291.
  • 57. Ottone NE, Vargas CA, Veuthey C, Sol MD, Fuente R. Epoxy Sheet Plastination on a Rabbit Head-New Faster Protocol with Biodur®E12/E1. J Morphol 2018;36:441-446.
  • 58. Sora MC, Cook P. Epoxy Plastination of biological tissue: E12 technique. J Plast 2007;22:31-39.
  • 59. Latorre R, Henry RW. Polyester plastination of biological tissue: P40 technique for body slices. J Plast 2007; 22:69-77.
  • 60. Sui HJ, Henry RW. Polyester plastination of biological tissue: Hoffen P45 technique. J Plast 2007;22:78-81.
  • 61. Gao H, Liu J, Yu S, Sui H. A New Polyester Technique for Sheet Plastination. J Plast 2006;21:7-10.
  • 62. Ogaili R, Baker SSM, Sui H. Using of Polyester P45 Plastinated Sheet specimens in Teaching Anatomy, Pathology and Radiology Courses. Int J Chemtech Res 2018;11:393-398.
  • 63. Latorre R, Arencibia A, Gil F, Rivero M, Remirez G, Vaquez-auton JM, Henry RW. Sheet plastination with polyester: An alternative for all tissues. J Plast 2004;19:33-39.
APA YUNUS H, EKIM O, BAKICI C, Batur B, Çakır A (2022). From toxic cadavers to biosafe specimens: a brief history of plastination in veterinary anatomy. , 158 - 165. 10.33188/vetheder.998978
Chicago YUNUS Hasen Awel,EKIM OKAN,BAKICI CANER,Batur Barış,Çakır Ahmet From toxic cadavers to biosafe specimens: a brief history of plastination in veterinary anatomy. (2022): 158 - 165. 10.33188/vetheder.998978
MLA YUNUS Hasen Awel,EKIM OKAN,BAKICI CANER,Batur Barış,Çakır Ahmet From toxic cadavers to biosafe specimens: a brief history of plastination in veterinary anatomy. , 2022, ss.158 - 165. 10.33188/vetheder.998978
AMA YUNUS H,EKIM O,BAKICI C,Batur B,Çakır A From toxic cadavers to biosafe specimens: a brief history of plastination in veterinary anatomy. . 2022; 158 - 165. 10.33188/vetheder.998978
Vancouver YUNUS H,EKIM O,BAKICI C,Batur B,Çakır A From toxic cadavers to biosafe specimens: a brief history of plastination in veterinary anatomy. . 2022; 158 - 165. 10.33188/vetheder.998978
IEEE YUNUS H,EKIM O,BAKICI C,Batur B,Çakır A "From toxic cadavers to biosafe specimens: a brief history of plastination in veterinary anatomy." , ss.158 - 165, 2022. 10.33188/vetheder.998978
ISNAD YUNUS, Hasen Awel vd. "From toxic cadavers to biosafe specimens: a brief history of plastination in veterinary anatomy". (2022), 158-165. https://doi.org/10.33188/vetheder.998978
APA YUNUS H, EKIM O, BAKICI C, Batur B, Çakır A (2022). From toxic cadavers to biosafe specimens: a brief history of plastination in veterinary anatomy. Veteriner Hekimler Derneği Dergisi, 93(2), 158 - 165. 10.33188/vetheder.998978
Chicago YUNUS Hasen Awel,EKIM OKAN,BAKICI CANER,Batur Barış,Çakır Ahmet From toxic cadavers to biosafe specimens: a brief history of plastination in veterinary anatomy. Veteriner Hekimler Derneği Dergisi 93, no.2 (2022): 158 - 165. 10.33188/vetheder.998978
MLA YUNUS Hasen Awel,EKIM OKAN,BAKICI CANER,Batur Barış,Çakır Ahmet From toxic cadavers to biosafe specimens: a brief history of plastination in veterinary anatomy. Veteriner Hekimler Derneği Dergisi, vol.93, no.2, 2022, ss.158 - 165. 10.33188/vetheder.998978
AMA YUNUS H,EKIM O,BAKICI C,Batur B,Çakır A From toxic cadavers to biosafe specimens: a brief history of plastination in veterinary anatomy. Veteriner Hekimler Derneği Dergisi. 2022; 93(2): 158 - 165. 10.33188/vetheder.998978
Vancouver YUNUS H,EKIM O,BAKICI C,Batur B,Çakır A From toxic cadavers to biosafe specimens: a brief history of plastination in veterinary anatomy. Veteriner Hekimler Derneği Dergisi. 2022; 93(2): 158 - 165. 10.33188/vetheder.998978
IEEE YUNUS H,EKIM O,BAKICI C,Batur B,Çakır A "From toxic cadavers to biosafe specimens: a brief history of plastination in veterinary anatomy." Veteriner Hekimler Derneği Dergisi, 93, ss.158 - 165, 2022. 10.33188/vetheder.998978
ISNAD YUNUS, Hasen Awel vd. "From toxic cadavers to biosafe specimens: a brief history of plastination in veterinary anatomy". Veteriner Hekimler Derneği Dergisi 93/2 (2022), 158-165. https://doi.org/10.33188/vetheder.998978
Sayfa Oluşturulma Tarihi
24-04-2024 7:54

İLETİŞİM

TÜBİTAK ULAKBİM TR Dizin

Yüzüncüyıl, İşçi Blokları Mahallesi

Muhsin Yazıcıoğlu Caddesi No:51/C

06530 Çankaya / ANKARA +90 (312) 298 92 00

trdizin@tubitak.gov.tr

TÜBİTAK ULAKBİM Ulusal Akademik Ağ ve Bilgi Merkezi Cahit Arf Bilgi Merkezi © Tüm Hakları Saklıdır. Gizlilik Politikası Kullanım Şartları