Circadian Rhythm, Hypothalamo-Pituitary Adrenal Axis, and Immunity: Physiological and Pathological Examples

Zafer SAHIN, (Karadeniz Teknik Üniversitesi, Tıp Fakültesi, Fizyoloji Bölümü, Trabzon, Türkiye)
Omer Faruk KALKAN, (Karadeniz Teknik Üniversitesi, Tıp Fakültesi, Fizyoloji Bölümü, Trabzon, Türkiye)
Osman AKTAS, (Karadeniz Teknik Üniversitesi, Tıp Fakültesi, Fizyoloji Bölümü, Trabzon, Türkiye)
Ahmet KALKAN (Karadeniz Teknik Üniversitesi, Tıp Fakültesi, Enfeksiyon Hastalıkları Bölümü ve Klinik Mikrobiyoloji, Trabzon, Türkiye)
Akdeniz Tıp Dergisi
7 1
Yıl: 2023 Cilt: 9 Sayı: 3 Sayfa Aralığı: 331 - 341 Metin Dili: İngilizce DOI: 10.53394/akd.1110074 İndeks Tarihi: 05-09-2023

Circadian Rhythm, Hypothalamo-Pituitary Adrenal Axis, and Immunity: Physiological and Pathological Examples

Öz:
All living organisms, from single-celled microorganisms to humans, have to adapt to changing environmental conditions to maintain their survival processes. There are biological clocks in the body, which are related to the circadian rhythm and have a hierarchical organization. The master circadian clock is located in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) of hypothalamus. SCN maintain body rhythms in synchronous with the light-dark cycle in the external environment. There are also peripheral oscillators that work in coordination with SCN. Neurological, endocrinological, and immunological functions in the body are under the influence of circadian and seasonal rhythms. Melatonin and cortisol (corticosterone in animals) are among the most important hormones that show circadian rhythm in the body. The body adapts to daily and seasonal changes with biological rhythms regulated by biological clocks. It is well known that the immune system is affected by the external environment. Changes in endocrine system, hypothalamo-pituitary adrenal (HPA) axis, and immune system are marked, especially depending on the seasonal changes. Therefore, the immune system has close relationship with the circadian rhythm. Understanding relationship between physiological regulation of the circadian rhythm, HPA axis and immune activity is important for to keep our body in healthy conditions and struggle with the diseases as well. In current review, the interaction and relationship of genes and proteins related to the circadian rhythm with HPA axis and immune system parameters are discussed with both physiological and pathological examples.
Anahtar Kelime: Circadian rhythm Immune system Hypothalamo-pituitary adrenal axis Health Disease

Sirkadiyen Ritim, Hipotalamo-Hipofizer Adrenal Aks ve Bağışıklık: Fizyolojik ve Patolojik Örnekler

Öz:
Tek hücreli mikroorganizmalardan insanlara kadar, canlılar değişen çevre koşullarına uyum sağlamak zorundadır. Sirkadiyen ritim bu adaptasyonla ilişkili en önemli mekanizmadır. Vücutta sirkadiyen ritimle ilişkili, hiyerarşik organizasyona sahip, biyolojik saatler bulunmaktadır. Master sirkadiyen saat, hipotalamusun suprakiyazmatik nükleusunda (SCN) yer almaktadır. SCN, vücut ritimlerini dış ortamdaki aydınlık-karanlık döngüsüyle senkronize halde tutar. Merkezi saat olan SCN ile koordineli çalışan, periferal osilatörler de mevcuttur. Vücutta nörolojik, endokrinolojik ve immünolojik fonksiyonlar sirkadiyen ve mevsimsel ritimlerin etkisi altındadır. Vücutta sirkadiyen ritim gösteren hormonların başında melatonin ve kortizol (hayvanlarda kortikosteron) gelmektedir. Vücut, günlük ve mevsimsel değişikliklere biyolojik saatleri vasıtasıyla düzenlenen biyolojik ritimlerle uyum sağlamaktadır. Bağışıklık sisteminin dış çevreden etkilendiği iyi bilinmektedir. Özellikle mevsimsel değişikliklere bağlı olarak endokrin sistemde, hipotalamo-hipofizer adrenal aksta ve immün sistemde değişiklikler kendini belli etmektedir. Bununla birlikte immün sistem sirkadiyen ritimle de sıkı ilişkiye sahiptir. Sirkadiyen ritmin fizyolojik regülasyonu ve immün aktivite arasındaki ilişkinin anlaşılması sağlıklı yaşam ve hastalıklarla mücadele bakımından önem arz etmektedir. Yazımızda sirkadiyen ritimle ilişkili gen ve proteinlerin immün sistem parametreleri ile etkileşimi ve ilişkisi güncel fizyolojik ve patolojik örneklerle ele alınmaktadır.
Anahtar Kelime: Sirkadiyen ritim İmmün sistem Hipotalamo-hipofizer adrenal aks Sağlık Hastalık

Belge Türü: Makale Makale Türü: Derleme Erişim Türü: Erişime Açık
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APA Şahin Z, Kalkan Ö, AKTAS O, KALKAN A (2023). Circadian Rhythm, Hypothalamo-Pituitary Adrenal Axis, and Immunity: Physiological and Pathological Examples. , 331 - 341. 10.53394/akd.1110074
Chicago Şahin Zafer,Kalkan Ömer Faruk,AKTAS OSMAN,KALKAN Ahmet Circadian Rhythm, Hypothalamo-Pituitary Adrenal Axis, and Immunity: Physiological and Pathological Examples. (2023): 331 - 341. 10.53394/akd.1110074
MLA Şahin Zafer,Kalkan Ömer Faruk,AKTAS OSMAN,KALKAN Ahmet Circadian Rhythm, Hypothalamo-Pituitary Adrenal Axis, and Immunity: Physiological and Pathological Examples. , 2023, ss.331 - 341. 10.53394/akd.1110074
AMA Şahin Z,Kalkan Ö,AKTAS O,KALKAN A Circadian Rhythm, Hypothalamo-Pituitary Adrenal Axis, and Immunity: Physiological and Pathological Examples. . 2023; 331 - 341. 10.53394/akd.1110074
Vancouver Şahin Z,Kalkan Ö,AKTAS O,KALKAN A Circadian Rhythm, Hypothalamo-Pituitary Adrenal Axis, and Immunity: Physiological and Pathological Examples. . 2023; 331 - 341. 10.53394/akd.1110074
IEEE Şahin Z,Kalkan Ö,AKTAS O,KALKAN A "Circadian Rhythm, Hypothalamo-Pituitary Adrenal Axis, and Immunity: Physiological and Pathological Examples." , ss.331 - 341, 2023. 10.53394/akd.1110074
ISNAD Şahin, Zafer vd. "Circadian Rhythm, Hypothalamo-Pituitary Adrenal Axis, and Immunity: Physiological and Pathological Examples". (2023), 331-341. https://doi.org/10.53394/akd.1110074
APA Şahin Z, Kalkan Ö, AKTAS O, KALKAN A (2023). Circadian Rhythm, Hypothalamo-Pituitary Adrenal Axis, and Immunity: Physiological and Pathological Examples. Akdeniz Tıp Dergisi, 9(3), 331 - 341. 10.53394/akd.1110074
Chicago Şahin Zafer,Kalkan Ömer Faruk,AKTAS OSMAN,KALKAN Ahmet Circadian Rhythm, Hypothalamo-Pituitary Adrenal Axis, and Immunity: Physiological and Pathological Examples. Akdeniz Tıp Dergisi 9, no.3 (2023): 331 - 341. 10.53394/akd.1110074
MLA Şahin Zafer,Kalkan Ömer Faruk,AKTAS OSMAN,KALKAN Ahmet Circadian Rhythm, Hypothalamo-Pituitary Adrenal Axis, and Immunity: Physiological and Pathological Examples. Akdeniz Tıp Dergisi, vol.9, no.3, 2023, ss.331 - 341. 10.53394/akd.1110074
AMA Şahin Z,Kalkan Ö,AKTAS O,KALKAN A Circadian Rhythm, Hypothalamo-Pituitary Adrenal Axis, and Immunity: Physiological and Pathological Examples. Akdeniz Tıp Dergisi. 2023; 9(3): 331 - 341. 10.53394/akd.1110074
Vancouver Şahin Z,Kalkan Ö,AKTAS O,KALKAN A Circadian Rhythm, Hypothalamo-Pituitary Adrenal Axis, and Immunity: Physiological and Pathological Examples. Akdeniz Tıp Dergisi. 2023; 9(3): 331 - 341. 10.53394/akd.1110074
IEEE Şahin Z,Kalkan Ö,AKTAS O,KALKAN A "Circadian Rhythm, Hypothalamo-Pituitary Adrenal Axis, and Immunity: Physiological and Pathological Examples." Akdeniz Tıp Dergisi, 9, ss.331 - 341, 2023. 10.53394/akd.1110074
ISNAD Şahin, Zafer vd. "Circadian Rhythm, Hypothalamo-Pituitary Adrenal Axis, and Immunity: Physiological and Pathological Examples". Akdeniz Tıp Dergisi 9/3 (2023), 331-341. https://doi.org/10.53394/akd.1110074
Sayfa Oluşturulma Tarihi
24-04-2024 9:1

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